SIT MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE
Sunday, July 7, 1957
Cousins, Conant Address Educators; See
Atomic Threat, Future Educational Needs
BT OLIVE STARCHER
Mail Tribune Staif Writer
Philadelphia. July 4 "Vio
lence and force are taken for
granted in this age the casual
approach to violence is a mark
of our time, a basic disorder" ac
cording to Norman Cousins, ed
itor of the Saturday Review and
a keader in this country in the
enevement to stop the testing of
eaclear bombs and weapons.
Se was final speaker in the
.Htcial convocation of National
JoYication association's centen
enl convention being held in
ailadelphia this week.
Several Oregoniais heard
Cousins and the two speakers
Who preceded him. Miss Maurine
Talker, former NEA president
arid director of the Division of
"Toucher Relations and Certifica
tion, Texas Education agency,
Austin, and Dr- James B. Conant,
former president of Harvard uni
versity and former ambassador
to West Germany. The three
, talked on different phases of
"Moving Freedom Forward,"
o the convention theme.
Group Discussions
More than a thousand teach
ers, educators and laymen from
all parts of the country, includ
ing several Oregonians. partici
pated in the group discussion
which followed.
Cousins further declared it is
imperative that the people of the
world learn to respect non-violence,
and said "We are calling
upon the world to settle its prob
lems without force, and we are
not trained for it and do not
respect it. Everyone says vio
lence in the age of nuclear weap
ons is unthinkable, but who is
doing the thinking?"
The speaker pointed out that
Americans enjoy violent games,
and get most excited at boxing
matches when some one is being
battered to the floor. Television,
radio and literature of recent
times are based too much on vi
olence, and glorify war, he
added. Even religion pays re
spect to the violent approach,
Cousins emphasized, saying "My
recollection of Sunday school is
that it was like going to a foot
ball game to root for our side.
We were taught about a violent
deity, an all-powerful deity but
one not powerful enough to bring
out the good in man. Thousands
of persons have been killed be
cause of the 'Prince of Peace'-"
Figures Giren
The speaker gave figures to
emphasize the vastness of the
damage which is possible from
the use of nuclear bombs, and
of the danger to this and suc
ceeding generations from release
of radioactive strontium into
" the air. He said, "Man is tamper
ing with the sacred being of
man," and added that since sci
entists agree that man's germ
plasm may be changed by radio
active Influences, it was unthink
able that the testing should con
tinue. He then said the news from
the disarmament meetings in
London "is good," adding, "The
American proposal at London
appears to be a reasonable one
and should serve as the immed
iate basis for putting an end to
the nightmare of H-bomb and A
bomb experimentation. We can
only pray that the proposal will
be quickly accepted by the So
viet Union . . . and we can pray
that the nations of the world will
proceed as swiftly as possible to
the main business of our age,
which is not solely the control of
nuclear weapons but the control
of war itself."
AEC Said Secretive
Cousinj spoke of the Atomic
Energy commission, saying "The
American people today are vir
tually excluded from the big de
cisions on atomic policy that af
fect their future. They have not
been given the information es
sential for making informed
judg-Tients- They have had to
rely on sources outside the AEC
for news of many aspects of the
atomic energy situation. On the
subject of nuclear testing, for
example, it was only when other
nations protested that we began
to hear about the contaminating
effects of radioactive fallout. No
statements were made directly
to the American public by the
AEC that detectable amounts of
radioactive strontium now exist
in every quart of the nation's
milk.
"The AEC has not reported to
the American people or the Con
gress about the fact that various
parts of the United States, be
cause of an unhappy confluence
of winds, have received hun
dreds of times the national fall
out average. The AEC was not
the first to report publicly on
the fact that various other radio
active elements, in addition to
radioactive strontium, are re
leased by nuclear explosions and
represent a potential health
hazard."
Facte Needed
He added that the role of the
laymen in moving freedom for
ward cannot be important if he
does not have pertinent facts,
and quoted Dr. Albert Schweit
zer as saying "In the act of
knowing there is strength. Only
the people can bring peace."
Cousins closed with the state
ment that "Peace is too import
ant to be left up to government,"
and that through the right kind
of education, "The next century
can be the century of the noble
man"
Dr. Conant, asked to speak
about the role of higher educa
tion in moving freedom forward,
said that education did not al
ways accomplish this purpose
and pointed to the universities of
Germany during the Nazi period,
and universities in the totalitar-
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Ian countries of the present day.
"I submit that it is worth re
membering that even an excel
lent type of higher education
does not necessarily advance the
cause of freedom; it may go
hand in hand with an indoctrin
ation that prevents, as far as
possible, even the growth of hu
man freedom. This is a bitter
fact which the grim history of
the last 25 years has taught us,"
he declared.
Unique Institution
However, Dr. Conant said he
believed universities in this
country had advanced the cause
of freedom but only because of
"That unique institution, the
American college, where the un
dergraduate influence is at
work" He pointed out that only
on the North American continent
has there been an evolution of
institutions carrying out "the
third function of the universities
of the Middle Ages the basic
education of those subsequently
to be trained in the learned pro
fessions." He said that the number of
youth in America "who are en
deavoring through formal educa
tion to widen their intellectual
and aesthetic horizons is still so
large as to constitute a modern
miracle." Dr. Conant spoke of
intellectual freedom saying "The
freedom conveyed by wide ac
quaintance with music, art, lit
erature, history, science and
philosophy is a freedom to pass
through doors whose keys are
academic skills and knowledge
I am sure that all of us here
today who have spent our lives
in school or college work agree
that this enlargement of an indi
vidual's horizon is one of the
two principal ways by which
education promotes freedom."
