1
4 Tued"ay, September' 16. 1938
MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE.
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Flight 'o Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30 and
40 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Sept. 16. 1948, (Thuriday)
A livestock auction and
presentation of special awards
conclude the Jackson county
4-H club fair tonight.
A $30,000 sale involving 52
head of horses at an average
of $595 per head was con
ducted Tuesday night at the
Snowy Butte ranch of John
Cupp-
20 YEARS AGO
Sept. 16. 1938 (Friday)
Congressman Clarence F.
Lea of Santa Rosa, Calif., ad
dresses a luncheon of the
Northwest Aviation Planning
Council conference.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "Citi
zens are reported roaming the
timber with rifles, on the eve,
or nearly so, of the deer sea
ion. They claim, they are not
, hunters, or hunting. If a deer
grabs the gun and" commits
iuicide, that's different.".
SO YEARS AGO
Sept. 16, 1928 (Sunday)
The first Interstate Sports
men conference will be held
here next week, it's purpose
a discussion of fish and game
conservation.
One of the best race pro
grams of the four-day Jackson
county fair was held yester
day with six races taking
place.
40 YEARS AGO
Sept. 16, 1918 (Monday)
"Parlor, Bedroom and
Bath," first road show of the
theater tonight.
Teams for the Salvation
Army drive have been chos
en. What's Your I.Q.?
Nine er ten correct is superior;
even, or eight is excellent; five or
six is good.
1. In which State is Notre
Dame University?
2. Does a spider have six,
or eight, legs?
3. The planet Neptune is
larger, or smaller, than the
earth?
4. By presidential proclama
tion, what date in October is
set for the observance of
United Nations Day?
5. The lower portion of
South America extends far
ther south than the lower por
tion of Africa; true or false?
6. A young deer is called a
1--.?
7. Who was Secretary of
State when the United States
declared war on the Axis
powers?
8. Which State in the Union
Is located nearest to the North
Pole?
9. Ambergris is obtained
from amber, whales, or musk
oxen?
10. What were the colors of
the uniforms worn by the
Federal and Confederate sol
diers during the War between
the States?
Answers: 1. Indiana. 2.
Eight legs 3. Larger. 4. Oct.
24. 5. True. 6. Fawn. 7. Cor
dell Hull. 8. Minnesota. 9.
Whales. 10. Federal blue;
Confederate gray.
EXCHANGE PROGRAM
Washington UPD- The State
TVnartment'says the United
States . and Russia will ex
change major exnions oi
gcientific, technical and cul
tural accomplishments in New
York and Moscow nexi year
Two Marriages
There was a startling contrast in two series of
stories in the news last week.
Debbie Reynolds and Eddie Fisher, who be
gan an "ideal" marriage three years ago, finally
broke up in a blaze of publicity which also in
volved Liz Taylor.
And Sir Winston and Lady Churchill quietly
celebrated the 50th anniversary of a marriage
which, in 1908, was given "little chance."
. -
"117HAT went wrong with the "ideal" marriage?
" What went right with the one given "little
chance" of success?
First of all let us grant that Hollywood mar
riages are difficult enough to make last. They
are surrounded by an aura of hero-worship and
fandom in an industry which thrives on vast
reams of publicity.
When every, spat and reconciliation is the
meat for gossip columnists; when the partners
are thrown with other men and women, most of
them glamorous, attractive and personable ; when
the marriage is made in surroundings which have
a set of moral values which seem warped to the
ordinary observer in such a case it is difficult
enough to retain a balanced outlook on the sacred
institution of matrimony.
COME Hollywoodites have managed it.
The late Ronald Coleman and his wife were
happily wedded for many years. Jimmy Stewart
and his wife appear to be making a notable suc
cess of their marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Gary Coop
er, Mr. and Mrs. Jack Benny, Mr. and Mrs. George
Bums, and quite a few other members of the mo
vie colony lead married lives which are stable and
enviable.
Others have been less fortunate (if that is
the word) in resisting the combination of pres
sures wThich make marriage in Hollywood seem
almost a travesty of what it should be. ,
'IIT'HAT is it that makes a successful marriage?
What is the principal ingredient which per
mitted Sir Winston and his wifp "PWrmV tn
live for half a. century
pei-mniea me great man to say, "We were mar
ried and lived happily ever after"?
