1
I
4 Friday, October 17, 1938
MAIL TRIJUNE, MEDFORD, ORE.
MEDFORDtj&rTEIBUNE
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Reidi The Mail Tribune"
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Flight 'o Time
.Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30 and
40 years ago.
' 10 YEARS AGO
October 17. 194B (Sunday)
A Chicago couple staying at
the Utopia motel reports mis
placing their auto," which
bears California plates, and
has enlisted local authorities
in the search.
Forty - three members of
Mrs. Eve Prentice's accordion
band performed recently in
Ashland.
20 YEARS AGO
October 17, 1938 (Monday)
A "sparkling and brilliant"
concert series is anticipated
here this winter under the
sponsorship of a new music
association.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "S.
Morris the T-Rk. tiller reports
everything with wings on his
place, but the north wing of
the barn, has been peppered
for a pheasant."
30 YEARS AGO
October 17, 1928 (Wednesday)
A 247.6-acre area on Eiddle
lane has been selected as the
site for Medford's proposed
airport.
Copco has completed a 27
by 30 foot map of Medford,
and city officials are looking
desperately for a place big
enough to display it.
40 YEARS AGO
October 17. 1918 (Thursday)
Two "hardy and inteprid"
19-year-old ladies from Seat
tle spent last night here on
their hiking (and hitch-hiking)
tour to Los Angeles.
"Just one more shove by
a few patriots" and Medford
will have filled its quota for
the liberty loan drive.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nine er ten correct is superior;
seven or eight is excellent; five ei
six is good.
1. Name the canal that con
nects Lake Erie and the Hud
son River.
2. Who, in a play by Shake
speare, offered his kingdom
for a horse?
3. How many strings has a
violin?
4. Fish oils are richest in
Vitamin, B, C, or D?
5. Give the next line to the
"familiar lines from Elizabeth
Akers Allen's, "Rock me to
Sleep, Mother," which fol
lows: "Backward, turn back
. ward, O Time in your flight."
6. Our present-day calendar
was devised by Pope Gregory
I "VII sw -V 1117
- 7. The earth is divided into
how many climatic zones?
. 8. Is air pressure greater ai
sea level, or on a mountain
. top?
9. On the average is the
area around the North Pole
colder, or warmer, than the
area surrounding the South
Pole?
10. When does the U.S. gov
ernment's fiscal year end?
Answers: 1. Erie Canal. 2
vw Richard HI. 3. Four. 4
Vitamin D. 5. "Make me a
child 9a Ju" Ior lonl9nx
6. Gregory XIII. 7. Five. 8
lia l.L 9. Warmer. 10
June ?J).
far
What Is
Is a Negro a human
ously, is yes.
Is, then, a Negro who is a life-long resident
of the United States a U.S. citizen? It cannot be
otherwise.
Are all U.S. citizens equal before the law?
The U.S. Constitution says they are, in the
Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments.
If any person denies any of these three propo
sitions, he is either mixed up beyond redemption,
or rejects the Constitution as our basic charter
and therefore brands himself as "Un-American."
TPHE affirmative answers to these three ques-
tions are recognized throughout the nation,
even in the south, by all except the lunatic fringe.
The current dispute over the desegregation
of southern schools steins not from these. It
stems from a 1954 ruling of the U.S. Supreme
Court which held that separate education is not
equal education.
. Southern segregationists, on the other hand,
maintain that the "separate but equal" doctrine,
enunciated by the Supreme Court many years
ago, is still a valid ruling.
They attack the 1954 decision as one of
"sociology" rather than one of law.
THAT is the sum and substance of the dispute.
It does not involve "states' rights" (as one
is told in the south) it is a matter of individual
rights. States' rights enter only insofar as states
have been guilty of depriving individuals of
their rights, which they cannot do under the
Constitution.
The dispute has, of course, many ramifica
tions. It has motivated millions of words, much
unhappiness on both sides, and desperate action
by the fools, hoodlums and hate-mongers who
have dragged the name of the United States of
America through the mud before the whole
world.
Because of this, it may be worthwhile to
ponder a moment on the court's ruling.
Can, in truth, "separate" education be "equal"
education?
