o
3) MAIL TRIBUNE, MtdforJ, Oregon, WdnttJy, July U, 1958
o
Training ScDiedule lor First
Bacteria Becoming Resistant To
iotics Worries Scientists
I VV
; ' By DELOS SMITH
! UPI Scienc Editor
: New York (UPI) Medical
science is so worried over
subtribes of disease - causing
bacteria get
ting wise to
its most effec
tive way of
killing them
that it has
needled the
governm e n t
into acting.
&ZA U.S. Surgean
VtZTijL General L e-
Deioi smitu roy E. Burney
is sponsoring a medical-hos
pital conference in September
to go ito this deepening
problem. Simply stated, the
problem isQthis: disease-caus
ing bacteria ar,e being educat
ed in how to live and flourish
In the presence of the antibi
otic drugs.
- This education is being ad
ministered by physicians and
often in hospitals unwilling
ly and usually unwittingly, of
course. It is a pity because
the antibiotics (penicillin is
the best known) are the most
miraculous of the "miracle
drugs."
Adapt Selves to Drug
.-, Medical science tes never
had other bacteria - killers
nearly aspeffective as these.
"But wherewill we be if and
when the day comes when all
bacteria are able to resist all
the antibiotics without the
'slightest harm either to them
selves or their prodigious re
productive capacity.
Say you have a human
body in which there are x-bil-lion
bacteria making it very
sick. You inject an antibiotic.
It kills all the billions, presto,
and the body rebounds into
health. But if you repeat it
often enough in enough bod
you're going to run into a
relatively few bacteria which
adapt themselves to the drug.
These few become parents
of a new sub-tribe of their
kind, all of whose members
are resistant to that particu
lar antibiotic. This is going on
right now. More and more of
these bacterial strains are ap
pearing around the country;
indeed, around the world.
Not the Answer
They still are a very small
minority of disease-causing
bacteria, and the comrrton
way of dealing with them is
to inject a different antibiotic
one to which they are not
resistant. But that permits
LEFT OUT Mrs. Jessica
Freeman-Mitford Truehaft,
wife of Oakland, Calif., at
torney, and sister-in-law of
British Fascist Sir Oswald
Mosley, was pointedly disin
herited in will of her late
father because her political
sympathies differed from
those of her father and her
brother-in-law.
them to acquire even more
education. Strains now are in
existence that resist as many
as five antibiotics which for
merly killed them.
Medical science feels the
answer can't be a new antibi
otic indefinitely. Antibiotics
comes from chemical stews
produced by earth molds.
Many kill people as well as
bacteria; only a very few are
potentially usable as drugs.
Thus the day can come when
most disease-causing bacteria
are "resistant" to all antibi
otics and there is no new an
tibiotic to save the day.
' Physicians use antibiotics
in copious quantities. Hospi
tals teem with them. If you
have an effective- weapon,
you're going to use it fully
and often, naturally. But the
more the antibiotic weapon is
used, the greater is the chance
of it becoming progressively
less effective.
Thrive in Hospitals
Small epidemics of illness
es caused by resistant bacte
ria now appear occasionally
in hospitals. They're quickly
put down with a newer anti
biotic, but they show what's
going on. Bacteria are every
where, even in hospitals, and
so hospitals are places where
bacteria get educated, since
all the antibiotics are always
around.
Leaders of medical science
believe the antibiotics should
be used against offending bac
teria only when the need is
great and nothing else will
do. Hospitals should rely
more on older drugs and old
er methods for holding down
the bacterial population to
the barest minimum and less
on antibiotics, they say.
Joseph Haydn, the great
Austrian composer, was a
chorister in Vienna at the age
of 12.
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Doctors Awate
Pilot Can Stand
Forces Imposed
Editor'! note: Following is the
third of five articles on plans of
the United States to send a man
into outer space. In previous arti
cles Author Martin Caidin wrote
that haste is essential if this coun
try hopes to beat Russia as the first
nation to rocket a man into space.
The first man to attempt the feat
will be a perfect physical specimen
and will be found in the ranks of
test pilots, according to Caidin.
By MARTIN CAIDIN
(Written for United Press
International)
(Copyright 1958 by UPI)
The training schedule for
Jim Randall's first flight be
yond the earth was so de
manding physically that the
average man would have re
garded the punishment as
sheer torture.
There are no second chanc
es on this space mission; the
doctors know that Randall
can withstand the forces im
posed by his rocket plane's
performance. Further, his su
periors know he is able to
operate controls and equip
ment during those same mo
ments when he may be suffer
ing most severely.
Can he take high gravity
forces? In a jet fighter, a
steep turn at high speed im
poses tremendous loads
, (g-loads) on a pilot's body. As
a jet pilot Randall has taken
as high as 9-g's, when with
his personal flying equipment
his body weighed nearly a
ton. Can he take 14-g's?
