FOUR MEDFORD (OREGON)
UNE
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Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30 and
40 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Oct. 31. 1947 (Friday)
Worst instance of pre-Hallo-ween
vandalism reported by city
police was smearing of tar and
white paint over a large portion
of the windows of Denny's cafe
on Sixth st. near Central ave.
From Arthur Perry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: "One of
the leading opponents of the late
Sales Tax in Oregon has re
turned from California where he
paid It."
20 YEARS AGO
Oct. 31. 1937 (Sunday)
Community Chest head
quarters announces list of firms
which made 100 per cent re
sponse to the current campaign.
Girls' Community club board
of directors announce plans for
winter program.
30 YEARS AGO
Oct. 31. 1927 (Monday)
Members of the city water
board state that $20,000 allowed
the commission this year is for
a sinking fund.
City police warn that all boys
and girls 16 years of age and
under must be in their homes
by 9 p.m. Halloween.
40 YEARS AGO
Oct. 31, 1917 (Wednesday)
The decision of Judge F. M.
Calkins in circuit court Tues
day confirms acts of the Talent
irrigation district board; also
insures construction of Talent
project.
Preparations are being made
for a Jackson county campaign
Nov. 11 to 19 to raise $5,000 for
the work of the YMCA in the
present war.
What's Your I.Q.7
Nine or ten correct Is superior;
seven or eight Is excellent; five or
six is good
1. In China, are surnames al
ways written first?
2. Bible: Does the Old or New
Testament, or the Apocrypha
contain the most references to
immortality?
3. Did Cleopatra die as the re
sult of drowning, poison wine,
or by an asp sting?
4. Is April 25. 26, or 27 the
latest date on which Easter can
occur?
5. Will the Post Office De
partment redeem slightly soiled
or torn stamps?
6. How long after Easter is
Ascension Day?
8 Is it true that there are no
mahogany forests?
9. Name the six most common
surnames used in the U.S.
10. What is the Parthian shot?
Answers: 1. Yes. 2. New Tes
tament. 3. Asp sting. 4. April 25.
5. No. 6. Forty days. 7. The
Harmonium. 8. Yes (average of
two trees lo the acre is a good
stand). 9. Smith, Johnson,
Brown, Williams, Miller. Jones
'(according to Social Security
board). 10. A missile discharged
while in retreat cr flight.
HOOLIGANS JAILED
London (IP Prague Radio
said today that "hooligans" ar
rested earlier this month for
staging demonstrations against
the Communist Czech regime
had been given jail sentences.
The broadcast heard said two
defendants received three-year
terms, five others two years
each and four others got two
week detention periods. The
men, arrested in downtown
Prague Oct. 12, were described
as "hooligans,"' "drunkards' and
"rowdies." .
MAIL TRIBUNE
Back To Machiavelli
We don't blame Secretary Dulles for admitting
he doesn't know whether the replacement of Gen
eral Zhukov as Minister of Defense is good news
or bad.
How can he? Or anyone else, who has been
unable to sit in at the secret meetings at the Kremlin.
In fact that line coined by Sir Winston Churchill
that Russia, under the Soviet dictatorship, is incom
prehensible an enigma wrapped in a puzzle or vice
versa still holds.
We believe nothing quite like it has been existent
in international relations since the days of Machia
velli, who died nearly a hundred years before the
Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock.
TN fact, the more we read and hear about Stalin's
successor the more we are convinced the dumpy,
but far from dumb, Communist boss is a "throw
back" over 400 years to the original inventor of the
diplomatic double-cross, and the international
crooked deal.
The only difference between them and their
political philosophies is that Machiavelli admitted
his lack of all moral scruples in the realm of state
craft, while Nikita Khrushchev doesn't. Also the
former was imprudent enough to write a book, and
we are quite sure the wily Soviet dictator never will,
at least a book of confessions.
In fact, as far as we can recall, this "envoy to
the Borgias," born before Columbus discovered
America, was also a convivial, genial soul in his per
sonal relations; did not shun the grape when off
duty; but when ON duty he was as hard as nails,
as ruthless as a panther on the prowl, and as blind
to all moral considerations, as the late Al Capone.
A
LSO, one of Machiavelli's first commandments
noliticallv. was never
in poker parlance, "tipped his hand." He always
kept the enemy guessing, and getting him off his
guard would strike for the kill.
He was, also like Khrushchev, a contradictory
character, a sort of "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." He
could, when he wished, charm the birdies and the
ladies out of the trees, and when he DIDN'T wish,
could cow his subordinates with unbridled wrath,
be at once both eloquent snd obscene.