JAMES BALDWIN, a
iicuilu uic cuuui, lie iaj'scu ay iiic iiuiiic ui
a Negro family, where the teen age son was the
only Negro attending a
school, after having transferred from an all
Negro high school.
The following is quoted from Baldwin s arti
cle in the current Harper's magazine. The boy's
mother is speaking:
"'You see that boy? Well, he's always been a
straight-A student. He didn't hardly have to work at
it. You see the way he's so quiet now on the sofa,
with his books? Well, when he was going to
(the Negro) High School, he didn't have no homework
or if he did, he could get it done in five minutes.
Then, there he was, out in the streets, getting into
mischief, and all he did all day in school was just
keep clowning to make the other .boys laugh. He
wasn't learning nothing and didn't nobody care if
he never learned nothing and I could just see what
was going to happen to him if he kept on like that.'
"The boy was very quiet.
" 'What were you learning in High?' I
asked him.
" 'Nothing!' he exploded, with a very un-boyish
laugh. I asked him to tell me about it.
" 'Well, the teacher comes in,' he said, 'and she
gives you something to read and she goes out. She
leaves some other student in charge . . .' ('You can
just imagine how much reading gets done,' Mrs. R.
interposed.) 'At the end of the period,' G. continued,
'she comes back and tells you something to read for
the next day.' "
"So, having nothing else to do, G. began amusing
his classmates and his mother began to be afraid. G.
is just about the age when boys begin dropping out
of school. Perhaps they get a girl into trouble; she
also drops out; the boy gets work for a time or gets
into trouble for a long time. I was told that 45 girls
had left school for the maternity ward the year before.
. A week or ten days before I arrived in the city 18
boys from G.'s former high school had been sentenced
to the chain gang.
" 'My boy's a good boy,' said Mrs. R., 'and I wanted
to see him have a chance.'
" 'Don't the teachers care about - the students?' I -.-
asked. This brought forth more laughter. How could
they care? How much could they do if they did care? -.
There were too many children, from shaky homes and
worn-out parents, in aging, inadequate plants. They
could be considered, most of them, as already doomed.
Besides, the teachers' jobs were safe. They were
responsible only to the Principal, an appointed official,
whose judgment, apparently, was never ..questioned "
by his (white) superiors or confreres.
"The Principal of G.'s former high school was
about 75 when he was finally retired and his idea
of discipline was to have two boys beat each other
-'under his supervision'-with leather belts. This once
happened with G., with no other results than his par
ents gave the Principal a tongue-lashing. It happened
with two boys of G.'s acquaintance with the result
that, "after school, one boy beat the other so badly
that he had to be sent to the hospital. The teachers
have- themselves arrived at a dead end, for in a
segregated school system they cannot rise any higher,
and the students are aware of this. Both students and
teachers soon cease to struggle."
- -
CO "separate" is "equal"?
Not a chance particularly in the South,
and despite all their pious talk of the "good
schools" they are building for "the Nigras." .
The Supreme Court may have taken sociology
into account, but the decision was based on fact
the fact that under the circumstances in the
south (and elsewhere, for that matter), schools
segregated on a color basis are not equal schools.
Negroes are human beings, they are United
States citizens, United States citizens are equal
before the law, and no state has a right to provide
unequal schooling by law. -
And that is the logic which must be followed
if the United States of America is going to live
up to its boast of all men being created equal.
E.A.
'Equal'?
being? The answer, obvi
Negro -miter, recently
previously all-white high
'HOW'eOCTA RIDE? JM JUST
'People's Communes7
China Seen Military
By HAROLD GUARD
" UPI Correspondent
London - (UPD - British trade
reports from Peiping over the
past month have underlined
the importance of the drive
for ' formation of "people's
communes" in Red China
which was- being stimulated
by the Quemoy affair.
"The military significance
of this development is of tre
mendous consequence," one
authoritative report said.
All reports were agreed
that , the Quemoy situation
was being used as an incen
tive to keep enthusiasm at
fever heat under the slogan
"resist U.S.A. aggression."
