FOUR MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNL
Mefordtribune
"Tveryone tn Southern Oregon
Readi The Mail Tribune"
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ROBERT W RUHL. Editor
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March 3. 1897
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Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20. 30 and
40 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Oct. 8, 1947 (Tuesday)
Contributions and pledges of
16 organizations or individuals
In the county to augment the
salary for a county juvenile offi
cer are received.
From Arthur Perry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: "Under the
new order, Tuesday shall be
meatless and Thursday chicken
less days. It wasn't so long ago
the people were urged to eat
more, chicken and save the beef
for the "war effort."
20 YEARS AGO
Oct. 8. 1937 (Friday)
State law now requires that
any plumber must hold a certifu
cate of competency from health
department;.
City school budget for fiscal
year beginning next June 30
estimates total expenses at
$297,313.
30 YEARS AGO
Oct. 8. 1927 (Saturday)
Justice of the peace of Klam
ath Falls indicted by Jackson
county grand jury on charges
of violating the national pro
hibition act.
Federal judge hears testimony
of 12 Indian girls charged with
setting fire to a dormitory on
the reservation.
40 YEARS AGO
Oct. 8. 1917 (Monday)
Former resident of Phoenix
and escapee from the state hos
pital apprehended in Medford.
From local and personal col
umn: T. E. Daniels receives a
letter from Seely Hall at North
Island, San Diego, in which the
Medford aviator states he has
been promoted to expert me
chanic and transferred to the
18th Aerial squadron.
What's Your 1.0-7
Nine or ten correct Is superior;
seven or eieht Is excellent: five or
six Is good
1. Is Midway Island in the
Atlantic nr the Pacific Ocean?
2. Does moss thrive in well
drained, or in damp soil?
3. Bible: Did Joseph, Mary,
anri jpsus "depart in Egypt"
during the morning, afternoon
nr night?
4. Does the term "senior Sena
tor" aDDlv to age or service?
5. Logopedics is the scientific
study and treatment of speech
defects in humans or knots in
timber?
6. Did the U.S. declare war
on Germany on April 6, 1917,
1938. or 1942?
7. The term "vulnerable" is
used in playing poker, contract
riripp or five hundred?
8. In which city in Maryland
is Fort McHenry, the birthplace
of the National Anthem.'
o "ReceiDt". "recipe", "for
mula": Which word is used more
fnr rnmriounding a medicine?
10. "Training is everything.
Thp neach was once a bitter al
mond; cauliflower is nothing but
-3 hh cp with a c e
e n"?
Answers: 1. Pacific. 2. In
damp soil. 3. Night. 4. It refers
service in the Senate. 5. Scien-
Jific study and treatment of
speech defects. 6. April b. iai
t roniract bridge. 8. Baltimore
9. Recipe. 10. "college educa
tion." Mark Twain.
cnicago iu - -
boy" is a rarity. Harvard profes
t Dr.,.,oii riailafjher told the
EOT J AUJIY"" c
American society of pediatrics
raw
Inexcusable Bigotry
To the Editor: The attached was taken from the Daily
Journal of Commerce dated 10557.
Is it true that the New York City Board of Education is
made up of people who actually believe that "The Adven
tures of Huckleberry Finn" be removed from the list of
bpoks to be read by young people. Is such a thing possible
among educated people?
I would enjoy seeing you write an editorial on this.
I am a newcomer to this area, however, I want you to
know your paper and its editorials are enjoyed very much.
G. V. Mullen
P. O. Box 897
Central Point
Mr. Mullen then quotes the Portland Daily Jour
nal of Commerce as follows: t
Good Bye Huck FinnI
Stephen Foster's "Old Black Joe" is a piece of immortal
Americana, loved and sung by tens of millions of people
over the generations. But it has been banned from certain
air networks on the grounds that it contains racially
offensive phrases.