Placed in Centrifuge
To find out, scientists plac
ed him in a centrifuge, a giant
machine that was . whirled
around rapidly. At the end of
long steel girders rode an en
closed cabin, simulating the
X-15. Inside Jim Randall was
whirled faster and faster. The
g-loads increased until Ran
dall's arms were like steel
bars. He could not move his
feet. His head seemed to be
imbedded in concrete. The
blood drained away from his
brain, forming a grey cloud
before his eyes. His heart
pounded madly, his chest
muscles could barely raise
his lungs. Finally, "weighing"
more than 3,000 pounds, Ran
dall blacked out.
The doctors were pleased.
Randall worked fingertip con
trols with his right hand up
to a force' nine times that of
gravity, much higher than
that required for his impend
ing space flight. But what
about the return to earth?
When Jim Randall's X-15
plunges back into the atmos
phere from space it will race
into air that resists the rock
et's performance as though it
were a thick and viscous
mass. The ship may decele
rate rapidly, slowing down
with such force that Randall
will be subjected to violent
punishment a deceleration
force of nine gravities.
Body Bursts Forward
But on that earthbound
day of testing, Randall re
turned to the centrifuge. With
a booming whine the great
machine began to whirl, spin
ning faster and faster. Sud
denly the control engineer
slammed on the brakes. With
in the sealed cabin, Randall's
body burst forward against
his restraining straps. The
pressure mounted with cruel
force. Blood pounded heavily
against his eyeballs. His skin
stretched and twisted into a
rubbery, grotesque mask.
Small blood vessels ruptured.
Finally, at a force just above
9-g's, he passed out. His lim
its of control operation were
carefully noted; the X-15 is
designed to fly with maxi
mum forces well below Ran
dall's limits.
His flight in space will be
in vacuum. Because the X-15
orbital flight is a crash pro
gram, the rocket is not de
signed for pilot comfort. The
pressurized cabin is small,
and Randall will wear his
pressure suit for the entire
mission. If the cabin suddenly
springs a leak and the air
rushes into space, the suit
will mean his life. Without
this suit pressure, the air in
Randall's body would explode
outward. Under zero-pressure
conditions his blood and oth
er body ' fluids would boil
with such violence that they
would literally explode. With
out his pressure suit Randall
would be unconscious in a
few seconds, dead in less than
15 seconds.
Decompression unamser I
Can he live, can he perform
his flight duties, in a tight
pressure suit? During his
preparation for the space
flight, the doctors placed Ran
dall in a decompression cham
ber, inflated the suit, and de
pressurized the chamber.
They kept Randall there for
two days, eating baby foods
and drinking liquids within
Space
the suit. After the first three
hours he perspired freely J
from the slightest movement.
"It was hell in there," he re
ported. But he could survive,
and he could control his
spaceship. Another hurdle
had been overcome.
During his orbit around the
earth, Jim Randall will be to
tally weightless. No human
being has ever been in a
weightless condition for long
er than 45 or 50 seconds. To
simulate zero gravity condi
tions, in readiness ftjr this,
Randall flew as a passenger
in a jet fighter. The pilot dove
the jet, then pulled up sharp
ly to swing into a great soar
ing arc in the sky. For as long
as 48 seconds, while the fight
er coasted "up and over,"
Randall was weightless. At
first he couldn't coordinate
his hands. Everything "seem
ed wrong." But after a dozen
flights weightlessness no long
er bothered him. The doctors
Flight
were elated, for Randall's nat
ural pilot instincts and con
tinued practice in the weight
lessness flights, meant he
would experience little or no
difficulties from zero gravity
in orbit.
For more than a year, while
he flew special test flights,
while he visited the North
American factory to keep
pace with the rocket plane's
construction, Randall contin
ued with his special medical
tests. Finally they were all
completed. He had passed ev
ery test that aviation and
space medicine could devise.
As much as any man on
earth could possibly be pre
pared, Jim Randall is ready
for the first manned space
flight in history.
(Next: Randall's ticket to
space.)
Both sea and lake sturgeon
live in the fresh waters of the
St. Lawrence river the year
round.
Physically
I
m
mum
Goldfine Tells of While House Visits
Washington (UPI) Ber
nard Goldfine said today that
he had visited the White
House a number of times in
this administration and once
lunched with White House
executives, including Presi
dent Eisenhower.
The Russian-born textile ty
coon told newsmen of his
White House visits after his
sixth round of testimony be
fore a House subcommittee
investigating whether his
firms got favored treatment
from federal agencies because
of his friendship with Presi
dential Assistant Sherman
Adams.
Portland (UPI) Word
has been received here of the
drowning of the Rev. Patrick
G. Madden, assistant at St.
Peter's Catholic Church here
during a visit to his native
Ireland.
Goldfine, holding fast to his
earlier refusal to answer cer
tain questions about his com
plicated financial dealings,
asked the - subcommittee to
halt its hearings pending a
ruling by a federal court on
whether the questions were
pertinent. The subcommittee
rejected this request.
New England's thousands
of ponds and lakes were form
ed during the retreat of the
continental ice sheet.
PLANER BLOX
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MEDICAL CENTER BLDG.
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for the Practice ;of General Surgery
Hours by Appointment Phone SP 3-6515
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