MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE FIVB
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Sunday, February 9, 19-58
Budget Emphasis
On Revolutionary
New Weapons
(Editor's note: This is the
second in a series of eight
articles discussing this
year's Great Decisions top
ics. This week's subject
deals with security in the
rocket age and the propos
ed budget for next fiscal
year).
The administration's pro
posed defense budget of 39
billion dollars for the next
fiscal year is the highest ever
requested In peacetime. Yet a
sputnik- conscious Congress
and public have raised a na
tional debate whether or not
the budget will be adequate.
The emphasis in the new
budget will be on revolution
ary new weapons. More mon
ey will be spent on research
and development. At the same
time, military manpower and
conventional armaments will
get less money.
Budget Message
The President's budget mes
sage describes the "areas
which should now receive
greater emphasis." These in
clude "ballistic missiles, bal
listic missile submarines, bal
listic missile detection and de
fense, the further dispersal of
the retaliatory forces (such
as the Strategic Air Com
mand) and the improvement
of their alert status, modern
ization of the early warning
system, outer space projects
and basic research."
The budget message also ar
gues that "rapid progress in
military technology has dim
inished the importance of cer
tain other areas of the mili
tary program." There will be
"lessened efforts" to maintain
conventional hardware.
The Air Force will get the
largest share of the new bud
get $18,736,000,000. This
is 2 per cent more than last
year (1957-58). A major part
of this sum will be spent for
weapons not yet in produc
tion. One billion dollars, for
example, will be spent on the
B58, a supersonic bomber that
is not expected to be opera
tional for another year.
Ballistic Missiles
The Air Force will also in
vest heavily in its ballistic
missiles, Titan and Atlas,
which will not be ready this
fiscal year.
The B52 present work horse
of the Strategic Air Command
will, meanwhile, go out of
production as soon as cur
rent contracts are filled.
At the same time the Air
Force will cut its operating
strength from 130 to 105
wings by June 1959 and will
lose 1,200 of its 22,000 air
planes and 40,000 of its 890,
000 officers and men.
Present Hardware
Some experts outside the
administration question whe
ther present military hard
ware should be allowed to
lapse before the "new" wea
pons become operational.
The Navy's budget is to be
increased by 2V4 per cent to
$10,913,000,000. This is ex
pected to buy 11 guided mis
sile destroyers and frigates,
the first nuclear-powered
guided missile frigate, a big
ger nuclear-powered submar
ine fleet and other "new"
weapons.
But the Navy will decrease
the number of commissioned
ships in service.
Rapid progress in the de
velopment of the Navy's sol
id fuel, 1,500-mile Polaris
missile may produce a Navy
request for nine new submar
ines capable of launching
this missile either surfaced
or submerged. This would give
the Navy what Rear Adm.
Hyman G. Rickover likens to
"the ideal mobile platform.
It could go anywhere at any
time. It could remain well
hidden from the enemy. It
would draw the enemy's mis
siles and bombs away from
our cities and factories and
farms . . .
Over-All Cut
The Army is the one ser
vice to take an over all cut
In its budget down a quar
ter of a billion $8,800,000,000.
The Army will lose another
division (leaving 14 by the
end of the fiscal year). Mis
siles will get 40 per cent of
this service's procurment
money.
Foreign Policy Association, Inc.
ROCKET AGE This week's Great De
cisions topic concerns security in the rocket
age, and President Eisenhower's $93 billion
budget for the new fiscal year. The question
of whether the budget is adequate for de
fense purposes in an age of missiles is
discussed.
Nothing in the new bud
get, is being done about im
proving the Army's "airlift
mobility." As long ago as
1956 Gen. Earle G. Wheeler,
director of plans for military
operations, warned that "in
order to lift one 5,000 ton
division, practically the
whole available Air Force
transport capacity would be
utilized." One contract for
new Douglas transport planes
(CI 32) was killed.
The new defense budget, its
supporters claim, will build
in the next few years the kind
of massive nuclear defense
force we need at a price the
nation's economy can afford.
Some critics, worried about
the downgrading of conven
tional weapons, are not so
sure. We may, they warn, he
putting all our eggs in a nu
clear basket, leaving our
selves helpless for anything
but all-out nuclear war.
Adequate Defense
Adequate defense, in the
opinion of some critics of pres
ent policies, means an ade
quate military, force to handle
any kind of war which the
United States may be called
on to fight.