17ELL, we trust "Nikita" won't sue us for libel.
" And we admit the characteristics of these two
men, living so far apart in space, time ajid culture
are not identical.
But there is a striking resemblance.
This is particularly true in the complete absence
of candor, sincerity and what we like to regard
as the corner-stone . of political and diplomatic .re
lations in a democracy, a common, garden-variety
of fair play and HONESTY.
It was Machiavelli's guiding principle, that
morals have some place in personal relations al
though he PERSONALLY did not observe many but
none whatever in public
tween states.
We are not so naive as to believe this non-ethical
standard has been entirely discarded in modern
times; but it is no longer accepted as standard rou
tineas it was in Italy at the end of the Middle
Ages and is in the Kremlin, today.
"THE other night, over the air, some broadcaster
summed up the difference between the USA and
Soviet Russia, by terming the former-a "land of
opportunity" and the latter a "land of opportUNISM."
That is an example of over simplification, but it
does stress an important point.
They do play-by-ear in the Kremlin. Everything
is extemporized. As conditions change, their policies
change, their guiding principle is to have no prin
ciple. .
COR example, only about a week ago, Khrushchev
was cocking his sawed-off shotgun, shooting off
his big mouth, accusing Turkey of plotting war against
Syria at United States instigation, and threatening
the former with annihilation.
A few days later he was drinking toasts in rapid
succession to peace and amity; denounced any nation
that would consider upsetting either, and with his
arms around his pals, not in the Kremlin, but in the
TURKISH EMBASSY, he proclaimed his devotion
to the Biblical injunction of "turning swords into
plough shares".
DUZZLING?
Another understatement of the week.
It is completely baffling and not only to any "man
in the street," but to trained diplomats and states
men like Messers Churchill and Dulles.
All that anyone outside of the Kremlin can abso
lutely KNOW at this time, is that for reasons UN
known, Nikiti Khrushchev decided that talking war
a week ago was to Soviet Russia's interest, and talk
ing peace last Tuesday, was also in that category.
And that, as was also true of Machiavelji, is the
only point they consider. These two men, in short,
had one virtue in common they were, and are, entire
ly devoted to what they believe and believed
would advance the fortunes of their respective states.
CO today the trouble is this nation and free demo-
cratic nations as a whole don't go back to
Machiavelli for their standards of behaviour in the
field of international relations. Therefore a confusion
outside of Russia is worse confounded.
However, there is one consolation, as we see it.
Those nations that do go back to Machiavelli as mod
ern histoiy indicates, have in their policies the seeds
of their own ultimate destruction. R.W.R, x.
Thursday, October 31, 1957
to tell the truth. He never
relations particularly be
'MSA8BR WHEN ALL 1 CDULD GET OUT OF THIS THING
was Afpy .
Matter of Fact
OLD ORDERS AND NEW
Warsaw In this strange
city where the flame of freedom
still boldly flickers almost in
the shadow of
the Kremlin,
one finds one
self oddly
haunted by
the memory of
Prince Metter
nich, of all
people.
He was not
a fool al-
Joseph Alsop though he
looked one, this vain, painted
astute defender of Europe's old
order. "The principle of legiti
macy," meaning the right to
rule of those who have always
ruled, was the motto on Metter
nich's battle standard. Under
that standard he fought his long
rear guard action for monarchy
and aristocracy, against nine
teenth century Europe's new or
der of capitalism and democ
racy. Ironically, one remembers
Metternich because "the prin
ciple of legitimacy" can also be
seen from Warsaw, inscribed
upon the banners of none other
than Nikita Khrushchev.
Khrushchev too is fighting for
an old order, the rule of the So
viet Union by the annointed apparatus-priesthood
of the sacred
Communist Party. And the dis
missal of Marshal Zhukov as
Soviet Defense Minister looks
very much like one outcome of
Khrushchev's fight.
Like Metternich, Khrushchev
is resisting the emergence of a
new order, in the form of the
Soviet Union's massive new
classes of officers in the armed
services and industrialists and
agriculturalists and scientists
and other able men in positions
of authority, who are party
members but not appointed Com
munist priests.
THESE huge social classes
were formed by Joseph Stal
in as humble servants of the
Soviet state. While Stalin's ter
ror endured, their humility en
dured. But now the terror is
over, and the question arises
whether the state's servants will
become the state's masters. The
question has taken human form
in the person of Marshal Zhu
kov, the first Soviet citizen ever
to achieve full membership in
the sacred Party Presidium with
out rising through the ranks of
the apparatus-priesthood.
