0
3
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Flight or Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30 and
40 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Oci. 3, 1947 (Friday)
With the theme "The Truth -of
Youth" Oregon Gideons open
first annual state conclave here
with parade on Main st.
From Arthur Perry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: "St. Louis
took advantage of its 11 hits and
nine walks to snore in every in
ning." (Sports page) Trying to
wake up the umpires.
20 YEARS AGO
Oct. 3, 1937 (Sunday)
Farmer attacked and injured
by a bull, expected to leave
Osteopathic clinic in Medford
soon. "
Life In Henry street settle
ment, New York City, described
to Jackson county health work
ers by city and county nurses,
former workers there.
30 YEARS AGO
Oct. 3, 1927 (Monday)
Car of Bartletts sells for $5.10
a box in New York, Bardwell
Fruit company announces.
County health officer discov
ers case of infantile paralysis
near the county fair grounds; no
more cases reported in city.
40 YEARS AGO
Oct. 3. 1917 (Wednesday)
The matter of Southern Pa
cific trains blocking street cross
ings discussed by city council;
no action taken.
Large silver mine is reported
to be located in the hills near
Jacksonville.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nine or ten correct Is superior;
seven or eight is excellent: five or
six Is good
1. Does arid refer to dryness,
acidity, or bitterness?
2. Which eastern State is nick
named "Garden State?"
3. Bible: Joseph, Mary and
Jesus, before crossing into Egypt
are said to have found safe ref
uge in the famous Jewish bal
sam gardens of M a?
4. Is petrel another name for
gasoline?
5. The U. S. Weather Bureau
reported that weather forecasts
average about 65, 75, or 85 per
cent correct?
6. A nine-killer is a bird, mam
mal, or reptile?
7. Helsinki is the capital of
which country?
8. Lard is a product obtained
from what animal?
9. What is the singular of
axes?
10. "The reason that husbands
and wives do not understand
each other is because they be
long to"- what?
Answers: 1. Dryness. 2. New
Jersey. 3. Mataria. 4. No, (it is
then ame of a seabird). 5. 85
per cent correct. 6. A bird, (the
shrike). 7. Finland. 8. The hog.
9. Axe or axis. 10. "Different
sexes." Dorothy Dix.
SCALES OF JUSTICE
Memphis, Tenn. fin Rob
ert Lee Park, 432-p o u n d
estranged husband of a strip
tease artist, was held today on
charges of passing three phony
checks because "it's just too
much exertion to work." Police
said Park, 32, of San Antonio,
Tex., is wanted in eight other
states on bad check charges.
Officers said they had to weigh
the suspect on cotton scales be
cause police scales didn't go
high enough.
MAIL TRIBUNE
Who Reads Editorials?
Ever since ex-Governor Sprague, editor and pub
lisher of the Salem Statesman, told the Oregon Edi
torial conference at Timberline lodge that few
people read newspaper editorials, practically every
newspaper in the state, except this one, has com
mented upon it.
As far as we have observed, the reactions varied,
all the way from partial agreement to partial dis
agreement. This is natural. For no one really KNOWS.
At least to our knowledge, there has never been
an accurate or responsible survey of the press as a
whole and had there been, the margin of error in
surveys of any kind, is notoriously large.
"THERE is one factor in such a determination which
again, as far as our observation goes has not
been mentioned, or if mentioned, not adequately
emphasized.
That is reader-interest in editorials varies greatly
with conditions especially political ones.
Certainly no newspaper man would deny that
editorials are read far more generally during im
portant elections, than between them.
Our guess would be the variance would add up to
at least 25 to 30 perhaps even a greater per cent.
"I17E know from experience that during the "Ku
' " Klux Klan" excitement in Southern Oregon in
the early 20's, and the "Good Government" uprising
in the early 30's, it seemed to this department, that
practically EVERYONE read the M.T. editorials.