Now the New York City Board of Education has taken
"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" from its approved
textbook list for grade and junior high schools. A great
many excellent critics regard Huck Finn as the greatest of
all American novels, and practically all put it very high on
the short list of genuine classics. The New York Times
reports a publisher as saying the book was banned because,
like Stephen Foster's wonderful old song, it was held to
contain racially offensive material.
There is only one logical end to such a trend. All literary
and musical material which happens to offend anyone
should be banned whether those offended are white men,
yellow men, or black men; Protestants, Catholics or Jews;
business men or labor leaders, and so on ad infinitum. Then
we can all live in a cultural vacuum comparable to the
Dark Ages.
We. can't blame our correspondent for wondering
if this reported action of the New York School Board
is true.
Had we not read so many news stories and edi
torial comments on this absurd and inexcusable blow
to liberty, we would not have believed it either.
Most of the comments we have seen, however,
blame it all on the Association for the advancement
of colored people, and if that organization brought
political pressure to bring this about then blame is
justified.
But even so, we know enough about political
pressures in the field of education to know that the
chief responsibility in such cases rests not upon those
who BRING the pressure, hut upon the official body
that YIELDS to it.
DRESSURES for unworthy and selfish ends are
brought to bear on Public School Boards all over
the country year after year ad infinitum. Any one of
them that would remove an imperishable American
classic like "Huckleberry Finn" from the list of ap
proved reading for such a reason, should first have
their heads examined, and then if 100 arrested
mental development were not proved, they should
be fired.
TTHE present writer was brought up on Tom Sawyer
" and "Huck" Finn many years ago as were most
of the then younger generation.
Instead of either book being barred from any
schoolboth should be required reading.
We have, as indicated, read several reports of this
incredibly stupid and ignoble action, but have never
found in any of them, the School Board's excuse for
its ridiculous ruling.
Our guess, as to the reason for that is, they could
find none none at least
scrutiny and the universal condemnation of our en
lightened public opinion. R.W.R.
Wake Up Governor
There is a song about "Famous Last Words"
which might fittingly be sung to the Governor of Mis
sissippi. According to press reports, at least, he either
coined the phrase or publicly endorsed it, that the
people of his state will never accept school integra
tion if the government tries to get it for a "thousand
years."
A "thousand years" is quite a bit of time, and
"never" is even longer.
QF COURSE it MAY be the chief executive of Mis-
sissippi will not live long enough to realize the in
accuracy of his estimate but judging the future by the
past, he is as completely off the beam, as the Russian
satellite is ON.
And the Russian satellite is a good example of
what can happen in a thousand years.
I OOK at what has happened in the last thousand.
A thousand years ago was before the Norman
conquest in England, and even before the feudal
system and before when "Knighthood was in flower."
Imagine what the Anglo Saxons would have
thought if any town-crier
round, that m some 500 years a "New World to the
west would be discovered, and that world would one
day be in a deadly straggle
control of the earth, but
tions of the solar system.
The Queen would not
head!"
The "stake" would have been considered a mild
ending for such a blasphemous infidel. .
"VES a thousand years is
hundred years ago we
anyone predicting that
structed in far-off Russia,
safely from Detroit, Michigan to Washington, D. C,
in one minute would be questioned.
So, your Excellency, why be so positive that even
after a thousand years of effort, the good people of
Mississippi will still deny to non-white citizens of that
state, the basic rights that for so many years, have
been guaranteed to them by the Constitution?
' r.w.R.
Tuesday, Ociober 8, 1957
that would bear up under
had declared the earth was
with Russia for not only
for the moon and other sec
have to say "Off with his
quite a spell, and even a
are quite sure, the sanity of
a man-made satellite con
wrould be capable of going
'l got a euesr for the
Clearance of Slums
Congress' Objective;
New Legislation Seen
By Congressional Quarterly
Washington (CQ) Congress
is laying the foundation for new
legislation to help clear away
city slums.
Staffs of the housing subcom
mittees of the Senate and House
since Labor Day have been pre
paring for hearings to find out
what more the Federal Govern
ment should do to save deterio
rating neighborhoods and rip out
hopeless ones.