"To make sure the position
is appreciated throughout the
whole of the country, spon
taneous demonstrations have
been arranged in which 300,
000,000 people are reported
to have taken part. They still
continue," the reports said.
They described the drive
for "people's communes" as
being of "more far-reaching
and long term importance"
than the Quemoy affair.
Their Function Defined
British traders said the
'people's commune" system
was being planned on military
lines; ,,
Individual communes would
initially consist of 50 to 100,
000 persons in specific areas
corresponding roughly to
Western rural districts.
The communes' tasks would
be to "manage all industrial
and agricultural productions,
exchange, cultural and educa
tional work, and political af
fairs within its own sphere."
"A system of citizen sol
diers will operate throughout
Communications
What About The Deficit?
To the Editor: One question
that is in the minds of many
Oregon voters today has not
yet been answered by Gover
nor Holmes. "Who has now
made up the $16,000 deficit
which Mr. Holmes ran up in
his primary campaign ex
penses?"
The laws of the state of
Oregon require that all cam
paign contributions be re
ported within 10 days follow
ing the primary election, so
that the public may, in casting
their vote in the general elec
tion, be aware of any possible
relationship between contri
butions accepted and favors
expected.
The governor subverts the
purpose of the law by run
ning up a $16,000 campaign
deficit and then refusing to
advise the public who it is
that is interested enough in
his election to have now de
frayed that considerable ex
pense. The people are entitled
to know. .
Mrs. Bertha Coy Ross
Route 1,
Gold Hill, Ore.
Humphrey Takes
Issue With Ike
Los Angeles (UPD Sen. Hu
bert Humphrey (D-Mnn.) has
taken issue with President
Eisenhower's desire to remove
foreign policy discussions
from political campaigns.
In a press conference at the
Biltmore hotel here Thursday
Humphrey said, "it seems to
me that if we were to follow
the advice of the President all
the way, it would mean that
all who express a different
point of view on foreign pol
icy should be hushed up."
The senator, an outspoken
foe of the current U.S. for
eign policy, said the country
nearly involved itself in a
Chinese civil war by its For
mosan Strait action.
"To stake the prestige of
the United States on the de
fense of the offshore islands is
incredible folly," Humphrey
said. "Militarily it is , pre
carious and diplomatically it
is indefensible."
KILLIM'TIA AfyVJAY."
the whole commune and in
course of time all private own
ership of the means of pro
duction, including dwellings,
will cease, and all labor will
be paid on a wage basis," the
report said.
TITis would mean that all
forms of labor would be un
der the direct control of the
commune and could be moved
at will from one task to an
other. 'On Military Lines'
"The whole organization
would be planned on military
lines and it is recognized that
the communes can be of mili
tary significance although
that was said not to be the
primary objective," one re
port said.
Success for the "commune"
system would strengthen po
litical control and, the British
traders said, would insure con
trol of the developing small
scale industry by . covering
Washington Writer
'Government by Press Release'
By A. ROBERT SMITH
Mail Tribune Correspondent
.Washington it' is perhaps
good for Gov. Robert D.
Holmes that he is not running
for a federal
office in
Washing ton,
D. C, after
j his press re
lease about
Mark Hat
f i e 1 d's reli
gious activi
ties became a
cause celebre.
aTroM smith For Washing
ton is the scene- of what is
often called "government by
press release"-and the un
fortunate politican who blun
ders in his use of this instru
ment of politics is, like Gov.
Holmes was last week, forced
into the impossible exercise of
trying to unscramble the egg.
A press release, unbe
knownst to most citizens, is a
brief paper prepared by -a
government agency, a senator,
a private company, a ladies'
aid society or what-have-you;
designed to communicate cer
tain information to the public
through the medium of the
press. Newspapers and their
correspondents are deluged
with releases every day. Strict
news judgment consigns many
to the wastebasket.
Missile Warfare
In Washington, no one acts
without firing a press release.
It's like missile warfare. The
State Department issues a
press release with quotes
from Dulles to knock out
what Pravda is saying about
Quemoy. Then Sen. Wayne
Morse recoils and fires at
Dulles, a sort of anti-missile-missile
press release.