And a great number were in violent disagreement,
ranging from cancelling subscriptions, through advertising-boycotts,
to anonymous threats of bodily
harm. ' .
We realize this isn't a reliable index to either
determination of the reader-coefficient or reader
approval, for it is a known fact in this business, that
those who DON'T like editorials are far more dis
posed to "take pen in hand" than those who do.
DUT even so, there is no reasonable doubt, as far as
this department is concerned, that two or three
times as many subscribers read this paper's editorials
in those hectic days, than read them now.
And for a very simple reason.
Everyone in the townsite and environs was con
cerned and aroused, the community was divided into
two hostile camps and what the paper had to say on
the situation, interested practically everyone, for the
outcome was something that vitally affected them.
CO editorials became, in a sense "big news." That
condition fortunately does not exist today. We
hope it will never return. But if it should, then, as we
see it, there would be a marked up-surge in the im
portance and the reading of editorials.
In other wTords
a variable factor that to
high without taking into
the field concerned, at any given time, is rather a
futile business.
AND what applies to the editorial department ap
plies also to the news department.
When a war is on, world or civil, when a new
President is to be elected or a local uprising of some
sort has broken out, up go the street sales, the sub
scription lists, and from the first page to the last,
there is sharp surge in reader interest which means
the paper is more thoroughly read.
But when nothing much is happening politically
or otherwise in Little Rock, Big Bend or elsewhere,
the graph drops as Wall Street did in 1929, and not
only are the editorials read less, but the entire paper
except perhaps the front page headlines, and sports
when the World Series or a Big Game is on.
TTHERE is another factor in the editorial-reading
field that should be considered before any sweep
ing generalizations are made.
Interest in the editorial page varies greatly with
different newspapers. Take the New'York Times, for
example. We venture to say that a high percentage of
its readers seldom miss the editorial page. There are
several reasons for this. The Times subscribers as a
whole, are in the Upper Brackets educationally, cul
turally and financially, the editorials, while lacking
usually in humor and color, are extremely fair, intel
ligent, and as far as a literate and vigorous editorial
page CAN be, non-partisan. In all elections, or on
important national issues, it takes a definite stand,
but it has no blind loyalty to any party.
As a result editorially it enjoys tremendous re
spect and prestige, is widely read and often quoted.
On the other hand we doubt if the editorial pages
of the N.Y. "News" or Mirror are read at all regularly
by over 10 of their subscribers and are seldom
quoted.
CO we might go on and on but enough.
The only point we wish to make, as of now, is
that there is such a variance in the reading of the edi
torial page, depending upon its quality and the sur
rounding circumstances, at any given time, that to be
definite or dogmatic about its present status, comes,
as we see it, under the heading of a "waste of time."
We are referring only to how much the editorial
page is read, not to the INFLUENCE it has.
The question of "influence" is another story,
rather a long one, and far easier to determine.
R.W.R.
Thursday, October 3. 1957
reader-interest in editorials is such
declare it too low or too
account the conditions in
'I'll TELL VA WW TUB POOR. Kife BATlH' SO MANY H0TDO3S:
I HfS F0IK& ARB VG7ABLETAJ2IANSt
Today and
By Walter
THE ARMY AT LITTLE ROCK
The situation at Little Rock is
one which is not uncommon in
human affairs that there is not
in sight the
prospect of a
solution which
can win, gener
al appr oval.
The President
cannot hope to
be faithful to
his commit
ments and at
the same time
Walter Lippmann to satlSly SUCn
eminent Southern leaders as
Byrd, Byrnes, and Russell not
to mention demagogues like Fau
bus. There exists a national predic
ament, with the President in the
middle of it. Since the issue can
not be settled by agreement, the
first necessity is that the issue
should be clearly and precisely
defined. Men of honor and good
will can live together, though
they disagree, if it is quite clear
what it is that they differ about.
