4 ThunJtv, April 10. 1958
MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE.
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Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10. 20, 30 and
40 years ago. "
10 YEARS AGO
April 10. 1948 (Sunday)
Arch Work, leader of
"Operation Sno-Cat Cascade,"
which was completed Friday,
reported yesterday no acci
dents had occurred in the 573
mile trek along the Cascades
to Greensprings summit.
A. W. Stevens, Medford,
was chosen commodore of the
Southern Oregorl boat club at
its reorganizational meeting
Thursday at the chamber of
commerce office.
20 YEARS AGO
April 10. 1938 (Sunday)
Grants Pass city council
voted Thursday night to assist
in financing a pick-up airmail
flight one day during national
airmail week.
From local and personal
column: "April issue of the
Southern Pacific bulletin con
tains a number of pictures of
recent California floods."
30 YEARS AGO
April 10, 1928 (Tuesday)
Modern lighting of Sixth
st, with new posts and lights
was recommended to be done
at once, as a result of the
Merchants' association meet
ing last night.
Fire Chief Roy Elliott is
said to be planning to attend
the Willos-Kelly hanging in
the state penitentiary at
Salem.
40 YEARS AGO
April 10, 1918 (Wednesday) v
The Liberty loan drive in
Ashland has gone over the
top, officials report.
Two women from Way
noke, Calif., have arrived in
Medford and will remain
here until the Oregon and
California railroad land grant
is opened up.
What's Ycur I.Q.
Nine or ten correct is superior;
seven or eight is excellent; five of
six is good.
1. Who was the Norwegian
whose activities in World War
II caused his name to become
a common synonym for trai
tor? 2. Bible: Where was Moses
when he received the ten com
mandments? 3. A fascinator is a head
covering, vehicle, or a cook
ing utensil?
4. Prisoners confined in the
Federal prisons wear black
and white striped uniforms;
true or false?
5. Name in order the last
three price ministers of Great
Britain who preceded Cle
ment A. Atlee. ..
6. What is the name for
young bees?
7. Chicago is located in the
Eastern, Central or Standard
time belt?
8. Complete the quotation
which begins, "And this is
good old Boston, The home of
the bean and cod, Where the
Lowells talk only to Ca
bots, .."
9. Hiawatha, Powhatan, or
King Philip was the father of
Pocahontas?
10. Who was the first horse
race jockey to win $2,000,000
in purses in a single year?
Answers: 1. Quisling.
2. Mount Sinai. 3. Head cover
ing. 4. False. 5. Winston
Churchill, Neville Chamber
lain, Stanley Baldwin. 6. Ny
mphs. 7. Central. 8. "And the
Cabots talk only to God."
9. Powhatan. 10. Willie Shoe
maker (1956).
Truth and Power
A hair-raising situation now exists in which a
small group of men who
tive process of government have nevertheless
assumed unprecedented powers for shaping na
tional policy outside their designated functions
The group is the Atomic Energy Commission.
It is the only agency of government which can
embark on programs that affect and even domi
nate economic policy, military policy, and 'for
eign policy. It is the only agency of government
which can decide how
the American people know about its operations
It is the only agency of government that can
evaluate its own perf ormance, exempt itself from
the consequences of its 'own errors, and shield
these errors from public
COME of the implications of these powers have
been brought into
recent incident.
First, some background. The danger of a run
away nuclear arms race culminating in conti
nental explosions is no longer a remote one. Mo-
mentum has a way of making its own decisions.-
The nuclear arsenals now contain weapons that
have gone far beyond military requirements. The
use of these weapons will produce not victory
but mutual suicide. The
what would . happen if
building decided to wage war against one an
other by setting fire to
themselves in. If victory in the contest between
democracy and Communism is to be found, there
fore, it will have to be
FEVISING a policy that
and freedom is the
complicated business in
must be made somewhere. It makes sense to ex-
pect that such a start should be in the field of
arms control. Not that arms control by itself will
give us enduring peace.
world law can create a
But arms control can at
the fuse points of a nuclear arms race. And one
good place to begin on any arms control program
is with a ban on further nuclear test explosions.
The Atomic Energy Commission, which manu
factures and tests the nuclear explosives, has been
Opposed to any ban on testing and, for that mat
ter, to any agreement on nuclear anus control.