There are many things necessary to happy
marriage, and we will not venture into the role
of a family counselor and try to enumerate them.
But it does seem to us that the chief nnp is mu
tual respect respect for
'"uivmudj, wiui muiviuuai ueeas ana an in
dividual role.
Lady Churchill respected her husband, and
the intense, sometimes almost overpowering, de
mands made on him in his role as a public figure.
And Sir -Winston respected his wife, and shower
ed upon her the thoughtf ulness, the courtesies, the
attention to which he knew she was entitled.
.
flTHOUT mutual respect, a marriage is noth-
With it, there is a basis
ment, -for accommodation of all the petty, nag
ging disharmonies which have wrecked more
marriages than all the "romantic triangles" in
history.
Glamor, romantic "love" as sepn in t.hp mo
vies, physical attraction these are not enough
to form the firm cement of a lasting marriage.
They do no harm, but in themselves thev are not
sufficient.
Without mutual resDect. either to beo-in with.
or acauired the hard wav. no marriae-p. pan bp
naPPy and few can last.
1 1
no marriage is nopeiess.
Metric System
We doubt that this countiy, in the foreseeable
future, will adopt the logical metric system, any
more than it will adopt a logical calendar.
There's just too much time, money and effort
as well as sentimental attachment tied up in
the existing haphazard systems of linear meas
urement. '
Inches, feet, yards, rods, chains and miles
follow no particular logical pattern. They simply
"grew" from a variety of sources. But they are
so imbedded in common usage and acceptance
that to change now to centimeters, meters, and
kilometers would be a difficult thing to do.
rESPITE the difficulties, Japan is making a
change to the metric system, effective Oct. 1.
The government is taking it seriously, too, and
will levy a fine of 50,000 yen ($138.89) on those
who insist upon using the old system after that
date.
The difficulties in Japan, an ancient land, will
be f ormidable, probably more so than they would
be in this- nation.
Think of all the legal descriptions, the deeds,
maps, plats, and other official documents which
would either have to be changed, or at any rate
converted into the new measurements if and
when they became active again.
TTHE same applies to weights the use of grams
and kilograms instead of ounces and pounds
and liquid measure the use of liters instead of
quarts and so on.
The Oregon Statesman comments that "We
think of ourselves as a young country, and jet
we are so set in our ways we refuse to consider
seriously conversion to a simpler system of mea
surements . . . Perhaps our aversion to change is a
measure of our middle-aged spread."
The reluctance, however, is probably more
apathy and inertia than anything else. It's just
that we haven't sufficient motivation to make
the effort to change. E.A.
in harmony, and which
the marriage partner as
for growth, for adjust
But given mutual respect,
1-1 A
u.a.
Dennis the Menace
Y0U GOT -ANYTHING THAT WILL GRXV HAIR ON A WHITE RTS TAIL?'
Matter of Fact , josePh aiSoP
ARTILLERY BARS
THE DOOR
Tainan, Formosa The best
commentary on the Presi
dents' great speech that this
reporter can
offer must be
gin with a
p r etty unim
p o r t ant per
sonal experi
ence. At. 2:30
a.m. Satu r
day, we - set
off for Que
rn o y, Keyes
jos-ph aisop Beech of "The.
Chicago Daily . News," Jim
Bell of "Time" and a mixed
bag of others motivated by
the good old rule: "Better go
and have a look." .
It was one of those wartime
departures that make you feel
your age haste and horribly
early rising at the outset; dis
tribution of tin hats and other
mild drama at the airport;
and then an interminable,
weary wait followed by a
bumpy takeoff in pitch dark
ness, in a raddled old C-46
that looked like a plain,
dumpy woman whom the
years have dealt with un
kindly. All the same, we were
cheerful at takeoff and
throughout the ' long flight
across the Formosa Strait.
The word , at Taipei, wrong
as the word in all higher
headquarters, was that the
Communist gunners were
letting the airstrip on the
Quemoy Beach pretty much
alone.
.