The Senate subcommittee will
go to Chicago Nov. 2 for its
first slum clearance hearing,
then travels to cities in Maine,
Pennsylvania and Alabama. The
House subcommittee will hold
slum clearance hearings in Wash
ington the second week in De
cember. The investigations will help
shape slum 'clearance legislation
that will be introduced in Con
gress next January. "The ques
tion," says a Senate subcommit
tee staffer, "is not whether to
continue the slum clearance
program but how big to make
it." He said he knew of no na
tional group opposed to slum
clearance legislation.
Funds Expended
Since 1949, Congress has au
thorized the Federal Govern
ment 'to give $1.25 billion to
cities so they could rehabilitate
rundown neighborhoods or bull
doze them away and build new
ones. Of that amount, $890 mil
lion had been promised and $99
million had been disbursed to
cities as of Aug. 31. The long
interval between the time the
Federal Urban Renewal Admin
istration approves a slum clear
ance project and the city actual
ly carries it out accounts for the
big difference .between the two
figures.
New York has been promised
$143 million for slum clearance
and Illinois, $83 million, the
largest amounts among states
participating in the program.
Legislatures in Florida, Idaho,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana,
New Mexico, South Carolina,
Utah and Wyoming have not
passed laws to enable their com
munities to participate in the
slum clearance program.
Oregon so far has been prom
ised $2,923,471 in Federal slum
clearance and rehabilitation
grants but has actually received
none.
Law's Origin
The Congressional attack on
slums was launched by the 1949
Housing Act. The Act said clear
ance of slums would contribute
to "the development and rede
velopment of communities and
to the advancement of the
growth, wealth and security of
the Nation . . ." In 1954, Con
gress authorized rehabilitation
which it labeled urban renewal
of decaying neighborhoods to
supplement clearance of Hopeless
areas.
Under the slum clearance and
urban renewal programs, a city
first receives a Federal loan and
then a grant. The loan is like
a drawing account to be used
until the Federal grant arrives
The loan covers the cost of plan
ning the slum clearance project,
clearing the land and readying
it for new houses or stores by
putting in such things as water
and sewers.
When the city sells its former
slum site to a private developer,
the money from the land sale is
subtracted from the total cost
of the city's entire slum project.
The result is the city's net cost,
or loss. The Government pays
two-thirds of that net cost and
the city the other third.' This
Federal money is used to pay
off the city's original Govern
ment loan. '
In order to qualify for Fed
eral grants, the city must have
a detailed plan for its slum
clearance project that conforms
to its master plan and must be
prepared to move persons dis
placed from slum areas into
suitable housing. City slum
quest rocw
clearance agencies work through
regional offices of the Urban Re
newal Administration.
Cities Support Program
The slum clearance and urban
renewal program passed its
most recent popularity test in
1957. The Eisenhower Adminis
tration proposed that money au
thorized for the' program be re
duced from $250 million for
fiscal 1958 to $175 million.
Mayors from cities throughout
the country squawked so loud
that Congress eventually au
thorized $350 million for fiscal
1958. -i
Mayor Richard C. Lee of New
Haven, Conn., typified the atti
tude of the Nation's mayors
when he told a Senate housing
subcommittee: "The Federal
moneys involved in urban re
newal are less than one-half of
1 per cent of the Federal budget.
. : . Figures from the Federal
Works Agency show that slums
and blighted areas take up about
20 per cent of a city's entire
residential area. But in these
slums live 33 per cent of our
population; in these slums are
committed 45 per cent of our
major crimes; these slums are
the scene of 55 per cent of all
our juvenile delinquency; these
slums account for 60 per cent
of all our tuberculosis patients
. . . Unless renewal and rede
velopment programs are rolling
across the country, especially in
our older cities, by 1960, then
these 'cities will face complete
fiscal municipal ruin by 1965."