The AEC has taken the flat position that such
agreements are unenforceable. It would be diffi
cult and perhaps impossible, spokesmen for the
AEC have declared, to detect nuclear explosions
if the Soviet were intent on keeping them secret.
By way of proving this point, the AEC pointed to
its own underground nuclear test experiment re
cently conducted in Nevada. Despite the devastat
ing underground effects, the explosion could not
be detected at a distance greater than 235 miles,
the AEC officially announced.
..
IF THIS were true, then the hope for nuclear
arms control would be a dim one indeed. But
Congressional initiative established that the AEC
statement is not true and
Nevada underground explosion was actually de
tected more than two thousand miles away, and
the AEC was so informed
Confronted with the
had falsified vital inf ormation, the AEC said that
the error was "inadvertent." What members of
the AEC did not explain, however, was why they
had used information to support a public posi
tion even though the information was false. Even
after the AEC apparently knew that the under
ground test had been detected at great distances,
it continued to tell news commentators and tele
vision producers that underground tests could be
carried out secretly.
I7RRORS, inadvertent' or otherwise, are under
"standable. What is completely irresponsible
and indeed reprehensible, however, is the use of
false inf ormation in connection with the advocacy
of national policy. For the AEC did not merely
circulate a report it knew to be false. It used that
false report as the basis for an attempt to win
the American public opinion over to its own
point of view.
Equally serious is the fact that the AEC has
been using its authority and influence to block
any program for world control over nuclear
weapons. And Dr. Edward Teller, who is promi
nently associated with the Atomic Energy Com
mission, has been attempting to reassure the
American people that nuclear testing can go on
indefinitely without danger a proposition that
the AEC's own reports do not support.
"1X7HAT is involved here is not merely a matter
" of public confidence in a government agency.
What is involved here are real and specific issues
concerned with the safety of life on earth. Cir
cumstances have contrived to make of the Atomic
Energy Commission one of the most powerful
agencies in our history. .We should no longer
delay bringing the AEC into the same framework
of checks and balances within which the rest of
the government has to operate. Certainly, a sepa
rate agency should be charged with the responsi
bility for evaluating the results of nuclear testing,
wThether with respect to radioactive fallout or the
question of detectability.
The fact that men of science are connected
with the AEC is not by itself sufficient assur
ance that wisdom and sanity will prevail. The
theory on which this government was set up was
that good government depends less on good men j
are not part of the elec-
much it is willing to let
scrutiny.
focus as the result of
situation is similar to
occupants of the same
the building after sealing
outside a nuclear war.
.
can achieve both peace
most important and most
the world. Yet a start
Nothing short. of effective
basis for enduring peace
least remove some of
indeed never was. The
at the time.
actual evidence that it
Dennis the Menace
' PeAHUT BUTTEf. DENNIS LOVES
FOOT B6EX.. OEMS iOVBS FOOT
CgNNIS0fl?S-... v
Today & Tomorrow
By Walter Lippmann
THE NORTH AFRICAN
NETTLE
There is at the moment a
no more thankless assign
ment for an American news
paperman
than to put to
gether his im-
p r e s sions of
France in her
relations with
North Africa.
For if he takes
things as they
appear to be,
trip pnn f 1 i r
Walter Lippmann . .,
v is lrrenconcil-
able and the problem of find
ing a solution is hopeless. The
crucial question for a foreign
observer is to decide how
much he can discount of what
he hears, how much he can
dare to think that there is
a compulsion in events which
will override opinions.
The situation in its elemen
tal-form consists of a guerrilla
war in Algeria with which
the bulk of the French Army
is involved. It is a war which
almost certainly cannot be
won and which in military
terms will surely not be lost.
The public life of metropoli
tan France is dominated, in
deed obsessed, by this horrid,
cruel, indecisive and intermi
nable war. The obsession has
produced a political1 candition
in France in which no gov
ernment believes it caii sur
vive if it considers a .nego
tiated settlement. All this has
reached a point where there
is the gravest doubt as to
whether the legal government
in Paris really controls the
whole of the Army or its own
appointed officials dealing
with Algeria in Paris and in
North Africa.