It is of the utmost importance,
therefore, that there should come
from the White House an exact
and authoritative statement as
to why the Arkansas National
Guard was Federalized, why
Federal troops were sent into
Little Rock, how those Federal
troops can be withdrawn, how
the National Guard can be re
stored to the control of the state
of Arkansas.
ON TWO occasions after his
conference . with Governor
Faubus in Newport and in his
broadcast last week the Presi
dent did not define the real rea
son which justified, and indeed
compelled, him to take the mili
tary measures. The real reason
was that Governor Faubus, by
ordering the National Guard to
bar the Negro children and then
by withdrawing it in the face of
a mob, had emasculated the law
enforcing power of the state of
Arkansas. Taking Governor Fau
bus's explanation at its face val
ue, it comes down to a plea that
the state of Arkansas was unable
to preserve order at the school
unless he nullified the law. Thus,
there existed a vacuum in the
law enforcing powers of the sov
ereign state of Arkansas and it
was this vacuum that the Fed
eral government has been com
pelled to fill.
On Saturday, i his telegram
to Senator Russell, the President
had been better advised than at
the Newport conference and in
his broadcast. He arrived at the
real issue, which, as he put it, is
that "the police" powers of the
state of Arkansas" have "been
utilized ... to frustrate the or
der of the court." This is solid
ground for him to stand upon.
For men like Byrd, Byrnes, and
Russell have not said, and would
not say, that a state may use the
National Guard to nullify the
laws of the United States.
THE exact definition of the real
issue is of crucial importance
in dealing with the question of
how the Federal power can be
withdrawn from Little Rock.
This is the question which the
President agreed to discuss with
the committee of five governors,
headed by Governor Collins of
Florida, who represent the
Southern Governors' Confer
ence. This question has two parts.
One is when can the Federal
troops from the airborne divi
sion be withdrawn? The other is
when can the Arkansas National
Guard be discharged from the
Federal service?
The answer to the first ques
tion is that the Federal troops
can be withdrawn as soon as the
Arkansas National Guard, now
under Federal orders, is judged
to be able and willing to pre
serve order and to enforce the
law.
The answer to the second ques
tion is, I submit, that the Na
tional Guard cannot be dis
charged from the Federal serv
ice untir the Governor of Ar
M
Tomorrow
Lippmann
kansas reverses his orders to the
National Guard, and commits it
to enforce the law and to pre
serve order. The Federal inter
vention can end only when the
police powers of the state of Ar
kansas have become again agen
cies for the enforcement of the
law. The President cannot agree
to anything less than this condi
tion. To do so would be to estab
lish an intolerable, and an infi
nitely dangerous, precedent
that a state may use its troops to
nullify the laws of the United
States.
HAVING settled this, we must
remain acutely aware that
integration in the public schools
nf- thp South cannot be treated
solely or mainly as a problem in
Federal law enforcement, mat
was the vice of Title 3 of the
Civil Rights bill that Congress
dealt with during the summer.
Integration is a problem in per
suasion and consent, which can
not be solved by injunctions and
soldiers.
My own view has been that we
ought long since have begun
"asking ourselves whether the
decision of the Supreme Court
does not need to be supplement
ed" by a national policy and pro
gram of guidance and aid as to
when, where, how far and how
fast, integration should proceed
in different school districts, and
at the various levels of the ele
mentary school, the high school,
the college, and the professional
schools.
"The wisest policy is to pro
ceed by stages, beginning as soon
as possible with integration in
the universities, in the graduate
schools of law, medicine, educa
tion, engineering, theology and
where it can be done without
causing social convulsions in the
bigger colleges. The object of
this would be to train a new gen
eration of white and colored men
and women who will be the lead
ers in their communities."
THIS last paragraph was writ
ten a year ago. It was writ
ten in the conviction that the
worst place to begin integration
is in co-educational schools for
teen-agers, and that' the best
place to begin integration is at
the level of higher education. I
do not believe that it is now wise,
or indeed possible, to combine
for adolescent school children
co-education with integration. It
is wise and it is possible to open
up higher educationv
It is, I think, significant that
at the level of higher education
Arkansas is a leader in integra
tion among the Southern states.