The budget currently be
fore Congress favors a de
fense establishment capable
of massive nuclear retailia
tion. The current arsenal of
conventional ground forces
will receive less emphasis.
Yet, some observers point
out, all the battles fought
since the end of World War
II Greece. Korea, Indo
China, Suez, Algeria have
been fought with convention
al, not nuclear weapons.
Rockerfeller Report
The Rockefeller Brothers
Fund report on national se
curity, released Jan. 5, warn
ed "it would be dangerous to
rely too heavily' on the prin
cipal deterrent . . . Though
all-out war is our greatest
danger, it does not represent
the most likely threat."
The report calls for a flex
ible military establishment
capable of "discrimination
and varsatility . . . modern
sea lift and an airlift capa
city we do not now possess
. . . Limited wars may re
quire . . . nuclear weapons
(and) they may involve con
ventional forces . . . We do
not now possess the neces
sary versatility."
Nor, in the opinion of some
critics, will the proposed new
budget provide that versa
tility. Not Manned, Equipped
Secretary of the Army Wil-
ber M. Brucker, testifying
before a House committee on
Jan. 21, complained, " we
can't do the job we are com
mitted to." The United States,
he testified, is neither man
ned nor equipped to fight a
limited war.
Russia, meanwhile, appears
to be building both its con
ventional and its nuclear
forces. "There is no good evi
dence," observes Hanson W.
Baldwin, military expert of
The New York Times, "that
there has been any decrease
in the numerical strength of
the Soviet armed forces in
recent years; in fact Moscow
maintains more divisions in
Eastern Europe today than
two years' ago."
A versatile defense estab
lishment, equipped to fight
limited wars with convention
al weapons as well as mas
sive nuclear wars, would cost
more than the proposed bud
get, all experts agree. The
Rockefeller Brothers Fund re
port calls for three billion
to be added to the defense
budget each year for the next
several years.
Business Recession
In the midst of a business
recession some observers feel
the nation cannot afford this
kind of outlay. Others say that
higher defense spending will
in fact stimulate the economy
At present the national pro
duct increases by about 15
billion dollars a year, enough
to absorb the higher expendi
tures without substantial tax
increases, they argue. The
Rockefeller study comments,
"we can afford to survive."
The debate has not yet end
ed. But the American public
and its representatives in
Congress will have to make
a decision soon. It may well
be the most critical decision
of the cold war.
Matter of Fact By Joseph Alsop
1 -
a -war.
1
DIALOGUE AT TEMPELHOF
Berlin The scene is the
rather bleak restaurant at
Tempelhof, the great airport
If that was like a
ft a - n ( hi"it
5? g A cab ai L i jr
? nourishing all
Berlin through
out the Soviet
blockade
of this city.
The time is
shortly after
the bitter for
eign policy de-
Jnsonh Alson DSie in me
German Parliament.
Supping at one of the res
taurant tables is the man who
most passionately denounced
Chancellor Adenauer in the
Bonn debate Gustav Heine
mann, once a member of the
Adenauer Cabinet and now a
neutralist Socialist. In his pale
face, good intentions damply,
unmistakably shine from the
pale, prominent blue eyes.
Heineman's questioner, who ,
perhaps lacks the same outer
guarantee of virtue, is your
correspondent. In the result
ing dialogue, the most signifi
cant passage runs approxi
mately as follows:
QUESTIONER: No doubt
you have noticed, Herr
Heinemann, that the Soviets
keep saying they only want
to negogiate "on the basis of
the status quo." Obviously,
the status means some kind of
Communist rule in East Ger
many, and it is even hard to
see how the status quo can
be consecrated without the
abandonment of West Berlin.
Would you advise the Western
allies to consider such condi
tions? HEINEMANN (with horror):
Of course not.
QUESTIONER: What do
you think the Western allies
should do, Herr Heinemann, if
the Soviets again blockade
Berlin? -
HEINEMANN: Start
another airlift, of course.
QUESTIONER: But the new
radar jamming devices will
certainly prevent all-weather
landings here at Templehof
so an airlift will not work
again. What then?
HEINEMANN (after a long
pause): Then you should re
lieve Berlin with an armored
column.
yuiiSiiOJMER: That was
the idea of Gen. Clay. But you
yourself, Herr Heinemann,
are an ardent advocate of the
so-called Rapacki Plan, which
would have the effect of de
priving the Western forces of
tactical nuclear weapons
while leaving such weapons
in the hands of the Soviets.
How can we send an armored
column in these conditions?
