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Tuesday, October 29, 1957
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE SEVErT
FILMS THE RESULT The Army's Combat Development
and Experimentation Center of Fort Ord are revolution
izing warfare tactics at Hunter Liggett, Calif. Operation
Textbook will carry on mock warfare for a number of
years in attempting to find out just what sort of tactics
and weapons it will take to fight an atomic war. Above,
SSgt. Shelman Angain of Fayatville, Ark. uses an M-3
submachine gun with a gunsight movie camera with a
three-inch lens. The camera accurately records effective
ness of ground fire against low flying aircraft.
Aerial Photographs Key To
Interstate Highway Program
Salt Lake City HP) Aerial
photographs and technicians
who translate them into maps
may be the key to successful
completion of the 13-year, multi-billion
dollar interstate high
way program.
This program is America's
most ambitious construction un
dertaking, and one of the bottle
necks already facing its sponsors
is the lack of engineers to pre
pare maps by conventional
methods.
Proponents claim that the sys
tem of making maps from aerial
photos is about five times as fast
and can be done at one-third the
cost of old-style map making
from ground studies alone.
The aerial-based system,
known as photogrammetry, is a
generation old. It was used ex
tensively in planning and con-
been pin-pointed in at their pre
cise location and altitude. This
is done from data made by
ground crews which establish an
average of four surveyed points
for each photograph, far under
the number that would be re
quired if the entire map was be
ing done by ground methods.
The dot's "altitude" is pre-set
from the known features. Thus,
as its pencil line is traced, it can
establish contour lines that char
acterize the valuable engineer's
topographical mao.
The scale of the maps pro
duced depends on their intended
use. For detailed work, like
planning an expressway inter
change, the contour lines show
changes of only one foot in alti
tude. In others, the contours rep
resent two feet, five feet or
more. The map scale ranges up-
2- jnjm -LZI- " ' ;frj"'1i"m'mJmmn mm,mmm mill ,
IT WILL BE THE WORLD'S HIGHEST Superimposed on this aerial photo is an
artist's conception of the proposed Oroville Dam, key part of the Feather River proj
ect near Oroville, Calif. The dam will be 730-feet high, 680-feet thick and VA miles
long. It will be the world's highest and' most massive dam. Concrete in it would make
a 10-foot-wide roadway around the earth's equator.
ilitary Housing Shortage
Causes Biq Morale Problem
struction of the Pennsylvania ward from one inch equals 50
Turnpike, among other major
projects, and is widely applied
in preparing maps for mineral
development and pipeline rout
ings. From 6,000 Feet
One of the largest photogram
metry enterprises in the nation
is that operated by the Aero
Service Corp., with its main of
fice in Philadelphia and field of
fices in Tulsa, Duluth and Salt
Lake City. This firm has a staff
of more than 750 men and a
fleet of 35 airplanes.
How the process operates was
explained by Normefn Rubin,
chief photogrammetrist for Aero
Service Corp. (Western) in their
offices here. For illustration, he
used a survey recently made for
Salt Lake City of a proposed
highway along the eastern face
of the Wasatch mountains.
Engineers first took an old,
conventional map and decided
the flight lines the photo planes
were to use on the actual survey.
When the actual flights were
made, the pilot held his plane
flying at an altitude of 6,000 feet
over the terrain precisely on
the flight line.
Photographs are taken only
in the heart of the day, to mini
mize shadows, and at a time
when tree foliage is absent to
permit maximum visibility.
Overlapping Photos
The photographer-navigator in
the nose of the plane aids the
pilot in keeping a true course as
he operates his aerial camera
taking nine-by-nine-inch expo
sures on long rolls of film at
precisely timed intervals.
The pictures are made so that
each exposure overlaps the pre
vious one by 60 per cent in a
forward direction and 30 per
cent on the sides.
Level flight is necessary to
hold the camera in a true plane.
The films are carefully de
veloped and contact prints
made that, when put together
shingle fashion, form a mosaic
of the entire area being studied.
This mosaic alone, -Rubin ex
plained, is of tremendous help
for preliminary routing studies
since such features as drain and
ridge structures are readily vis
ible. But for the major task of map
making, the films are changed
to a glass platform that can be
projected through a device
called a stereoplotter one be
ing projected in red, the other
in green.