It is a useful corrective to pic
ture the strange movements in
the Kremlin in this manner. Be
fore he was relieved as Defense
Minister, Zhukov had certainly
attained vast power. He had in
his hands the great lever of pow
er of control of the Soviet armed
forces, and quite possibly the
further . enormous lever of sub
stantive control of the Soviet po
lice. But Zhukov's dismissal is
a reminder that legitimacy,
which Khrushchev has had on
his side as head of the Commu
nist Party apparatus, is also a
most important source of power
in all societies.
If you doubt this curious, un
armed and intangible power of
legitimacy, just consider the
story of the first Roman imperial
dynasty, founded by Julius Cae
sar and Augustus. After Augus
tus' death, no less than four em
perors, including two perverted
iunatics and one aged cripple,
were needed to make the Roman
legions realize that their real
power could make an emperor
who did not belong to the deified
dynasty.
So one has to ask oneself
whether the principle of legiti
macy will not retain its old spell
and strength, in this same fash
ion, in the Soviet Union for quite
a time to come. And against this
key question, one must balance
the other key question, whether
the men of the new Soviet or
der, men like Zhukhov, have
the ambition and resentment
that are needed to make them
challenge successfully the old
order.
Here the evidence is fragmen
tary but dramatic. There is the
eye-witness account of the bitter
resentment in the face of Zhu
kov, just returned from postwar
exile, when he stared down
Stalin's ex-collaborators and re- j
peated our Ambassador Bohlen's
By Joseph Alsop
famous Kremlin toast, "To jus
tice." THERE is the authentic story
of Khrushchev's greeting to
Marshal Rokossovsky at the mo
ment of crisis in Warsaw in Oc
tober a year ago. To the Soviet
viceroy of rebellious Poland,
Khrushchev's first words, "You
are not a Marshal but a (word
utterly unprintable)."
There is the further fact that
Zhukov brought back the dis
honored Rokossovsky from Po
land to Moscow and made him
Vice Minister of Defense. And
before he was dismissed as De
fense Minister, Zhukov placed
this same Rokossovsky in com
mand of the Soviet armies in the
Caucasus. Surely it means some
thing that - Zhukov's first inter
vention in Khrushchev's Turk
ish crisis was giving the vital
border command to a man who
must have been at least strongly
inclined to take orders from
Zhukov rather than Khrushchev
In so doing, Zhukov may have
initiated his own downfall. In
any case, Khrushchev and "the
principle of legitimacy" seem to
have triumphed again, at least
for a time. Khrushchev has tri-
umphed in part thanks to the ac
tive support now being given
him by those natural legitimists,
the leaders of the Communist
parties here in Poland, in Yugo
slavia, and elsewhere beyond
Russia's borders. But Khrush
chev and ltgitimacy have cer
tainly faced a serious challenge,
and may do so again.
(c) 1957 New York
Herald Tribune Inc.
Communications
Letters to the Editor must bear
the name and address ot the writer
although under certain circum
stances the use ot a pen name or
initial for publication is permis
sible. The Mail Tribune reserves
the right to edit all letters with
an eye to clarification and conden
sation. Letters submitted for pub
lication must not exceed 400 words
Really Investigate Schools
To the Editor: As a parent and
as a teacher I should like to re
ply to "A Medford Parent" who
had a letter in the Communca
tions column.
First of all as a public school
teacher for 14 years I have yet
to tell any student to instruct
his parents, how to v)te, and I
have yet to be told by any ad
ministrator that I was to do so.
It is my view that parents are
responsible for informing them
selves. I have no need to "brain
wash" anyone.
The high school, designed for
800 and now housing 1100, with
another increase of 200 expected
next year, is hardly lavish. And
with such crowded conditions
facing us I do not believe the
bond issue to be ill-timed, ex
cept that I think it is TOO
LATE.
Most of us who have an in
terest in the schools have read
the article referred to, in the
Readers Digest and I for one
agree whole-heartedly. I believe
the school officials do also, as
they have issued a pamphlet ex
plaining to all who are interest
ed that they are instructing the
architects to use local products
wherever possible and to keep
costs to a minimum.
As to who makes the estimates
of building needs, the Board of
Education elected by the people,
holding open meetings, surveys
these needs, publishes their find
ing in the public press, and the
taxpayers are given every op
portunity to acquaint themselves
with the facts, before being ask
ed to vote. .
I do not believe any reliable
official of the schools has ever
told a group of people that vot
ing for bonds won't cost money.