HEINEMANN (indignantly):
I have always said the Ra
packi Plan must be controlled.
I would not have one side give
up atomic weapons unless the
other side also gives them up.
QUESTIONER: Well, Herr
Heinemann, we have had
some experience in Korea
with "controls" applied to
Communist armies. No control
of the Rapacki Plan could pos
sibly be relied on, unless
Western control teams had the
right to open every truck and
railroad car entering Poland
and East Germany. Do you
think the Soviets would ac
cept that kind of control?
HEINEMANN (after another
long pause): No. I do not
think the Soviets would ac
cept. QUESTIONER: Most assur
edly the President of the
United States could not accept
any weaker form of control
after the Korean experience.
Otherwise he would have to
assume that the other side
possessed nuclear arms while
our own forces did not; and
he would therefore be morally
bound to withdraw the Amer
ican divisions from Germany.
Do you favor such a unilateral
American withdrawal, leaving
the Soviets of course in the
East Zone.
HEINEMANN: Certainly
not
: QUESTIONER: Am I mis
taken then, Herr Heinemann,
in supposing that you favor
the Rapacki Plan?
HEINEMANN: I have only
said I favor it as a basis for
negotiation. Maybe it is not
a good plan. Maybe as a plan
it is worthless. But I think we
should take it as a starting
point for talks.
QUESTIONER: But in pub-
Ejst Main St.
JL
DAIRY-SMITH
at Genessee
Adolescence is that period when a boy
refuses to believe he will some day be as
dumb as his father.
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licly welcoming the Rapacki
Plan and urging negotiations
on this basis, without ever
once hinting that the plan is
worthless, are you not gravely
deceiving your own people by
raising all sorts of false hopes?
HEINEMANN (with tri
umphant accusation): Now
you are speaking the lan
guage of the cold war. I be
lieve in ending the cold war.-
THROUGHOUT this curious
dialogue, it should be add
ed, Heinemann quite visibly
wriggled witji discomfort
every time he was asked to
consider any of the hard facts
of Germany's tragic situation.
The point about the Heine
manns of the world, in truth,
is that they actively detest
hard facts and positively love
false hopes. They even regard
not cherishing false hopes as
a symptom of bad character.
But if you study the fore
going dialogue, with all its
evidence of false hopes, you
will also find in it reasons for
real hope. On the one hand,
even such a German leader
as Gustav Heinemann retains
a kind of vestigial sense of'
political reality. He has not
reached the ultimately wish
ful stage of favoring unilater
al disarmament, for instance.
On the other hand, Gustav
Heinemann is still, in Ger
many at least, an extreme and
isolated case. In contrast, So
cialist leader Ollenhauer and
the vast majority of other ad
vocates of negotiation-for-ne-gotiation's-sake
are still rath
er toughly realistic under
their politital surfaces. So
here in Germany, there is no
need to fear any really da
maging paroxysm of wishful
ness at present. The time for
that will only come if the
West is further demoralized
by further great defeats.
(Copyright 1958, New York
Herald Tribune, Inc.)
GRANTS VISA
Washington (IP) The state
Department has authorized a
visa for Hungarian track star
Istvan Rozzavoelgyi to enter
this country for the National
Amateur Athletic Union's in
door meet Feb. 22. The Hun
garian distance runner holds
world records for the 1,000,
1,500 and 2,000 meter events.
Burrighf Tosses
Hat in State Ring
Salem (IP) Lawrence
Larry Burright, Portland, fil
ed late Friday for the Dem
ocratic nomination for state
representative from the east
Multnomah county subdist
rict. Richard Anderson, New
port, filed for the nonpartisan
post of circuit judge of the
21st judicial district. Ander
son is the present judge.
House
Hunting!
Check the
Bulletin Board
Section 2
Page 1 1
Oregon Scout Talks To U. S. Leaders
Washington (IP) Eagle
Scout Robert A. Vetter of Sil
verton Saturday spoke for the
entire Western Scout region
at the ' annual Boy "Scout
breakfast here honoring lead
ers in government and in
dustry. His topic was last
year's Scout Jamboree at Val
ley Forge.
Vetter, 18, is the son of Mr.
and Mrs. Henry Vetter of Sil
verton and was sponsored it
the breakfast by Sen. Rich
ard L. Neuberger, (D-Ore.).
A full - grown elephant
weighs about 10,000 pounds.
Earl L Lawson, M.D.
Duane I. Gil I urn, M.D.
Radiologists
Announce the Removal of Their Principal Office
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