Technicians using glasses with
red and green lenses then study
the platen of their instrument
where the two beams converge.
The effect is identical with that
of a steroscopic camera, or the
human eye, producing a three
dimensional image.
Elastic Scale
A key facet of the plotter is a
white dot that can be moved
around with the platen, tracing
terrain features, and making a
rough map on the paper mount
ed below by means of a tracing
pencil directly under the dot.
Key features on the map a
prominent rock, a road bed, or
a stream-bank hav already
feet.
Once the rough map, includ
ing "cultural" features such as
houses, fences and factories, is
made, it is traced onto linen map
cloth a type that permits un
limited duplication and the
finished product is complete
with all data needed for planning.
Billy Graham Given
Testimonial Dinner
New York (IP) The churches
that sponsored Billy Graham in
an evangelistic crusade that
turned out to be the most im
pressive in the nation's history
bade him a sentimental farewell
Monday night.
Graham was given a testimon
ial dinner by the Protestant
Council of the City of New
York, an organization of about
2,700 churches in the metropli
tan area" that brought the fiery
evangelist here to pump new re
ligious vigor into both the min
istry and the laity.
The evangelist was thanked
for preaching 120 sermons that
resulted in neary 60.000 "deci
sions for Christ" following his
Madison Square Garden rallies
and meetings elsewhere in" the
area. '
The .council considered the
Graham crusade so successful
that it has embarked on a pro
gram of continuous evangelism,
budgeted at a million dollars a
year.
A NEW TWIST
Chicago (IF Which came
first, the egg ... or the egg?
Mrs. Frank Coppinin cracked an
egg and found another egg, com
plete with shell.
Heidelberg IIP) The military
housing shortage, which the U.S.
Army promised to have licked
two years ago, is still separating
G.I. families for as much as a
year and is causing sizable
morale problem.
More than half of the officers
and non-coms assigned to Europe
individually must wait from five
months to a year before their
families can join them. Two
years ago, 67 per cent of the
families were traveling concur-
j rently. Three years ago, an Army
press release promised that "con
current travel for the great ma
jority of personnel ordered to
Germany is anticipated by mid
1955." The picture is much brighter
for members of combat divisions
and regiments that transfer from
the U.S. as a unit and trade bases
with a similar group in Germany.
In these "operation gyroscope"
rotations, 95 per cent of the fam
ilies can come with the men. -
But for the married soldier
assigned individually, a 12
month wait means one-third of
his three-year overseas duty in
a barracks without his family.
His alternative is to try for space
available transport on a troop
ship for the wife and kids and
find them an expensive apart
ment in housing-short Germany
or France.
Property Returned
Although officer and troop
morale cannot be measured in
figures. Army officials admit
that this waiting period is always
a source of grumbling and dis
content. The entire expensive program
of building housing and trans
porting dependents and house
hold goods overseas is based on
the idea of keeping up morale.
In the words of Lt. Gen. Bruce
C. Clarke, Seventh Army com
mander, "the presence of de
pendents does a great deal for
morale ... an important ele
ment of combat readiness."
Officials concede privately
that the concurrent travel pro
gram fell victim to another
Army program German-American
relations. They say the Army
gave back requisitioned German
housing too fast and that the
substitute building program
could not keep pace.
With the . return of German
sovereignty in May, 1955 the
return of private property began
to accelerate. More than 7,000
properties were given back in
1955. A further 4,500 went out
of Army control in the first half
of 1956.
In June, 1956, Army families
were living in 3,444 German-
Satisfied
Sam
Just Paid His
Bills with
Money He Borrowed
from Commercial
Repay In Convenient Monthly Payments
- LOANS FROM
s25.00 to 52,50
AUTOMOBILE FURNITURE
COMMERC
INDUSTRIAL
FINANCE C
Phone SP 3-4564 Sparta Bldg.
0.00
SALARY
SAL
RP.
Medford
owned apartment units. Ten
months later, 2,000 of these had
been given back.
Some Odd Delays
The de-requisitioning schedule
includes a further reduction to
708 German homes by Septem
ber, if "completion of housing
now under construction is not
unduly delayed" and leasing ar
rangements can be made for
other properties. Many of the
places leased will be villas for
high-ranking officers and others
will be offices.
