Thursday. JuJr 23. 19ST
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE NINE
Many Questions Remain Unanswered as SL Lawrence Seaway Work Goes Ahead
Editor's aot.: Following it th
fourth in . five-part lerin on the
t. I.wrenre Hnwir. The ..rl.t
prepared y Kobert E. Jaekion,
I ntted Pres Correspondent who
toured the beaway route.
By ROBERT E. JACKSON
United Press Correspondent
Along The Creat Lakes W
Controversy is a permanent pas
senger on the St. Lawrence Sea
wav. ,
What tolls to charge?. Will
Canada build its own parallel
seaway? Will the project pay for
itself as planned? Will the chan
nels have to be deepened again?
Will industry really shift from
rail to water?
Few issues stirred such hot
debate as that six-letter word
"seaway" in the half-century be
fore Congress, afraid Canada
woud "go it alone," finally ap
proved the project In 1955. '
T'u, railroads' and eastarn
ports, fearing competition, had
been the main opponents on
grounds it was a waste of money.
But when the steel companies
saw the opportunity for cheap
transport of Labrador iron, they
threw their support to the Sea
way. Treasury Secretary George
Humphrey was an iron man
and in the cabinet. Opposition
i crumbled, construction began,
j In the words of N. R. Daniel
; ian, chief pilot of the Seaway on
its voyage through the Washing
ton political rapids, "the Sea
way is not a magic wand which
will make the desert bloom."
Many Problems Remain
j There remain problems as big
and deep as the new channels.
! And w here there are problems,
I there are arguments.
The open battle against the
; Seaway has ended. Some east
j ern railroads like the New York
' Central and Pennsylvania are
j climbing aboard the gravy boat
I with expansion plans near the
l lake ports.
j But sniper fire can be heard
all over the lakes as the "men of
i the seaway" blast each other.
Target for most of the pot
shots is Danielian, a 50-year old
former economics professor at
Harvard, Massachusetts-born of
Armenian extraction. He is pres-
' ident of the Great Lakes - St.
i Lawrence Association, repre
! senting industrial and farm in
! terests, and chairman of the
j Seaway Users Committee on
4 una.
Along the lakes men accuse
Danielian of "undermining" the
project he helped pioneer. By
speaking of its limitations, he is
going to scare away potential
foreign trade, they fear.
For Industrial Use
Danielian replies that he is
only being realistic. The Sea-
I way is going to be used mainly
' by industry for bulk cargo
' : .e . yi " ',J
0
iv. a
V Hi
fz
i for removing raw materials.
While the Seaway can clear 32
ships a day, the Welland Canal
i between Lakes Ontario and Erie I
can handle only 28. This, says
Danielian, means only 21 mil
lion tons of NEW tonnage
most of it domestic.
Danielian also fears that the
j tolls will be so high that the
I Seaway may price itself out of
competition. On the other hand,
; if the tolls are kept low enough
i to foster trade, then, he warns,
j the Seaway cannot possibly pay
for itself in 50 years.
Lewis G. Castle, the Duluth
banker who moved over from
Danielian's association to be
come administrator of the, St.
Lawrence Seaway Development
Corp. in Washington, retorts
that the tolls will be low enough
to insure use and the corpora
tion will pay off its 140 million
dollar debt to the U.S. Treasury
on schedule.
The cost of the Seaway has
doubled since the first estimates
in 1953, due to rising construc
tion costs, extras tossed into the
ENCSID IN A HAPPY PORTRAIT A bea
;roand her at Santa Marinella, Italy for th
ei hfir twins, little Ingrid, 5. The other twin
.fcnrry Ann Lindstrom, 19. Jenny Ann, da
I. Fet Lindstrom of Hollywood, is visit
rtaicK were circulating that Ingrid's bus
lm, tteairetl to bring home with him an In
s&gbMaaUy linked.
ming Ingrid Bergman gathers her children
is happy family portrait. Ingrid holds one
sits between Robertino Rossellini, 7, and
ughter of the actress previous marriage to
ing her mother for the summer. Meanwhile,
band, Italian movie director Roberto Rosel
dian beauty with whom he has been rc-
Prison Garden Club
Declared Beneficial
Joliet, 111. HP) One of the
most exclusive garden clubs in
the United States is at State
ville Penitentiary.
"Gardening helps the time
pass," Warden Joseph E. Ragen
explained.
Ragen believes gardening,
with its closeness to nature,
"changes the attitude of even the
most hardened men."
"Working in the gardens makes
them feel good because they are
doing something constructive
many for the first time in their
lives," he said.
He said many convicts train
ed in gardening and horticulture
have turned to professional gar
dening as a livelihood when they
were released.
"It has turned many towards
profitable,' law-abiding lives,"
he added.
Ragen, himself a veteran gar
dener, began Stateville's Ilower
raising program 20 years ago
because "men were silting
around with nothing to do but
get into trouble."
Now Slateville raises half a
million flower plants a year.
Arizona has a total area of
131,956 square miles and is
smaller only than Tebas. Calif
ornia, Montana or New Mexico.
project and the necessity to cor
rect an oversight which failed
to provide navigational aids for
shipping in the original plans.
Original calculations were
based on estimated tolls of 50
cents a ton for bulk cargo like
iron and $1.25 for general
package cargo.
Deficits Inevitable
According to Danielian, these
tolls would have paid -for the
Seaway on schedule only if the
original costs had held. But with
the doubled cost, he says, "defi
cits are inevitable" in the early
years and the corporation will
have to lengthen the pay-out,
defer payment of the principal
or refinance at lower interest.
.P. M. Shoemaker, president of
the New York State Chamber
of Commerce and also presi
dent of the Delaware, Lacka
wanna and Western Railroad
seized on this to declare "the
pattern for ,the lake ports, fol
lowed by subsidy-hungry ship
pers and shipping interests . . .
points toward tolls being eli
minated and American taxpay
ers paying the entire bill."
Seaway administrators, who
must collect S24-S28 million a
year in tolls, insist there will
be no shift to the taxpayer's
pocket.
Other problems:
Chambers of commerce along
tlie lakes traditionally opposed
the Seaway and have been
forced to turn turtle to support
it, not always enthusiastically.
Port directors and harbor com
missioners in many cities have
been caughf in a local political
musical chairs game. They are
caught between cries that "you
are spending all our money for
nothing" and "you're' doing
nothing while (Jthers grab the
gravy."
Need New Rates
The lake ports need new export-import
rates for goods mov
ing by rail to their docks. At
present, a Springfield, 111.,
heavy machinery maker spends
SI 8 a ton shipping to Chicago
what he can send half way
across the nation to New York
forS15.80,"
American shippers will need
subsidies to -compete against
the lower costs of foreign ship
pers on the two new 'essential
trade routes" established from
the lakes to northern Europe
and the Caribbean.
The Midwest complains that
so long as Canada controls the
Welland Canal. Canadian goods
will get priority over American
shipments. There is talk of an
all - American canal cutting
across New York state from
Lake Erie to Lake Ontario.
Canada has already served
official notice that it probably
will build new locks on the St.
Lawrence opposite the American
ones at Massena, N. Y., enabling
ships to sail from the Atlantic
to Lake Erie on an all-Canadian
canal. Some think it would be
toll-free and "then the Ameri
cans would be in a fix."
The Seaway saga is just be
ginning. Tomorrow: What will lb
Seaway do for America?
T II J ,i iimMiiamw i iiihmm
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switch
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