THE political climate in
North Africa, as I saw it
in Tunisia, is verging on des
peration. President Bourgui
ba, who certainly is the most
moderate and the most West
ern of Arab leaders, believes
that if there is no settlement
of - the Algeria:i war in the
near future, he may be over
whelmed and destroyed by a
fanaticism which follows Nas
ser. Tunisia, having ho army
to speak of, is incapable of
policing its long frontier with
Algeria. But even if Tunisia
could be neutral, it would not
dare to be neutral, so great
is the solidarity of the Arabs.
The political climate in
Paris is oppressive.. It re
minded me of Washington in
the heyday of McCarthy,
when man after man. in high
place would deplore the ter
ror privately and appease it
publicly. Under the French
version of McCarthyism any
one who disagrees . publicly
with the official policy as ad
ministered in Algiers has a
good chance of being called
a traitor. It resembles the time
when to express doubt about
Chiang Kai-shek was for an
American politician like ex
pressing doubt about the Unit
ed States. There is, moreover,
in France an- admixture of
race feeling so that a political
advocate of negotiations in
Algeria is rather like a white
man in Little Rock advocat
ing integration in the public
schools.
than upon good laws. Indeed, the easiest way for
good men to turn bad is to give them a privileged
position where their power can be used beyond
their own designated functions.
Nuclear bombs are
power in the modem world. They call for the
severest controls not only over the bombs them
selves, but over the men who have the authority
o make them.
(The above editorial
day Review, and was written by the editor,
Norman Cousins. Copyright 1958, reproduced by
permission,). .
PEANUT BUTTER. ASO GOMB
0P. AND FOT4TO CHIPS.
rFHIS is a dark picture, as I
have painted it, but I have
tried not to- exaggerate, and
I have refrained from putting
into it the anguished predic
tions of dictatorship and civil
war which are current in
Pais. As a matter of fact, hav
ing gotten out of the atmos
phere of Paris, I find myself
feeling not, I think,, through
any congenital optimism
that events may not follow
the horrid logic of the ap
parent situation.
For one thing, though the
war cannot now be settled
by a negotiated arrangement,
it is not unlikely, I think,
that in fact an arrangement
will develop. The essence of
the Algerian question is that
there are two communities
one white and European,, and
one dark and Moslem living
on the same land. The Euro
peans are in a minority and,
with the growth of the Mos
lem population, will become
an ever smaller minority. Yet
the Europeans are the strong
er and richer community,
and .they have powerful sup
port from the French home
land. -
A "democratic" solution is
impossible with this French
community outnumbered eight
to one. Therefore, it looks
as if the French will be driv
en to do in Algeria what was
done in Ireland, in Palestine,
in India-what has been done
so often where there are two
communities which cannot be
in fact, though perhaps not
in name, a partition of Algeria
with the French congregating
in the coastal regions and the
Moslems in the hinterland. In
all probability this will not
be peace in the sense that
there will be no more vio
lence, but it may mean a bare
ly tolerable arrangement.
TjVDR another thing, there
will appear, in fact, there
is already appearing, a pow
erful counteracting force to
the movement for independ
ence in the colonial countries.
The North African territories,
Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria,
are not capable of economic
independence. They are to an
extraordinary degree integrat
ed with and dependent upon
the subventions and the pro
tective devices of the French
economy. There are French
interests which profit by the
system. But for the French
nation as a whole, the North
African territories are not an
asset but a heavy liability.
In the modern world, more
over, the advanced states are
increasingly capable of using
for themselves their own capi
tal savings. The incentive to
export capital is decreasing,
and it tends to become, except
in special ' cases like oil, a
matter not of profit but of
benevolence and of public
policy.
- Parenthetically, the Ameri
can capacity to absorb capital
at home is the underlying rea
son why foreign aid is becom
ing increasingly unpopular in
the United States.
The moral for North Africa,
indeed for most, if not all,
former colonial territories is
that as they win their politi
cal independence they will
the quintessence of raw
appeared in the Satur
Matter of Fact By Joseph Alsop
HARRIMAN'S PIANO
ivew York One of tne
bits of dusty lumber that clut
ter this reporter's memory is
a mental picture of an ancient
advertisement . for a musical
correspondence course. It had
the pathetic
yet triumph
ant caption:
"They laugh
ed when I sat
down at the
piano."