The fact that the mayors won
out in Congress in economy
conscious 1957 indicates that
Congress in 1958 will continue,
and probably expand, its pro
gram designed to give American
cities a new lease on life.
(Copyright 1957,
Congressional Quarterly Inc.)
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
This is National Newspaper
Hence this piece about news
papers.
rpHE newspaper's job is to tell
-- the news and offer opinions
Of these jobs telling the news is
infinitely the more important.
Letting the people know ac
curately, fairly and objectively
what is going on is the news
paper's justification for exist
ence.
The newspaper's OPINIONS
are of secondary importance and
are offered chiefly in these days
for what they are worth. Our
reasoning along that line is this
People who NEVER HAVE AN
OPINION are seldom interest
ing. We think our newspapers
will be more interesting if they
express opinions.
Hence newspaper editorials.
rPHIS Question is often asked
A no Deorile read editorials?
T think thev do IF THE EDI
TORIALS ARE WORTH READ
ING.
A NOTHER frequent question
. Do editorials infl u e n c e
elections?
Personally, I don't care.
think newspapers HAVE NO
BUSINESS trying to win elec
tions. Their job is to tell the
news and express their opinions.
XTEWSPAPERS are intensely
interested in what people
read. Our nationwide industry
organization is the American
Newsnaoer Publishers Associa
tion ANPA for short Several
years ago the ANPA sponsored
a nationwide study of news
paper readership. It cost several
million dollars and among other
things it developed this startling
fact:
THE AVERAGE READER
READS ONLY 16 STORIES IN
EACH DAY'S COPY OF HIS
NEWSPAPER.
That scared us half out of our
boots until we realized that NO
Gornu
Semi-Independent Rule Attempt
By CHARLES M. McCANN
United Press Correspondent
Wladyslaw Gomulka is under
going a severe new test of his
strength in his attempt to rule
Poland as a
semi - inde
pendent Com
munist leader.
The rioting
which broke
out in Warsaw
last Thursday,
was started by
students in
protest against
Charles M. McCann the suppres
sion of a newspaper which had
consistently accused Gomulka
of subservience to Soviet Russia.
Over the week end, young
hoodlums took the leading part
in the riots. But the students
continued to demand that the
ban on their weekly newspaper
Pro Prosty (Plain Speaking) be
removed.
So far, Gomulka's civil mili
tiamen who constitute the main
police force have been able to
break up all disorderly assem
blies without any serious blood
shed.
But where they started out
by using truncheons and tear
gas, they are now carrying
rifles.
Big Danger Looms
The question is whether the
rioting can be confined to its
present limits. The big danger is
that industrial workers might
decide to start strikes to back
up their own demands for great
er freedom and higher pay.
While Gomulka is facing this
situation, he is still under attack
by "Stalinist" members of his
Communist party who do not
like his independent attitude
and... accuse him of leading Po
land back toward capitailsm
Soviet Russia- probably is
watching the Warsaw situation
TWO PEOPLE READ THE
SAME 16 STORIES.
rPHAT fact is fundamental in
A newspaper making.
No two people are cast in the
same mold out of identical ma
terials. No two people think
exactly alike. No two people are
interested in exactly the same
things. You may pick up this
newspaper and skim throught
and say there's NOTHING IN
IT. The next person who picks
it up may find it INTENSELY
interesting.
We have to take all that into
consideration in making news
papers.
XTEWSPAPERS have two
sources of revenue adver
tising and circulation. In rough
figures and using broad, general
averages, advertising represents
about 80 per cent of a news
paper's income and circulation
about 20 per cent.
That brings up the subject of
readership again. How many
people read ads? Along that
line, the Klamath' Falls Herald
and News had a very interesting
experience, back in 1947. News
print paper was then very
scarce as it has been practical
ly every year since until this
year. We overshot the mark in
the last quarter and used too
much paper. We ended the year
with only a few tons left and no
more obtainable. For five weeks
we had to run a little eight-page
tabloid (half size) newspaper
WITH NO ADVERTISING IN
IT. We scornfully dubbed it
Junior.