SO IT WAS a sharp surprise
when the lanky veteran
Chinese captain came back
from the cockpit, a few min
utes before our landing time,
to tell us we had been or
dered to turn back. All the
Quemoy beaches, he said, had
been under heavy fire for
the last 24 hours. Our des
tined beach was a honeycomb
of shellholes, and Quemoy
ground control guessed that
7,000 round had landed there
in the past hour.
We all felt the mixed dis
appointment and relief that
is best summed up by- the old
story of the respectable, mid
Nineteenth Century Lady Jer
sey. Staying once in a remote
district in North England, she
found she had to drive 12
miles to the small country
church. When the big carri
age arrived, there was no
service. So Lady Jersey or
dered the footman to leave
her calling card under the
church door, and directed the
carriage homewards with the
remark:
"Well, children, at least
we've done the civil thing."
HERE at Tainan, the last
minute effort to beef up
the Chinese Air Force has
abruptly increased the Ameri
can contingent" from 100 to
500 men. Hence facilities are
a bit strained. Yet the clear
eyed C-46-load was received
with the customary hospital
ity of American soldiers in
wartime. Coffee, strong and
hot and by the gallon, is a
remarkable restorative, even
when you are feeling empty
and let down and all too con
scious of no sleep, no shave
and no accomplishment.
After the coffee, came an
other interminable wait, in
this case to hear whether we
could try Quemoy again or
must go back to Taipei. (The
wait is still going on as these
words are written, but the
captain says the '. betting is
ninety-nine to one on Taipei,
since the artillery barrage on
the Quemoy beaches is appar
ently continuing.) But this
wait has not been so weary,
because the C-46-load is pretty
well composed of veterans.
So here, in- the idle talk
of the men waiting on the
dusty airstrip, we have had
bloody Tarawa and bloody
Iwo Jima those place names
so glory-gilded, that they all
but dazzle to this day. We
have had the Normandy
t
' .
i
ilk V
beaches, and Bastogne, and
the story of a brash Ameri
can reporter who tried to
make the exceptionally tough
but dignified Chinese com
mander on Quemoy talk like
Gen. MacAuliffe. (Chinese
charged with high missions
just do not say "nuts" under
any circumstances.)
YlfE ' HAVE -had the first
' chancy months in Korea,
and the briUiant landing at
Inchon, and what came after.
"By god, there was an army!"
said one good judge of the
battle - hardened men who
were not allowed to win in
the end.
From an American pilot on
training duty here, we have
had the story of the superb
success of the Chinese Na
tionalist pilots, fighting the
Communist MIG - 17's with
their obsolescent F-86's with
the tactics Chennault invent
ed for.P-40's against Zeroes.
And we have had other tales,
all of them stirring, all of
them comforting, except for
the unheroic and macabre
story of American policy in
China in wartime, contributed
by this reporter.
On the surface, it has been
a wasted day following an
aborted mission. But has this
day been really wasted?
.
NOT altogether, is the an
swer. In the first place,
the failure of the mission re
vealed the key problem out
here-the blockade of Quemoy,
which is not a simple naval
blockade but a very rough
artillery blockade. The Chi
nese Nationalists, who are
enormously out-gunned, can
not break this artillery block
ade. If Secretary Dulles can
not secure a cease-fire by
diplomacy, President Eisen
hower will almost surely have
to make a hard choice. He
will either have to break this
blockade with American pow
er or accept failure in this
final test of A m e r i c a's
strength of will, which he has
so nobly expressed.
And this day has not been
wasted in another way, too.
Often in the past, one has
wanted to write the President,
"Mr. President, how much
you can do, if you Will only
use" your powers and the pow
er of your office!" But the
talk on the airstrip has sug
gested another letter, "Mr.
President, how much the
country that you lead can do,
if you will only summon up
its powers!"
Copyright 1958, New York
Herald Tribune Inc.
Filmland Triangle
Action Delayed
Hollywood-dJPD-Troubles of
Debbie Reynolds and Eddie
Fisher, faithfully recorded in
thousands of words over a hec
tic week were little more than
an "ahem" today, in filmland
conversation.
The three in the domestic
drama, Debbie, Eddie and
lovely Elizabeth Taylor
weren't talking, and action on
the legal front was being de
layed to "give the case a rest."
Debbie, 26, the mother of
two, was preparing for the
start of a movie later this
month. Fisher was rehearsing
his television program and
Miss Taylor was in seclusion.