(Copyright 1957, New York
Herald Tribune, Inc.)
STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP.
MANAGEMENT, CIRCULATION. RE
QUIRED BY THE ACTS OF CON
GRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912, AS
AMENDED BY THE ACT OF MARCH
3, 1933, AND JULY 2, 1946.
Of Medford Mail Tribune published
dailv except Saturday at Medford.
Oregon, for October 1, 1957.
1 The names and addresses of the
publisher, editor, managing editor, and
business managers are:
Publisher, Medford Printing Com
pany, Medford.' Oregon, Editor, Rob.
W. jtuhl. Medford, Oregon; Managing
Editor. Eric Allen, Jr., Medford, Ore
gon; Business Manager. Gerald T.
Latham, Medford. Oregon.
2. The owner is:
Medford Printing Company, Med
ford, Ore.; Mabel W. Ruhl. Medford,
Ore.; Robt. W. Ruhl, Medford. Ore.;
Roxanne Ruhl Simmons. Mt. Kisco,
N.Y.; Alicia Ruhl MacArthur, Dickin
son Centre, N.Y.; Alta Lindsey. Med
ford. Ore.; Herbert G. Grey, Medford,
Ore.; Abbie L. Ferguson, Medford, Ore.
3. The known bondholders, mortga
gees and other security holders owning
or holding 1 per cent or more of total
amount of bonds., mortgages or other
securities are: none.
4 Paragraphs 2 and 3 include, n
cases where the stockholder or secur
ity holder appears upon the books of
the company as trustee or in any
other fiduciary relation, the name of
the person or corporation for whom
such trustee is acting; also the state
ments in the two paragraphs show the
affiant's full knowledge and belief as
to the circumstances and conditions
under which stockholders and security
holders who do not appear upon the
books of the company as trustees,
hold stock and securities in a capacity
other than that of a bona fide owner.
5. .The average number of copies of
each issue of this publication sold or
distributed, through the mails or
otherwise, to paid subscribers during
the 12 months preceding the date
shown above was 15,790.
GERALD T. LATHAM
Signature of Business Manager.
Sworn to and subscribed before me
this 3rd day of October, 1957.
Alta Lindsey
Notary Public
My commission expires Oct. 16, 1957.
Generalissimo Franco
No Signs of Relinquishing Power
By CHARLES M. McCANN
Un ited Press Correspondent
Generalissimo Francisco Fran
co of Spain evidently has decid
ed to stay around a while instead
of putting
Prince Juan
Carlos 'on the
throne.
Just a few
months ago
there were
reports
that Franco
was getting
Charles MeCano ready to retire
and restore the monarchy.
But now he has made it plain
that he still likes his job and
that any change in the form
of .government is a matter for
the indefinite future.
Franco celebrated on Tues
day the 21st anniversary of the
day when, just after the out
break of the Spanish Civil war,
a conference of Nationalist lead
ers fighting against the Repub
lican government named him
chief of state El Caudillo,
the leader.
In an interview on the anni
versary, Franco said:
"Work and difficulties never
have tired me. On the contrary
they stimulate me.
Loves Difficulty
"If this post I occupy in the
nation's service were easy and
simple, I would have retired
long ago and would have sought
something more difficult. In
some ways you might . say that
I do not fear but love difficulty."
The anniversary finds Franco
at 64, in good health, an untir
ing hunter and deep sea fisher
man, and unchallenged leader
,of his 29 million people.
Spain's economy is weak.
There are occasional demonstra
tions by students who are dis
satisfied with political conditions
want higher pay to meet rising
living costs.
Armed Forces Give
Salute to Wilson
Washington (IF) The armed
forces flex their might in a fare
well salute today to their boss
for the past five years, Defense
Kerretarv Chnrlps V.. Wilson.