We kept a careful record of
complaints which by the end
of the five weeks mounted up
to more than 4,000. This sur
prised us:
MORE THAN 90 PER CENT
OF THEM SAID" THE NEWS
CONTENT OF "JUNIOR" WAS
ALL RIGHT BUT FOR HEAV
EN'S SAKE WHEN WERE WE
GOING TO PUT THE ADVER
TISING BACK IN!
The advertising, these critics
said, was the most interesting
part of the paper.
fkNE more point in closing this
" Newspaper Week disserta
tion. ;
In earlier and simpler years,
news stories were built around
four "musts:" Who, what, when,
where. That is to say, it was
held professionally that what
the reader wanted to know was
who did it, what he did, when he
did it and where it happened.
In these more complex times,
a fifth. must has been added
WHY. People now want to know
not only who it was, what it
was, when it as and where it
was but WHY IT HAPPENED.
In a wide range of news in these
days the WHY OF IT is more
interesting than the who, the
what, the when and the where
of it.
Jasper Lumber Co,
Destroyed by Fire
Springfield (IP) The Jas
per Lumber Co. at Jasper, about
eight miles southeast of here,
was destroyed by fire Monday
evening.
Owners of the company, Mr.
and Mrs. Clarence Kaizer of Jas
per, estimated the loss of the
building and its contents in ex
cess of $30,000. Firemen said
cause of the blaze was not im
mediately known.
Ilea Facing Severe Test in
with as much interest as is Gc
mulka.
Gomulka is no pin-up boy in
Moscow. His election as first
secretary of the Communist par
ty last October, after imprison
ment as a rebel, was a big defeat
for Russian Communism. The
only kind of Communist that
Russia likes is one who follows
the Moscow party line.
Possible Russian Intervention
If Gomulka lost control of the
situation because of anti-govern
ment riots, it is certain that Rus
sia would have to intervene as
it did in Hungary and crush op
position by brutal force.
But the revulsion against the
Hungarian intervention through
out the world, not only in West
ern countries but in the "neu
tralist" ones and in Communist
parties themselves, must be
fresh in Kremlin minds.
For that reason, it is likely
that Soviet Russia leaders will
be glad if Gomulka can keep
control of things..
Matter of Fact by
THE KEY QUESTION
Paris The stern repression of
the Warsaw students raises a
very solemn question. It is sol-
e m n because
the answer in
t i m a te ly af
fects all calcu
lations of the
world future.'
But it is a
question that
can be simply
phrased:
Does not a
"liberalizing"
Joseph Alsop
movement in a Communist soci
ety always carry within itself
the seeds of its own destruction?
All the anxious hopes, all the
easy optimism of the years. since
the death of Joseph Stalin have
been squarely founded on the
assumption that a Communist so
ciety could indeed be gradually
"liberalized.". From Nikita
Khruschev to John Foster Dul
les, from Harold MacMillan to
Mao Tse-Tung, statesmen have
acted, or at least have seemed
to act on this assumption. But
is the assumption at all well
founded?
The question does not have to
be asked just because of Poland
The Polish government has ac
corded to its people an immeas
urably greater degree of free
dom than any other Communist
government has even thought of
permitting. In Poland, there
fore, checks, effervescenes, even
open struggles really have to be
expected. And the checks may
not be final. ,
"DUT what has happened in Po
land has also happened in
different ways in every other
Communist country in which the
iron bonds of Stalinism have
been at all relaxed. The same
morning parier that carried the
news from Warsaw also told of
Yugoslavia's verdict on Milovan
Djilas. And there are many oth
er, more decisive reasons for
thinking that the Yugoslavs are
currently moving away from the
West and drawing closer to the
Kremlin.
Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia
was the originator of "National
Communism" and he pleaded
with all his might for Soviet lib
eration of the satellites, up to
the moment, of the Hungarian re
volt. Then, when the Commu
nist party's rule in Hungary be
gan to be jeopardized, he switch
ed over to support of the grim
Kadar regime. In the same fash
ion, the Chinese leaders support
ed and strongly encouraged Po
land's Wladyslaw Gomulka un
til last winter, when Chou en
Lai went to Warsaw to warn
Gomulka not to go too far.
Within China, too, an attempt
to "liberalize" has been followed
by a hasty and very ugly retreat.
Freedom of discussion and criti
cism were proclaimed by Mao
Tse-Tung himself when he an
nounced his doctorine of "the
Counsel With . . .
Mr. Insurance Fred Brennan
Kiaaft : mm f h i
Fred Brennan
Or Call
Mr. Friendly
Bill Fish
Phone SP-2-4940
MEDFORD
INSURANCE
, AGENCY
27 NORTH HOLLY ST.
It is one of the strange angles
of the present situation that the
Roman Catholic church in Po
land, despite its detestation of
everything that Communism
represents, has supported Go
mulka ever since he was re
stored as Communist leader and
Poland's real ruler.
Stefan Cardinal Wyszynskl,
Roman Catholic primate of Po
land, called for support of
Gomulka in the elections he
called after his victory in estab
lishing himself as at least semi
independent of Moscow rule.
On Sunday, Wyszynski again
came out in Gomulka's support.
In a sermon marking the
opening of the academic year,
Wyszynski said to students:
"I can understand your yearn
ing for freedom of speech and
thought. But you should respect
what you have."
He also told the students that
they must understand that "our
country is in a particularly dif
ficult situation." !
Joseph Alsop
hundred flowers blooming to
gether." The results so appalled
the Chinese leadership that the
period of the hundred flowers
has now merged into a new pe
riod of brutal, rigid and fre
quently bloody repression of all
of the regime.
"FINALLY, the same pattern of
cautious advance and hasty
retreat has been obviously dis
cernible in the Soviet Union it
self in the years since Stalin's
death. There is no doubt at all
that within the Kremlin Nikita
Khrushchev was the chief spon
sor of the policy of greater liber
ty for the satellites. Most prob
ably, he was also a chief sponsor
of the "thaw" in Russian intel
lectual life. But now he is back
ing away hard from both these
policies.
Khrushchev, Mao. Tito and
Gomulka all have this in com
mon, that they are what one
might call human Communists,
as opposed to the inhuman Com
munists of the Stalin school. Be
ing human, they do not lack
sympathy for the normal human
impulses and aspirations, includ
ing even the unquenchable aspir
ation of every man to be his own
master. .
All in their different ways,
and in their different degrees,
have sought to satisfy the human
aspirations of their peoples. But
in each case, what has happened.
In each case, the relaxation of
the old,-iron bonds has immedii
ately encouraged the people to
challenge the sacred authority
of the sacred Communist party
iii one way or another. And in
each case,' these human Commu
nist leaders have at once remem
bered that they were Commu
nists first and human second,
and have acted to safeguard the
party's holy prerogatives.
rpHAT is the way it looks from V
here, at any rate. The real
test case is Poland, whose bold
experiment with freedom so re
cently and so profoundly stirred
and excited this reporter. An
other visit to Warsaw seems to
be immediately indicated, in or
der to try to find out whether
the Polish gamble, as I called it,
has really gone hopelessly and .
finally sour.
One cannot judge facts with
any certainty at all except by
the first hand study. But one
thing at least is absolutely cer
tain. If the general pattern
above-examined really is mean
ingful," then the whole western
world outlook and policy stand
is in need of radical revision.
For if Communist societies can-
not evolve towards freedom, as
Secretary Dulles keeps telling
us they are doing and will go on
doing, then the policies now be?
ing pursued are about on a level
with the policy of Baldwin and
Chamberlain.
(c) 1957, New York Her-
aid Tribune Inc.)
Don't be subjected to
undue fright
You may never get hit by
a Moon Satellite,
But if you desire complete
protection,
Our "policies will suit you
to perfection.
Bill Fish