Everyone knows that this is not
so, and that the schools must
be paid for. In fact, at every
meeting I have ever attended I
have heard to the best of any
one's ability to know, just what
the increase will be.
It is true that sometimes the
estimates of pupils don't "pan
out" but so far we have never
had a situation of erecting buil
dings that were not needed. The !
population is not shrinking, it's
expanding, and the kids will be
in the school rooms.
As a parent I want my chil-
Today and
By Walter
THE BIG EVENTS
As this is written on Monday
morning, there has been no news
out of Moscow which explins the
Zhukov affair.
The action,
which must
have involved
much plan
ning and ar
ranging, was
carried out in
perfect secre
cy. Nobody
got wind of it,
not the for
Halter Llppmano
eign intelligence services, the
diplomats, the newspapers, the
Communist parties abroad. It is
not probable that any of the
satellite governments had any
advance knowledge.
Since we do not know what
has happened, or why it has hap
pened, we can only guess, and
not very confidently at that,
about what it may mean. In the
old days, a change in the top of
fices of the state usually meant
a change in the policy of the
Soviet government. Thus Molo
tov replaced Litvinov at the For
eign Office not long before
World War II began with the sig
nature of the Hitler-Stalin pact.
After .Stalin's death and the
execution of Beria, there came
a decided relaxation of the in
ternal terror of the Soviet state.
It is natural to wonder then
whether this affair which de
prives Zhukov of his adminis
trative control of the army
means that Khrushchex intends
to follow a policy which Zhukov
opposes.
TT IS conceivable and even prob
able that this is true. But to
say this does not take us very
far. For we do rot really know
what are Zhukov's policies in
Eastern Europe and in the Mid
dle East, and what are Khrush
chev's. If we think of Zhukov as
the traditional Russian soldier
and Khrushchev as the success-
ful politician on his way up, it
is probable that the old soldier
is more interested in holding on
to the Russian strategic position
in Eastern Europe, and that he
is not willing to risk much to ex
tend the Russian position in the
Middle East. Khrushchev, con
ceivably, has the politician's in
tuition which tells him that East
ern Europe can be kept within
the Russian military system only
by accepting the national Com
munism of men like Tito and
Gomulka. Moreover, Khrush
chev may think that in the Mid
dle East he may be able to win
a great political victory one
dreamed of but never achieved
by the Czars and by Stalin of
opening the Mediterranean to
Russia.
All this, I hasten to say, is
mere guesswork, with no hard
fact to support it. It is another
example, it may be, of our hu
man propensity to insist on hav-
dren to have a chance at being
educated in a school where the
teacher has classes of reasonable
size. As a teacher I'd like to be
able to teach classes again of
reasonable size not for my
self, but for the children's bene
fit. It hurts me to teach geo
metry classes of 35-40 pupils
when I can't get around in the
hour to all who need the help.
It is not we teachers 'who suffer
so much, it's the children who
are denied the opportunity to
have more of our help.
So I ask "A Medford Parent"
to investigate definitely in
vestigate don't take things
on faith, come and visit the high
school, stay with me a day, and
see how it is necessary to slight
some of the youngsters who need
help because of sheer lack of
time to reach them all, and then
vote as your conscience dictates.
James A. Johnston,
912 Newtown,
Medford, Ore.
"The best verse hasn't been rhymed yet,
The best house hasn't been planned,
The highest peak hasn't been climbed yet,
The mightiest rivers aren't spanned;
Don't worry and fret, faint-hearted,
The chances have just begun
For the best jobs haven't been started,
The best work hasn't been done."
DAY OR NIGHT PHONE SP 2-8030
Chapel Mortuary
Across from the Courthouse
Frank Morgan Harold Snodgrass
FUNERAL DIRECTORS
Tomorrow
Lippmann
ing an opinion when all that we
are entitled to have is an open
mind.
rpHE Zhukov affair has distract---
ed from the Eisenhower-Mac-
millan meeting in Washington.
I am afraid that this was not dif
ficult to do in view of the fact
that the only acknowledged
news on the conference was a
long communique, composed of
all the old tired generalities
strung together with a little bit
more than the normal rhetorical
elegance. These generalities, it
seems, mean much to those who,
being in the know, utter them
but not very much to those, be
ing on the outside, read them.