The Army is the landlord of
39,700 new apartment units
throughout Germany and is
building several hundred more.
They range from two, three, and
four - bedroom apartments for
non-commissioned and junior of
ficers and their families to du
plex houses for majors and lieu
tenant colonels and single houses
for colonels and generals. Civil
ians employed by the govern-
BIG BUTTERNUT '
West Bridgewater, Mass. OP)
Manuel Travers reported a -13-pound
butternut squash from his
garden. The average weight of
a butternut squash is one to four
pounds.
ment get housing scaled to their
pay grades.
In any housing project of this
scale estimated cost is 400 mil
lion dollars, paid by the German
government as defense support
costs there are bound to be
snags, and these add to the wait
ing time.
A bird in the chimney kept
one building in Stuttgart from
being occupied for six weeks.
The Army refused to accept an
entire block of apartments in
the Stuttgart area because of
giant cracks in the walls and
poor workmanship. The build
ings were set to rights but there
were months of delays. Near
Frankfurt, several apartments
stood empty for weeks while the
Army and a German electric
company argued over ownership
of transformers.
Poland's Economic Crisis
Felt Most in Coal Mines
Katowice (IP) The economic
orisis that threatens Poland to
day is probably felt most of all
in the coal mines, once the
stronghold of Communism but
now an industry that needs help
from the .capitalist west.
The General Direction of
Mines at Katowice, 200 miles
south of Warsaw, controls 13
mines. Among them is the medium-sized
Myslowice mine
which produces between 4,000
and 5,000 tons of coal a day.
The director of the mine, Ka
zimier Tyminski, a man in his
middle 40s, an accomplished
Chopin pianist, with two years
each in Buchenwald and Aus
chwitz concentration camps be
hind him, spelled out the prob
lems. Although the stick has been
removed from behind the min
ers, there are no carrots to dan
gle in front of them. And Pol
and's lack of hard currency and
credits means no replacements
for the machinery to work the
mines.
Much of it came from Czecho
slovakia in recent years but now
supplies have dropped. Although
there is a small amount from
West Germany and Britain, it is
not enough.
Soldier Miners
Tyminski has 4.000 workers
in the mine. Of them 200 are
women and 400 soldiers.
No women now work under
ground, but they did up until
two years ago. The troops all
young recruits enjoy mine
work, for instead of a soldier's
pay of 10 zloty (45 cents) per
week, they get miners' pay.
Coal miners are the highest
paid workers in Poland. They
average about 3,500 zloty ($145)
a month. For this they work six
day a week and about one Sun
day in four.
A 39 -year -old miner ques
tioned in the main gallery 1,500
feet below the surface was bit-
POLICE CHIEF DIES
New Rochelle, N.Y. (IP) Po
lice Chief Alfred Bruecker of
New Rochelle died Monday
night at a dinner during which
he was to' receive an Elks club
award for his 31 years of police
duty. Bruecker's wife, son and
father were present as he col
lapsed shortly before the award
ceremony.
ter about it.
"If you want to write what 1
think, don't use my name," he
said. "I have three children and
my wife, and we live in two
rooms and a kitchen.
"We are lucky. I am supposed
to work eight hours a day, but
some days it is 10 to 12 hours
due to stoppages or breakdowns.
We only get paid for eight hours
most times this happens.
Machinery Needed
"And there are many acci
dents. I suppose we lose one
miner a month killed and per
haps half a dozen are seriously
injured."
Asked if there had been any
strikes in the mine he replied:
"Of course; what do you think
we are?" -
Among the miners there was
a general anti-Soviet feeling but
it was not specific. Just a gen
eral attributing of their bad
time to the Russians. All of
them agreed that help from the
West was their only hope.
"We need new machines and
equipment, from the mechanical
coal-cutters to non-inflammable
conveyor belts," one of the engi
neers said. "We have a lot of
fire in this mine. The fire bri
gade works 24 hours a day. And
it will go on until we get non
inflemmable belting and equip
ment." He proudly showed some new
British belting, "non-inflammable
and the first we have had."
But he anxiously wondered if
there would be any more
whether Britain would grant
credits for more or whether
there would be more help from
America.
It is the same in most indus
tries. It is difficult to imagine
the extent to which Polish work
ers are looking to the West for
help.
In a class by itself
since 1830
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