At its best, the press re
lease is a good and necessary
aid to rapid communication of
accurate data. A high per
centage of news stories out of
Washington are based in part
on press releases. There are
several delivery services here
which do nothing but pick up
press releases all day long at
government agencies for dev
livery to newsmen at their
offices. .
. At its worst, the press re
lease distorts . what is going
on inside the agency which is
sues it. Mostly, in the political
realm, a release is designed to
put one's best foot forward.
But if the trim ankle it pre
sents to the public doesn't
come close to fitting the shoe
of circumstances, the public is
deceived - until reporters, a
suspicious breed, are able to
cut through the smokescreen
FIGHT TO FINISH
Cairo - (UPD - Premier Fer
hat Abbas of the Algerian
government-in-exile says the
rebellion will go on until Al
geria wins its independence
from France.
How Come Nixon' Avoids N.Y. Election
Battle? Rockefeller Doesn't Want Him
By LYLE C. WiLSON
UPI Correspondent
Washington-r(DPD-How come
Vice Presidetn Richard M.
Nixon has not done any cam
paign speak
ing in New
York state
where so
much is at
stake for the
R e p u b 1 ican
party this
year?
The answer
to that ques-
r. Wilson "on uumes iu
two versions, as follows:
The smartly edited "Na
tional Review," a very con
servative or extreme right
wing weekly, reports bluntly
that Nelson A. Rockefeller
will not have the vice presi
dent in the state. RockefeUer
is the Republican nominee for
governor in a contest with
Democratic Gov. Averell Har-
ira Red
Threat
China with small units of area
which would be self-supporting
to a considerable extent.
The reports said "the tre
mendous drive" which is now
in progress throughout China
to increase the pace of in
dustralization,' with its em
phasis on small industry, was
putting an "almost unbear
able strain on labor, manage
ment, communications and aU
branches of the economy."
"Many reasons have been
put forward to account for
China's attack on the islands
-to strengthen her case for
U.N. membership, to remove
the military threat which they
impose and to cause dissen
sion in the West. Surprisingly
little attention has been given
to yet another 'bird'-that of
internal politics, although it
is the time honored means of
taking the minds of the people
off their domestic worries,"
the reports said.
and come out with a more ac
curate and objective account,
letting the chips fall where
they may.
Proved Embarrasing
The Bureau of Land Man
agement once issued a press
release designed to knock
down the "inside flope" story
which proved embarrassing to
the agency. BLM later reluct
antly made public the facts
which verified the story, but
it didn't proclaim it with a
new press release.
In the Senate press gallery
at the Capitol, a long table
bears each day's stacks of
mimeographed releases from
senators who want to get
their names and point of view
in the papers. Most senators,
like federal agencies, employ
skilled writers. Sen. Foghorn
may be traveling in Timbuk
tu, but if his office sends a re
lease to the gallery, tomor
In the Day's News
By FRANK
Foreign affairs:
Secretary Dulles tells a
new conference this country
has no plans to URGE Nation
alist Generalissimo Chiang
Kai-shek to reduce his troops
on the islands hugging the
Red China mainland (primar
ily Quemoy and Matsu) but
he indicated it MIGHT BE
WISE militarily for Chiang to
do so.
. This was generally taken as
a stiffening of the U. S. posi
tion since Dulles had indicated
two weeks earlier this govern
ment would PRESS Chiang to
cut ' his Quemoy and Matsu
garrisons if the reds agreed
to a "dependable" truce in
the area.
DOUBLE talk, maybe?
It doesn't make sense
maybe?.
Wait a minute.
TID you ever listen to the
" talk that goes on around
a poker table?
Remember that in the tight
spots diplomacy is a poker
game with IMMENSE stakes.
So, in the pinches, diplo
mats tend to talk like poker
players. You can't know what
their tall talk means if you
can't see their hands.
And
They dare not let anybody
see the cards they hold.
BUSINESS affairs:
AFL-CIO President
George Meany says in a state
ment in Washington that
"America may have a boom
on Wall Street but what it
really needs is a boom on
Main Street." This is needed,
he added, to end still critical
unemployment in America.
riman who seeks reelection..