- In a way, it
tells the
whole story
of W. Averill
Harriman in
politics.
Joseph Alsop '
The point of the advertise
ment was that the friends re
garded the lady in the pic
ture (who vaguely resembled
Lillian Gish) as a mere musi
cal stumblebum until she
dumbfounded them all with
the plangent loveliness of her
rendering of "Ramona."
In Gov. Harriman's case,
there was no correspondence
course, since you still have to
learn the practice of AmerK
can politics the hard way. But
there was ' almost universal
laughter at the political debut
of this grimly determined
man who used to suffer more
agony producing a five min
ute after-dinner speech than
any healthy peasant woman
would suffer producing trip
lets. Here in New York where
Harriman is preparing to run
for the governorship again
they are not laughing now.
TNDIGENOUS New York sta
ters have no doubt changed
their view of Harriman so
gradually that the elements
of humor and surprise in this
change have never struck
them. But any itinerant poli
tical observer, returning to
test the present New York
atmosphere against the atmos
phere of the past, must be
just as dumbfounded as the
friends of the Lillian Gish-
like lady in the advertisement.
Eloquence is not yet a
Harriman strong point, but in
all other respects Harriman
seems to have become one of
our era's more eminent and
adroit experts in the political
art. It is not" just that he is
generally thought to have
made a good Governor, it is
not just that he is popular in
the state. It is not just that
he is strongly favored to win
the Governorship again by a
far wider margin than the
hairs-breadth majority he got
last time.
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
Foreign aid note:
The U.S. views with regret
an Indonesian announcement
that the central government is
buying COMMUNIST iet
fighters and bombers. State de
partment spokesman Lincoln
White says the communist aid
is a communist attempt to ex
tend red influence in Indon
esia. TTMMMM. I imagine the tax
XM- payers will join in the re
grets.
This central Indonesian gov
ernment is the one that pull
ed loose from the Dutch and
set up on its own. We've been
showering it with aid money.
It has been playing footsie
with the communists for a
long time. It now has a revolu
tion on its hands because a lot
of Indonesians don't like com
munism. The Russians are sell
ing weapons to this central
government to enable it to
stay in power.
So our aid money has gone
down the drain.
You can't BUY friends. .
REPRESENTATIVE C h e t
. Hollifield of California is
worried over the air raid shel
ter program. He says there is
no national plan to insure the
survival of the public in case
of an enemy attack, so he is
proposing that the govern
ment spend five billion dollars
a year for five years a total
of 25 billion dollars to meet
the need.
He says his program con
templates building 'shelters of
reasonable strength and dur
ability in accessible locations
so that if the missiles start
falling the public will have
some place to go.
LET'S see. '
. It is generally agreed
that if the missiles carrying
atomic warheads start fall
ing there will be no warning.
So
If you're going to get any
REAL protection out of his
25 -billion- dollar investment
you'll have to LIVE IN THE
SHELTERS.
Personally, I believe I'd
rather take my chances and
save the money. ' ,
find it has become very hard
indeed to satisfy tneir needs
for capital. In the long run,
they will probably find that
not Russia alone, not even
Russia and the Western coun
tries combined, will supply
enough capital to provide
them with the material base
of complete independence.
Copyright 1958, New York
Herald Tribune Inc. ...
rpHE real point is that Har-
riman has acquired the
same degree of personal au
thority in the Democratic
Party here that Thomas E.
Dewey used to exercise, in
his steel trap-like way, in the
New York Republican party.
When Harriman surprised
everyone by winning the Gov
ernorship, he had two basic
political problems. His pres
ent authority rests on his suc
cessful solution of both of
them.
One problem was the situ
ation in normally Republican
upstate New York, where the
Democratic party was mori
bund and Harriman all but
lost the last election. By now,
there is no county fair in all
upstate New York at which
the Governor and his charm
ing wife have not admired
prize-winning jellies, giant
vegetables and fat cattle; in
fact, there are precious few
hamlets where Harriman has
not kissed at least one baby.
More important still, Gov.