One week after Fisher had
returned from New York
dates with Liz, he and Miss
Reynolds had ridden out a
crest of publicity, which
chronicled their separation
and decision to get a divorce.
"This case is going to be at
rest for quite a while," said
attorney Frank B. Belcher,
representing Debbie. "There's
going to be nothing doing on
it for quite a period.
ARTIST DIES
Londay (HPD Artist Ste
phen- Boyd, 43, died Monday.
Some Experts Believe Red China Almost
Hysterical
Editor's note: Earnest Hober-
echt, United Press International
vice president for Asia, outlines
In the following dispatch the rea
sons for Peiping's current drive
to enter the United Nations.
By EARNEST HOBERECHT
UPI Correspondent
Tokyo -UPD-Many top Asian
experts believe the Chinese
Communists want United Na
tions recognition so badly
they are almost hysterical and
likely to do something des
perate because their desire
has been frustrated.
There even are those who
think the Chinese Reds -despite
Peiping's constant denials-are
anxious to win U.S.
recognition.
A large number of students
of Asian affairs share the be
lief that the Chinese Com
munists whipped up the cur
Communications
Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer,
although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial
for publication is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to
edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letters
submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters
printed in this column do not necessarily represent the views of the
aaper; in fact the contrary i often the case.
Guard Being Squeezed?
To the Editor: The following
letter has been sent to Gov.
Robert Holmes:
Dear Governor Holmes: I
have been following discus
sions in the papers about a
considerable, part of the Na
tional Guard being required
to drill on Sunday twice a
month. These men signed up
for one evening drill of two
hours a week and are now
being required to drill more
than twice as much time, for
the same pay.
I enclose a clipping from
the Medford Mail Tribune.
Captain Reibe, commander of
'A' Company in Medford,
wrote an article attempting to
whitewash the Sunday drill.
The head of the Army Re
serve called him to account
for misrepresenting the facts,
and reminding everyone that
a young man can fulfill his
military obligation just as
well and much easier in the
Army Reserve. The Army re
serve still has its regular
weekly evening driU.
It seems to me that there
has been a definite movement
in the past year or two to
crowd out the National Guard
and let the Army Reserve
take its place. I have it on
what should be good authori
ty that when money was ap
propriated for National Guard
training camp,- there was less
than half enough money pro
vided to pay for six months
training for enough recruits
to keep the Guard up to auth
orized strength. The Guard
is being reorganized and some
units soon will be eliminated
entirely. Now the Guardsmen
have to put in 19 hours a
month at drills, and give up
half of their Sundays. (I know
they say 8 hours a Sunday,
but the men are ordered to
report at 7:30 a.m. and not
dismissed until . 5 p.m. or
later.)
But what about the men
who haven't joined either yet?
Will anyone join the Guards
from now on if he can get
just the same deal from the
Reserves for less than half
the time expended? What
about the men whose enlist
ments are expiring? Will they
re-enlist in the Guards, or
join the Army Reserve? Then,
when the National Guard has
dwindled in number until it
is too small to exist as a mili
tary organization, what will
the State of Oregon do for a
military force? The National
Guard of Oregon is not just
a branch of the U.S. Army.
It is our State's own and only
fighting force, the only body
of men larger than the State
Police which any Governor
has at his disposal in case of
need. I believe you should do
everything in your power to
stop its being crowded out of
existence.
Thelma M. Taylor
166 Nob Hill st.
Ashland
On "Photo Quia"
To the Editor: It has been
quite interesting to look at
those old-time pictures in your
Photo Quiz series. However,
am surprised at some of th3
identifications which have
been' awarded as correct, but
which, as a matter of fact,
were decidedly not correct.
Evidently your judges were
not old-time residents.
For instance, in the No. 6
(final) Photo Quiz series, pic
ture No. 10, the building in
the right foreground is not
the R.R.V.R.R. depot, as stat
ed, but is the "Rogue River
Nursery" (horticulture stock)
and the building at the left
background, behind the loco
motive, is not the S. P. depot,
as stated, but is the home of
the Medford Commercial club,
and exhibit building, the de
pot was a block north and in
its present location.
i Also, picture No. 4 of this
same series, the building with
the bay window shown behind
Mr. Beck entering his private
dray, was not Swem's gift
shop, at that time, but was
in Desire
rent Formosa crisis primarily
to get the stalled U.S.-Com-munist
China talks going
again.