The other version adds ud
to about the same thing, but
more gently. In response to
a United Press International
inquiry to RockefeUer cam
paign headquarters in New
York City, it was explained
that:
Rockefeller would welcome
Nixon as a campaign speaker
in New York but only on be
half of Republican congres
sional candidates. Rockefel
ler also would welcome Nix
on's personal support for his
gubernatorial candidacy. He
feels, however, that he (Rocke
feller) is campaigning on
state issues and thus Nixon's
support, while welcome,
would be more pertinent to
New York's congressional can
didates. This is a very fine line of
reasoning, almost as fine as
the line of reasoning by which
President Eisenhower bucks
the tradition of American uoli-
tics by insisting that a Presi
dent or a presidential nomi
nee must not attempt to influ
ence the nomination of a vice
presidential candidate to
share the party ticket with
him.
It was that Eisenhower line
of reasoning in 1956 so dis
tressed Nixon that he all but
withdrew from the contest for
the vice presidential nomina
tion some weeks before the
Republican National Conven
tion met in San Francisco. Ei
senhower is taking the same
position with respect to the
1960 Republican presidential
nomination.
There is no reason, how
ever, to suspect that Nixon in
1960 will be so frustrated or
disturbed by that situation as
he was in 1956.
Running Scared
The decision by Rockefeller
or his strategists against
bringing Nixon wholly into
the New York state campaign
this year could worry the vice
president considerably more
than Eisenhower's coy atti
tude is likely to disturb him.
Rockefeller is running scared
as befits a political novice.
Discusses
row's papers may carry the
story which starts: "Sen. Fog
horn today said . . ." ;
No one cares much whether
the senator actually voiced
these convictions, in Timbuk
tu or elsewhere, so long as he
stands behind what his press
release said he said. So a
press release is like currency.
It's not worth the paper its
printed on if he who issues it
doesn't stand squarely behind
it.
Since press releases are
self - serving devices, they
suffer, like our currency,
from an inflationary tenden
cy. Newsmen, therefore, are
careful to, examine them for
what they are really worth
and try to give the unsuspect
ing reader as complete and ac
curate a picture of what is in,
behind, under and back of
that innocent looking instru
mentality of public affairs.
JENKINS
TITHAT he says, of course, is
true enough, as far as it
goes. The trouble with it is
that it doesn't go quite far
enough. Mr. Meaney, I think,
is looking at Wall Street as
it was pictured by the cartoon
ists a couple of generations
ago w hen Wall. Streeters
were uniformly depicted as
paunchy men wearing Prince
Albert coats and white vests
and plug hats.
He might be surprised tq
know how many( of the se
curities that are sold on Wall
Street and' other financial
streets in America, including
La Salle street in Chicgo and
Sansome street in San Fran
cisco are OWNED on Amer
ica's Main streets, and out in
the suburbs and all over.
Corporate ownership in
our country is very widely
spread in these days.
A GOOD example of that is
the huge American Tele
phone & Telegraph Company.
Last year (1957) it -had
792,634 employees. t
In the same year, it had
1,605,046 share owners.
That is to say: y
For each employee ' of
A.T. & T. in 1957 there were
TWO OWNERS of A.T. & T.
shares.
THAT wasn't true a couple
of generations ago. ,
It is true now.
American big business is
changing. Its ownership is be
ing spread among all kinds of
people. No longer can we af
ford to look at only ONEside
of it. We now have to look at
BOTH sides.
Harriman was political ffesh
man in 1954 when he brought
off a really socko" political up
set by defeating for governor
Republican Sen. Irving M.
Ives.
Harriman squeaked
through by fewer than 12,000
votes but it was an astonish
ing victory, nevertheless. The
governor is a more formidable
candidate this year than four
years ago. Rockefeller needs
all the help he can get. It is
quite obvious that he believes
Nixon would not help him but,
more likely would hurt him
if the vice president entered
the New York-campaign.
Washington Report
By William S. White
THE IMBALANCE
Washington - The United
States is about to enter a nu
clear disarmament negotiation
of immense'
and subtle
1 danger to the
j free world at
a very bad
time and in
circumstances
that could
hardly be
worse.