The 67-year-old industrialist
who has presided over revolu-
tionary new developments in
American military power will re
view marching troops from all
the services while guns boom and
jets whoosh overhead in the spe
cial afternoon ceremony at near
by Ft. Myer, Va.
Secretaries of the armed
forces and the joint chiefs of
staff are staging the mustering
out tribute. Wilson leaves man
agement of the world's biggest
business, the 38-billion-dollar-a-year
defense establishment Wed
nesday. He will be succeeded by
Proctor & Gamble President
Neil H. McElroy.
President Eisenhower person
ally acclaimed Wilson's leader
ship. He said under him "the
strength of our security forces
has not only been maintained
but has been significantly in
creased." Son's Illness Not
To Half Queen's Trip
London (IP) Queen Eliza
beth will go to the United States
and Canada on schedule this
month despite the fact her son
has flu, informed sources predic
ted today.
They said 8-year-old Prince
Charles, who was put in the
infirmary at Cheam School on
Wednesday, probably would be
well again by the time the Queen
and Prince Philip are scheduled
to start their trip Oct. 12.
Word of Prince Charles' ill
ness, was sent to Buckingham
Palace Wednesday.
It appeared to be a mild form
of flu now sweeping Britain
The Therapy of "FRIENDS"
When the going gets a little rough, how many times have you, yourself,
either said or heard, "I just don't know what I'd have done if it hadn't been for
my friends. Everyone's been so kind, and it certainly has made things much
easier to take."
At no time is. this more evident, or expressed offener than in a time of
bereavement. That is when friendship has a healing quality that is both needed
and appreciated.
It is a source of utmost satisfaction to us to know that at such times we have
been able to establish lasting friendships with those whom we have served.
To make a friend, one has to be a friend.
DAY OR NIGHT PHONE SP 2-8030
Chapel Mortuary
Across from the Courthouse
Frank Morgan Harold Snodgrass
FUNERAL DIRECTORS
There is some opposition in
side the Falange, the sole legal
political party, to Franco's plan
to put Juan Carlos eventually
on the throne which his grand
father Alfonso XIII lost in 1931
when Spain became a republic.
But there is no real challenge
to Franco's rule. Franco certain
ly has brought Spain a long
way.
Bitterness against him con
tinued in many countries when
the Civil War ended in his vic
tory five months before World
War II broke out.
Boycott Declared
In 1946, the United Nations
General Assembly declared a
diplomatic boycott against Fran
co as a fascist dictator.
That boycott was called off
in 1950. In 1953, Franco enter
ed into a treaty conceding the
United States facilities for im
portant air and naval bases in
Matter of Fact by joSePh ais0P
POLAND: THE AMERICAN
INTEREST
Warsaw All free men every
where must wish for the success
of this curious but exhilarating
Polish experi
ment in free
dom, which is
being made
behind the
famous iron
curt ain and
under the
1 e adership of
a government
of indoctrinat
ed Communists
Joseph Alsop
But wishes, as country people
say, are not horses. The suc
cess of the Polish experiment
not only depends on the efforts
of the Polish people and the
wisdom of the Polish leaders.
It not 'only depends on continu
ing non-interference by the Sov
iet Union. It also depends on the
help and sympathy of the free
world, and especially on the help
and sympathy of the American
government.
Before very long, Polish rep
resentatives will be negotiating
for a new American credit, very
much larger than the $90,000,000
credit granted last year. In the
circumstances, it is urgently im
portant to try to dif ine . the
precise nature of the American
interest in the new Poland. Any
such definition must begin with
a negative. It will not serve the
interests of the United States or
of the free world to, disturb or
disrupt the peculiar e x i sting
relationship between Poland and
the Soviet Union. In present
circumstances, any such disrup
tion or disturbance can only
lead to another Hungary, on an
inconcievably vaster and more
horrible scale. One was enough
.