Harrisman has revived the
party organization upstate,
and he has caused Democrat
ic candidates to appear in re
gions where Democratic can
didates used to be more ex
otically rare than live pea
cocks. rpHE other Harriman prob---
lem was his heavy debt to
the able boss who renovated
Tammany Hall, Carmine De
Sapio. It was DeSapio who
swung the nomination to
narriman in tne tirst in
stance. When the Harriman
administration began, the
smooth pro, DeSapio, was
widely expected to. run the
amateur in the Governor's
mansion. But now most peo
ple think Harriman runs De
Sapio, at least when it comes
to such statewide party mat
ters as the choice of a Sen
atorial candidate.
Who the Democratic Sen
ate candidate may be is pres
ently highly uncertain. One
possibility is former Secre
tary of the Air Force Thomas
K. Finletter, who very much
wants the nomination, and
would make an outstanding
Senator. Finletfer and Harri
man are old friends, who part
ed company when Finletter
supported Adlai Stevenson
against Harriman for the
Democratic nomination in
1956. Their difference has
been outwardly patched up,
but it may be significant all
the same. Another Senatorial
possibility, probably spawned
by DeSapio, is New York's
District Attorney Frank
Hogan, who should help the
ticket with the Irish voters
TUT in this uncertainty
about Senatorial candi
dates, one thing is pretty cer
tain. Harriman will finally
arrange the nomination of the
Senatorial candidate, after
careful testing and ruthless
reflection. He wiU pick the
man whom he thinks most
likely to win, making his
choice on the most unsenti
mental . basis, . because he
wants a Democratic sweep in
New York state in order to
achieve a commanding posi
tion at the Democratic Presi
dential convention in 1960.
The man most likely to be
charged with the task of pre
venting a Democratic sweep
is Nelson Rockefeller. With
the possible exception of Sen.
Javits (who owes Rockefeller
a major political debt), Rocke
feller is generally held to be
the man who will run best
against Harriman. There is
still more uncertainty about
the Republican . Senatorial
nominee, since Sen. Irving
Ives is unlikely to run again.
Perhaps the Republicans will
carry this key state, even
against the heavy odds which
events and Harriman have im
posed on them. But no matter
what the outcome may be,
Harriman the politician is no
longer a subject for light,
patronizing laughter.
(C) 1958 New York
Herald Tribune Inc.
THE VERDICT IS YOURS!
If you feel it is only FAIR for all five mortuaries in Jackson County
to share equally in both the responsibilities and the benefits of the
Coroner's office, then
' VOTE FOR FRANK PERL
and his proposed "Rotation System"
Chapel Mortuary
Across from the Courthouse
Frank Morgan Harold Snodgrass
FUNERAL DIRECTORS
Cordiner Pay Raise
Plan Detailed; Need
And Support Listed
(Editor's note: On April
2, an article headlined "En
gineer, Veteran Sees Mili
tary Pay Raise Plan 'Joke'."
It sharply criticized the Cor
diner plan for pay raises to
the armed forces. Today, in
rebuttal, is published a re
ply written by Lt. Col.
Frank M. Kehoe, Army
unit advisor for this area,
who goes into some detail
as to the Cordiner plan, its
support, and present status.
The April 2 article, con
sisting only of personal opin
ion, gave no factual informa
tion concerning Military Pay
Bill HR11470, which it pur:
ported to discuss.
As the result of an acceler
ated and extremely costly
turnover of personnel in all
ranks and all branches of the
Armed Services, the Secre
tary of Defense, in May 1956
appointed an Advisory Com
mittee on Professional and
Technical Compensation. This
committee, headed by Ralph
J. Cordiner, President of Gen
eral Electric, and composed of
outstanding management ex
perts from civilian industry,
and representatives from the
Department of Defense, was
requested to make recommen
dations which could form the
basis for legislation which
would remedy the long-plaguing
problem of personnel
turnover in the Armed Forces.
Intensive Studies
In June, 1956, the Commit
tee began intensive studies
which culminated in the Cor
diner Plan, made public in
tentative form in February
1957, and presented in final
form in May 1957. This re
port recommended major
changes in the entire pay sys
tem of the Armed Services,
pay rates which would be
more nearly aligned with ci
vilian rates for comparable
positions of skUl and respon
sibility, and in addition, im
plementation of new controls
to vitalize the Officer Per
sonnel Act.