If this was the case, the
Communists have managed
to "shoot" their way to at
least one conference table for
the Americans and Chinese
Communists reopened nego
tiations in Warsaw Monday.
Few people think the Chin
ese Communists are going to
be satisfied with the Warsaw
level talks. They are going
to want more. What they real
ly want, many believe, is to
be accepted as equals by the
rest of the world.
Wants Respectability
"In his old age, Mao Tze
Tung wants respectability," a
Western diplomat observed
Ed Wilkinson's meat market.
No. 5 Photo Quiz picture
No. 9 is not a picture of the
Nash hotel nor even a picture
of Medford.
No. 1 Photo Quiz, building
with belfry is not the S. O.
college first building, but
could be the first building of
the Ashland Normal school,
and their later building now
housing the S. O. college,
where it first opened its doors
many years later.
No. 4 Photo Quiz the pic
ture of A. S. Bliton, was when
he was editor of the ."Med
ford Mail." It has always been
by that name, never Southern
I Oregon Mail. I was a typeset
ter for the paper around that
time.
Was looking forward to
more pictures being shown.
Hope you are not too
"huffed" to print this.
Henrietta Medynski
316 North Central ave.
Medford.
(Editor's note: Far from be
ing "huffed," we greatly ap
preciate the interest aroused
by the old-time pictures print
ed in the Mail Tribune's "Pho
to Quiz." It was a difficult
job to assemble the pictures
and to provide correct identi
fications, for in many cases
there was disagreement, even
among the "old timers"" who
lived in the city at the time.
We should point out to our
correspondent that the quiz
picture were multiple-choice,
with some wrong identifica
tions deliberately included
under the pictures. As for the
answers, we are convinced of
the accuracy of each, on the
basis of "positive" identifica
tion by people who are in a
position to know.)
Rotary Suit Sale
To the Editor: We wish to
express our sincere gratitude
to your staff for your kind
assistance with the Medford
Rotary Suit Sale.
Without your help I am
sure the sale would not have
been the success it was. Many
thanks.
K. W. Cook,
Medford Rotary club.
Coffee
To the Editor: Mail from
a scientist friend on safari in
Ethopia recalls writer's own
adventures in coffee lands:
Orizaba, Guatemala, Brazil,
yesteryear Java, also Somali
land, whence said professor
writes. '
It was in that part of Afri
ca we heard the folkstory of
the origin of coffee drinking.
An illiterate shepherd had
trouble with his flock. They
were restless, night after
night. He consulted a Coptic
priest. Latter said: "Bring me
samples of their food plants."
All were of one kind-the chap
arral which is wild coffee.
The priest brewed a drink
of the berries and leaves. Then
he slept poorly. He advised
the shepherd to move to a dif
ferent pasture, Later his mon
astery commenced' selling a
wonderfully stimulating pow
der. It was roasted, ground
coffee beans. The coffee trade
had begun!
If you want to hear the
yarn yourself, go to Somali
land where the undersized
natives dye their fuzzy hair
Vermillion or canary or, (if
they have recently completed
the Mecca pilgrimage) the
holy green.
C. M. Goethe
Seventh and J. sts.
Sacramento 14, Calif.
Liked Letters
To the Editor: Thank you
for your article about my ill
ness. The response was tre
mendous. It was marvelous to
hear from so many at home
while in the hospital.
I feel quite well now, and
shall be able to sail for home
Oct. 16.
" After more than a year of
so many different lands and
peoples, it will be so nice to
be back in the U.S.A.
Walter H. Knight
Paris, France
for Recognition
when discussing the China
problem.
He pointed out that the
Chinese never have consider
ed themselves inferior to any
body. He said some statements
by the Chinese Communist
press and radio indicate they
are practically hysterical on
the subject of recognition -not
only diplomatic recogni
tion but also recognition ' as
being equal, important and a
major power.
A Japanese industrialist ob
served the other evening that
the Chinese Communists may
be trying to throw their
weight around because they
do not have real knowledge
of world affairs, especially, the
strength of the United States.