"TUT if helping Poland is not
a promising "move in the
cold war," one can hear the
Congressmen asking, 'then why
help Poland at all?" The answer
is simple. Helping Poland is a
good though admittedly spe-
, il ; A X I AT-
cuiauve investment in ine even
tual end of the cold war; and
it is the only such investment
this reporter can think of.
The world today is not danger
ously divided by differences be
tween economic theories. Brit
ish Socialism and American Cap
italism have been perfectly able
to collaborate. The world today
is dangerously divided rather,
because of the great gulf that
separates the free and the un
free. And Poland is the one
center of real freedom beyond
the grim dividing line that cuts
the world in half.
There is no likelihood that Po
lish freedom will ever include
"free enterprise" in any recogni
zable form. But personal free
dom, religious freedom, and
freedom for the peasantry to till
their plots in peace, already add
up to a lot of freedom. They add
up to more than enough free
dom, in fact, to make Poland
an enormous potential influence
in all the part of the world that
Showing
Spain. In 1955, Spain was ad
mitted into the UN.
-This year Spain, long plagued
by drought, has harvested an
excellent cereal crop. Franco
has received about 600 million
dollars in direct and indirect aid
from the United States since the
bases agreement was signed.
Juan Carlos, now 19, is being
groomed by Franco to restore
the Bourbon dynasty. He has
been commissioned a second
lieutenant in the army after two
years of study at the Saragossa
Military academy. Now he has
entered the naval academy for
a one-year course. Then he will
attend the Air Force academy
for another year.
Finally, he probably will
round out his education at a
university unless, of course,
Franco changes his mind about
retiring, or disability or death
! leaves the leadership vacant.
is still unfree. In all this vast
region of our globe's surface,
the Polish experiment is being
watched with desperate interest
and widespread envy for the
freedom that exists here.
I
N ALL this same vast region.
moreover, the forms of soc
iety and the structures of gov
ernment are now slowly, un
predictably and c o n v u lsively
changing and evolving. In the
Soviet Union, particularly, the
pressure to change and evolve is
very great indeed. For the Sov
iet Union has now experienced a
successful industrial revolution,
which always c h a nges every
thing in the end.
The question, therefore, is not
whether changes will come in
the unfree part of the world. The
question is what kind of changes
will come. One can imagine a
new Stalinist terror, which will
doom the world to war and the
new Poland to destruction. One
can imagine a gradual, stop
again progress in the direction
Poland has taken. One can im
agine all sorts of in-between re
sults. The situation may not seem
fluid, any more than a glacier
seems fluid. But it is moving all
the same, just as a glacier moves.
The success or failure of the
Polish experiment .is sure to
play a big part in determining
the direction of the movement.
This is all the more true, pre
cisely because "Poland belongs
to the Socialist camp" as all the
Polish leaders insist. Out side
"the Socialist camp" Poland
would have no influence at all. i
Inside "the Socialist camp" Po-'
land can have immense influ
ence. And if the Polish experi
ment truly succeds. then Po
land's influence must surely
tend to blur the dangerous divid
ing line between the free and
the unfree.
F
S THE American interest In
Poland? It is vividly clear
to anyone who has seen both
Poland and the Soviet Union in
the short space of the last six
months, as this reporter has
done. It is the hardest kind of
political reality.
It will not be cheap to give
Poland the needed help. No good
will be done by another gesture
that is "too little and too late,"
as Sen. Kennedy r i g h t ly de
scribed the last Polish loan. Com
modity loans of about $200,000,
000 will be required for next
year. Otherwise reserve stocks .
will be lacking, and the Gomulka
government will be unable to ,
keep its promise to the peasants
to end forced deliveries. If the
limping Polish economy is to
begin moving forward, industrial
credits on a considerable scale
will also be essential. But re
member that these sums are to
Be invested, not in mere passive
defense in the cold war, but in
the future hope of real peace.
Then the sums needed seem
small indeed.
(c) 1957 New York
Herald Tribune Inc.