' While this report was being
prepared and subsequently
studied by the Defense De
partment the costly turnover
of personnel continued, fur
ther aggravated by the fact
that with each new techno
logical advance there is im
posed upon the Armed Serv
ices the need for additional
skilled technicians. The cost
of the turnover and increasing
requirement for skilled tech
nicians is graphically illus
trated by the following infor
mation recently released by
Headquarters, Air Defense
Command, U.S. Air Force:
Reenlistmenls Down
"Seventy-eight per cent of
the ADC's fire control tech
nicians whose four-year en
listment expired in 1957 failed
to reenlist. It will take SI 7
million in training costs to re
place them.
"Seventy-two per cent of
the eligible jet engine me
chanics failed to reenlist. It
willpost $11 million in train
ing costs to put other men in
their jobs.
"Seventy-four per cent of
ADC's fighter interceptors pi
lots eligible for separation in
1957 left to return to civilian
life. It wil cost $37,000,000 to
train pilots to take their
places.
"Of all ADC airmen whose
enlistments expired last year
65 per cent, or 11,500, left the
service. It will take $176 mil
lion in training costs to train
their replacements.
"Now let's look at the trend
of our requirements for elec
tronics maintenance people.
Back in 1953, '54 and '55 we
required approximately 6,000
people in the electronics main
tenance field alone. As we
progressed to 1956 with more
complex airplanes coming into
the inventory, our require
ment almost doubled. Today
we have a big increase, 16,000.
We have further projected
our requirements out to
where in 1961 we will need
almost 21,000 electronic
maintenance people alone. I
am not talking about any sys
tem other than the electron
ics field and only for the Air
Defense Command."
Matter of Economics
From the above example,
only one of countless existing
in all segments of the Armed
Forces, it is readily apparent
that the problem is simply a
matter of economics.
By fall of 1957 this problem
had become so apparent, and
the need for solution so vital
to the defense posture of the
country, that such publica
tions as the New York Herald
Tribune, the Scripps-Howard
Newspapers, Readers Digest,
Newsweek, Time, Look, and
many others told their vast
audiences what was going on
in the Services and what per
sonnel turnovers and retrain
ing programs meant to them
as taxpayers.
Meanwhile the Department
of Defense was drafting pro
posed legislation based on
Cordiner Committee recom
mendations, to be presented
to Congress early in 1958.
Other Views
On Jan. 13, 1958, President
Eisenhower in his Budget
Message to Congress said,
"For present and long-range
eficiency and for greater
equity the military pay sys
tem must be re-cast." At ap
proximately the same time the
Rockefeller Study Group Re
port on International Security
stated: "With, the complexity
of modern weapons, the im
portance of a highly compe
tent professional force has
never been greater. But de
spite recent increases, present
pay scales are inadequte to
retain the skilled officers and
men necessary to an effective
military establishment. Nei
ther are we attracting a suf
ficient number of the best of
our youth to military ca
reers." On Feb. 17, 1958, Military
pay raise hearings began in
the House of Representatives
where the proposed legisla
tion, based on the Cordiner
Committee report, was pre
sented to the House Armed
Services Sub-Committee head
ed by Representative Kilday
(D-Tex). The Kilday Group
completed its study on March
18, 1958, and unanimously re
ported to the full committee a
revised military compensation '
system, HR11470, which in
corporates the basic principles
of both the Cordiner recom
mendations and Department
of Defense proposed legisla
tion. On March 25, after only
3 hours and 15 minutes of de
bate, the House passed the
bill, as originally presented by
committee, with a vote of 366
to 22. Senate action on the
House passed bill is scheduled
for mid-April. Senator Stennis
(D-Miss.), Chairman of the
Senate Amed Forces Sub-Committee
has announced that his
sub-committee is hopeful it
can complete work on the
measure by about April 14 and
shortly thereafter get it to
the full committee and to the
Senate floor.
Military pay raise legisla
tion has received, and is pres
ently receiving, the support
of such strictly civilian organ
izations as the Annual Gover
nors Conference, the Annual
Western Governors Confer
ence, the United States Cham
ber of Commerce, newspapers
and magazines previously
mentioned, and countless oth
ers, far too numerous to list.
In addition it is endorsed by
the National Guard Associa
tion of the United States, the
American Legion, the Navy
League, the Reserve Officers
Association, to name only a
few.
Paid Political Adv. by . .