u
(Continued)
6. How long will it take us to catch up?
If we work hard, we should be where the Russians are now in about 18
months. But, of course, the Russians are not going to stand still during these
18 months, so the job of catching up will take at least twice as long.
7. How much were the Russians helped by German scientists?
Very little in the past and not at all during the last three years. At the end
of World War II, the German research and planning staff surrendered to
General Patton's Third Army. They are now in this country and, with the
exception of a very few who returned to West Germany (mostly to retire),
they are all U. S. citizens. The Russians captured a number of production men
who were made to tell everything they knew but were not permitted to do any
actual work. These men were sent home about three years ago.
The statement that the Russians captured important German rocket scientists
is due, in part, to a mistranslation. They did capture several topnotch Austrian
jet experts, and, immediately after the war, many people still thought that jets
and rockets were the same thing.
8. Did we suffer from inter-service rivalry?
Even though this has been stated officially, I don't think so. The different
services do need different missiles. For example: the Army's Jupiter rocket
shows every promise of being a fine 1,500-mile missile. But it stands more than
80 feet tall. The Navy also needs a 1,500-mile rocket but obviously cannot
handle something that tall on shipboard. Hence they have their own Polaris
rocket, which is to have the same range but will be short and squat.
9. If not service rivalry, what did hold us back?
It was not lack of money either. The main reason was lack of direction and
lack of understanding of future
needs in high quarters. This
was compounded by over-organization
and over-secrecy
enough over-secrecy to hide
mistakes at times.
10. Authorities say we lost five
years in research. How?
At the end of World War II,
the Germans were as far ahead
in rocket development as the
U. S. was in atomic-energy
work. But for about five years,
we used the German scientists
mainly as teachers and instruc
tors instead of assigning them
to new research projects. These
five years may therefore be
called a study period. We did
not advance in that time, but
we did produce a much broad
er basis for our own work.
It will take another five years
to learn if this was a mistake.
The Russians may have wanted to go ahead on new projects immediately, but
from all indications they also needed such a study period. Though they ob
viously did start earlier than we, they also had to let more time go by.
In short, we are behind now. We must face this fact. Only by facing it will
we find the determination to change the situation and forge ahead.
m y J7)
I 1 -
Dr. Wernher Von Braun, head of Army missile
research, shows Ley satellite-launching model.
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