However, on Sunday. Mr. Res
ton of the New York Times had
a dispatch which really does
throw light on what lies beneath
the generalities. It is that if the
NATO alliance is to keep up
with the race of armaments,
there will have to be "a major
review of United States military
expenditures and overseas com
mitments." Mr. Reston's report indicated,
if I read it correctly, that what
we have to decide at home and
with our allies is this: if we are
to keep ahead with the new wea
pons, we cannot also subsidize
at their present level the mili
tary establishments of all our
allies in the whole network of
pacts with which we are involv
ed.
A GREAT deal has been said
about pooling and coopera
tion, and it is hardly arguable
that in the field of basic science
and technology, the more pool
ing a.nd cooperation there is the
better for all concerned. But this
general idea, when it is applied
to the race of armaments, con
tains within it certain political
and military implications which
may be very far reaching. For
when the scientists and engi
neers pool their knowledge and
cooperate in the designing of the
new weapons, like the big mis
siles with nuclear warheads, the
crucial fact is that all, or almost
all, of the hideously expensive
devices are going to have to be
financed and produced in the
United States.
This means that we cannot
also be expected to maintain con
ventional forces, or forces with
tactical nuclear weapons, of de
cisive importance, and at the
same time to subsidize balanced
military establishments from
Korea and Japan and Taiwan to
Pakistan and -Turkey and Wes
tern Europe. The inescapable
corrolary of cooperation is a di
vision of labor an understand
ing, in short, as to what we are
to attend to and what the other
allies are to attend to.
TT IS impossible for the United
- States to recover the lead in
the race of armaments without a
very considerable increase of ex
penditures. This will necessitate
not only more appropriations for
the Defense Department but also
a re-allocation of the military ob
jectives of the Defense Depart
ment. : .. ,.
As Mr. Reston, whose sources
are no doubt unimpeachable, in
dicates, we shall be moving to
wards a division of responsibili
ties within the alliance in which
we specialize even more than we
do now in strategic deterrents,
calling upon our allies to assume
the main responsibility for. what
are, by global standards, tactical
defenses.
There will be much to talk
about at the NATO meeting in
December, and in the budget
conferences here which are al
ready under way. All ihis has
been precipitated, one may say,
by Sputnik, by the demonstra
tion that, with our energies and
resources dispersed all over the
globe, we are losing the race of
armaments.
(c) 1957 New York Herald
Tribune, Inc.
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
According to figures just made
public by William M. Tugman,
of Reedsport, chairman of the ad
visory committee of the state's
tourist promotion agency, Ore
gon has entertained 3,539,000
out-of-state visitors so far dur
ing 1957.
This contrasts with 1,839,000
in 1948 an increase of approx
imately a million and three-quarters,
or 92 per cent, in the ten
year period. In this total, Mr.
Tugman explains, only out-of-state
cars remaining in the state
three days or longer are in
cluded. He adds:
"Some states project their tour
ist total on the basis of all out-of-state
vehicles, even those staying
only one day, whether or not
they carry tourists. Still others
regularly include in their an
nual tourist figures the travel
within the states by their own
people. Oregon feels, however,
that a better picture of the con
tribution of tourist travel to the
state' economy can be obtained
by counting only those cars that
remain three days or longer."
TT IS CERTAINLY a more real-
istic picture, for it must be
assumed that the number of busi
ness visitors coming to Oregon
is roughly balanced by the num
ber of Oregonians going to other
states on business.
If we are to regard the tourist
business as a net contribution to
the economy, we must deduct
from the total of those coming to
the state the number of residents
of the state that go to other
states. If, as Mr. Tugman sug
gests, we were to class as "tour
ists" people who merely travel
around in their own state, we
would be kidding ourselves, for
the money spent by INTRA-state
tourists remains WITHIN the
state.
It isn't NEW money.
nriHAT, of course brings up the
money that is spent by resi
dents of the state vths go to
OTHER states. The money they
spend while away from'liome is
taken out of the state in which
they live and so, presumably,
it is deducted from the state's
total economy.
So
This question arises:.
Does Oregen gain or lose in
the exchange involved in tourist
travel? 'r;
AS TO THAT, we can only
guess, for the figures do not
take into consideration the num
ber of Oregonians who travel to
other states. But we can safely
assume from the total of more
than three and a half million
tourists who have visited Ore
gon during 1957 that Oregon has
gained in the exchange.
Oregon's population is only
approximately a million and a
half, so all of our people would
have had to go out of the state
TWICE to balance the number
of outsiders who have come here
this year.
It seems quite safe to assume
that in Oregon the tourist busi
ness is a profitable business.
270 Horsepower
AMBASSADOR
By Rambler
:;:IS-; NowAfM
LEA MOTORS
5th at Barrlerf . SP 2-618S
tor