These discus
es- MS - .re- . , ,
wiiiiam s uhii sions. mainly
between us, Great Britain and
the Soviet Union, open in
Geneva Oct. 31. This will be
on the eve of our Congres
sional elections, which will
cap a Campaign where
"peace" has been almost as
powerful an issue as plenty.
The Eisenhower administra
tion has long been under de
mands, sometimes from our
allies and always from neu
tralists such as India, to agree
to some unqualified step to
ward a permanent halt of nu
clear tests.
Now to these .old pressures
will be ' added the domestic
pressures arising from the
elections here. Nobody runs
in favor of sin. And almost
nobody of any vast political
influence is prepared publicly
to take a position for indefi
nitely continuing tests that do
release to some degree an un
deniably nasty poison.
TkTFVKRTHELESS. anv long-
term nuclear cessation
could not possibly be in the
true interests of the West un
less ,it were accompanied-as
it will not be - by Kussian
agreements for: ;
1. At least a start toward
disarmament in old-fashioned
weapons like tanks and air
craft and infantry. These can
still kill people, though it is
often forgotten.
2. A dependable interna
tional nuclear policing sys
ffiti
For the unpleasant fact is
that in conventional arms the
Russians are far more power
ful than the West. They nave
np'rhans 500 divisions of ei
fective troops as against per
haps 100 at most for the West.
And they occupy a massive
continental position as against
the dispersed positions of the
West.
Thus the Soviet Union
rmiM enter nuclear disarma
mpnt in cood faith and still
wind up with an intolerable
military imbalance on its side.
Manv here and in Western
Europe choose not to look at
this harsh reality -but this
'averting of heads will not
make it go "away;
'
THIS is a case in which , a
six-footer offers to put
down his knife if his five-foot
adversary will do the same.
It is the logic of the old story
about the law that was abso
lutely even-handed:, it allow
ed the rich and poor alike to
sleep in the public parks. . .
This view is. held here
though rarely expressed -by
men who do not really dislike
peace or cherish atomic fall
out, and do not really see a
Communist under every bed.
Nevertheless, astonishingly, it
MEET
JOE
At the Candidates' Fair
at
HEDRICK HIGH
. If that judgment is politic
ally sound, it shadows consid
erably the hitherto bright Nix
on prospects for 1960. For ex
ample, if Rockefeller should
be elected governor next
month, he would control the
big New York delegation to
the 1960 Republican National
Convention". Rockefeller
would not be likely to accept
Nixon as the party's presiden
tial nominee if he regarded the
vice president a political li
ability in New York state.
Nixon's speeches have been
largely to raise campaign
funds, of which Rockefeller
doubtless has plenty.
has never been strongly ex
plained or widely propagated
even in this country, so, we
eo to Geneva far behind in a
propaganda struggle of the
cold war.
And it is largely our own
fault. True, the world's Neh-
rus would in any case insist
that everybody lay down the
atomic weapon at once. But
India-and others like India-
has a thoroughly honorable
but thoroughly foolish obses
sion against power itself.
Many, here and abroad, would
not be willing so fearfully to
mortgage their own security
if only they knew the essen
tial truth:
- -1
rpHEY do not know the truth
J- hpoansp there has been a
great failure of leadership.
And to recover the position is
no job for the generals-for
they are the brass ana, or
course, not to be trusted. Nor
is it a job for the diplomats;
these know the present score
but not how to win the game.-
This is a job for a great
professional politician with
the skill to persuade masses
of people to accept the sweat
in hopes of avoiding the tears.
Here is an opportunity to
head the unpopularity ticket
as of 1958-but perhaps to help
save the world as of 1968.
This is the hour for . some
American, or simply Western,
politician to rise and tell the
somber facts as Winston
Churchill told them to Britain
When Hitler was rising...
And it may be too late al
ready. There is military in-telligence-not
wholly con
firmed but still chilling-that
already the Russians are sep
arating their iield forces so
that some bear no kind of
atomic arms. This would seem
to indicate that they antici
pate an atomic arms laydown
and are making ready to ex
ploit the total power imbal
ance' between West and East
that would then result.
(Copyright, 1958. by United
Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
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