"Sometimes," he said, "the
Chinese Communist leaders
sound like the Japanese mili
tarists who led Japan to the
biggest defeat in her history."
Working Both Ends
There still are some obser
vers in Asia who believe that
Russia may be encouraging
the Chinese Reds on one hand
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
The Supreme Court of the
United States rules that inte
gration (meaning admission
of both white and colored stu
dents) at Central High school
in Little Rock, Ark., must
proceed WITHOUT DELAY.
The. case came before the
nation's highest court as the
result of an appeal from the
Little Rock school board for
a delay of 2V4 years. The
court denied the request for
delay. The immediate effect
of the ruling is that seven
Negroes who wish to attend
must be admitted when the
school opens.
Chief Justice Warren says
the decision of the court was
unanimous.
II7HAT shall we say of the
decision?
We might Avith good logic
say that the justices of the
Supreme Court may have
been reading their Bibles-
seeking, perhaps, to find
guidance therein.
If so, they may have found
what they were seeking in
the concluding verses of the
ninth chapter of St. Luke, in
which it is related that mem
bers of the multitude were
questioning Jesus as to what
they should do, in difficult
circumstances, in order to be
saved.
ST. LUKE tells it thus:
"And He said unto an
other, follow me. But he said
Lord, suffer me first to go
and bury my father.
"Jesus said unto him, Let
the dead bury their dead, but
go thou and preach the king
dom of God.
"And another also said,
Lord, I will follow thee, but
let me first go and bid them
farewell which are at home
in my house.
"And Jesus said unto him,
No man, HAVING PUT HIS
HAND TO THE PLOUGH,
AND LOOKING BACK, is
fit for the kingdom of God."
THAT is to say:
If you are going to do it,
DO IT NOW.
The decision of the Su
preme Court, in this grave
imatter of racial integration,
is to do it NOW.
IN its original decision, the
high court called for inte
gration of the races "with all
deliberate speed."
One can wish there had
been more emphasis on DE
LIBERATE and less on
SPEED.
But
There were rrany who
Counsel With . . .
Mr. Insurance Fred Brennan
Fred Brennan
Or Call
Mr. Friendly
Bill Fish
Phone SP 3-7343
MEDFORD
INSURANCE
AGENCY
27 NORTH HOLLY ST.
while giving Peiping bad ad
vice on the other.
They contend Russia does
not really want Communist
China to be accepted. They
contend this would be against
Russia's interests and Russia
likes the situation just as it
is-for it makes it easier for
Russia to hold the China
mainland in the Red camp.
It is their theory - shared
by many British - that Com
munist China might lean., a
bit away from Russia and
might lean p. bit more toward
the West if Red China once
got to associating on a large
scale with other people and
began getting ideas from oth
er sources.
On the other.side of the ar
gument, there are those who
believe the free nations
would be selling many of
their allies-and some neutrals
-down the river if they made
a deal with the Chinese Com
munists who still wear the
label of "aggressor" which
was pinned on them by the
United Nations.
wished that the abomination
oi human slavery in the Unit
ed States of America could
have been done away with
more deliberately. But it
wasn't done that way. It was
done at one stroke by the
Emancipation Proclamation.
At this distance of nearly
a century I think no one re
grets that it was done terri
ble though the cost of doing
away with it was.
TN their Declaration of Inde
i pendente which embodied
one of the gravest decisions
of our history our Founding
Fathers wrote:
"We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are
CREATED EQUAL, that they
are endowed by their cre
ator with certain inalienable
rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the PUR
SUIT OF HAPPINESS. That
to secure rights governments
are instituted among men, de
riving their just powers from
the consent of the governed."
AND
Having put their hands to
the plough, the Founding
Fathers didn't turn back..
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MONEY
At Crater Finance you may
borrow for any worth
while purpose on your
FURNITURE - AUTO
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, 135 Pine Street
Central Point
Phone NO 4-1273
Frank Wilkinson, Mgr.
Convenient Parking
HELP! HELP! HELP!
If you need it we have it! HELP
with insurance problems on
your HOME, you FAMILY,
your CAR and your BUSINESS
without obligation. Now is the
time to bring your insurance
program up to date.
Bill Fish