Responsibilities Merging
Dr. Conant reviewed briefly
the problem of educating all
those who wish to continue be
yond high school, said that
"there is a gradual merging of
school and college responsibil
ities," and that because many
are incapable of utilizing "long
years of academic retaining . . .
we would be well advised in
facing the pressing problems of
increased numbers to emphasize
the potentialities of the two-year
college as a local institution."
He said the development of
"two-year terminal" colleges on
a local level would move free
dom forward. He closed by say
ing that the important years are
those "after high school is over,"
and "To the degree that knowl
edge about the complexities of
Western political and economic
life acquired in college is ex
plained by reading and discus
sion, the lawyer, banker, scien
tist and doctor will be better
able to be a leader in his com
munity, as vell as his profesion."
HORNBROOK
Party Given For Mary Kurt
By MRS. H. H. CHAPMAN
Hornbrook Mrs. Mary Kurt,
a native of Siskiyou county,
celebrated her 76th birthday
July 2.
A party in her honor was giv
en that afternoon at the home of
Mrs. Harry Chapman, who was
assisted by Mrs. Kurts' daugh
ter, Mrs. W. A. Rutledge. There
were 24 guests present.
Mrs. Kurt was born July 2,
1881, (the day President Gar
field was assassinated) on Indian
creek near Ft. Jones, the daugh
ter of Mr. and Mrs. Elton Bailey,
who were among the first set
tlers in Scott valley.
Elton Bailey, a native of Vir
ginia, came across the plains
from Illinois in 1853, at the age
of 19, and his bride was a native
of Wales, and came around the
"horn" with her parents to Cali
fornia. Seven children were
born to them, o? whom six are
still living. Besides Mrs. Kurt,
they are the Misses Kate and
Maggie Bailey, of Ft. Jones,
Mrs. Bruce Goodman of Yuba
City, Lee, who still makes his
home on Indian creek, and
James, of Folsom, Calif.
Mrs. Kurt was educated In the
Ft. Jones school, and received
her teacher tr.iining from a spe
cial teacher there and began her
teaching career at an early age.
She later taught in the Horn
brook school, and retired about
ten years ago.
Mrs. Kurt was a "born teach
er" who loved every child in her
classes, and in return was be
loved by them. For many years,
she has operated a branch of the
Siskiyou county library in a
room adjoining the little neigh
borhood store she runs, and
where during school terms, the
high school youngsters wait for
the school bus. Her store is a
favorite gathering place for all
the young ones, and here, along
with her candy and ice cream,
she dispenses wisdom, under
standing, and kindness and
First National Bank
Deposits Decline
The Medford branch of the
First National Bank of Port
land, as well as other statewide
branches, reported a drop in de
posits and loans as compared
with last year in the quarterly
statement of condition issued
June 29.
Figures released by the Med
ford branch show that on June
29, 1957, deposits were $25,476,
608 and loans were $12,153,349,
according to C. E. Hedberg, vice
president and manager. On June
30, 1956, deposits were $29,242,
117 and loans totaled $12,975,
947. Bank officials pointed out that
historically, deposit totals are
at their low point each June,
but the present two per cent
statewide decline reflects a com
bination of heavy consumer buy
ing, the slowdown in Oregon's
forest products industries and
large corporate tax payments to
the government, the bank presi
dent said.
Peru is the oldest of South
American- nations.
Don't Say
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Say - - -
"FILTER-FLO"
comfort, too, for the "bumps
and bruises" of childhood. It
has been lovingly said of her
that she has helped "raise" most
of the kids in Hornbrook.
Mrs. Kurt's first husband was
Charles Johnson, a native of
Sweden, who came to Scott val
ley with a dredger outfit. He
was a deep-sea diver by profes
sion, and had traveled the world
over. Their daughter, Alice, now
Mrs. W. A. Rutledge, was born
at Hamburg, Calif., and later at
Ft. Jones a son, Carl, was born.
He lives with his mother and
assists her in the store. Johnson
died in San Francisco in 1919,
and his widow remarried sever
al years later.
William E. (Bill) Day, 76, died
June 24 in a rest home in Oak
land, Calif.
Day was born in Kansas, but
went to school and grew up in
Hornbrook, where his parents,
the late Mr. and Mrs. George
Day, were managers of the old
Miner's hotel. He was a retired
Southern Pacific conductor. Day
never married.
He is survived by three sis
ters, Mrs. Matie Kiernan and
Mrs. Alpha Dugan, of Oakland,
and Mrs. Maude Tovee of Chico,
Calif.
Funeral services were held in
Oakland, with burial on June
27, in the family plot in the
Henley-Hornbrook cemetery.
Khruschey May
Order Purge When
He Visits Prague
(Editor's Kin: United Press tuff
correspondent Russell Jones cover
ed the uprisings In Poland and
Hungary last year. He was the only
American reporter in Budapest at
the height of the revolt. He is cur
rently on assignment to Eastern Eur
ope. In the following dispatch from
Vienna, major Western listening
post to Iron Curtain happenings,
he reports the Soviet political up
heaval may he followed by the
ouster of Stalinists from Communist
Czechoslovakia.)
Br RUSSELL JONES
United Press Correspondent
Vienna Iff) Nikita S.
Khrushchev may order a major
purge of the Czechoslovak Com
munist Party and government
when the Soviet Communist par
ty boss visits Prague this week.
Observers here believe Khru
shchev,' fresh from hii victory
over "dogmatists" in the Krem
lin, will insist Czechoslovakia
follow suit in "cleaning house."
Czechoslovakia is one of the
last of the major satellite na
tions run by old-line Stalinists.
Its rulers have shown no signs
Of changing their ways since
the death of Josef Stalin and
the repudiation of the "cult of
the individual."
Same Crowd In Power
The only gesture made by the
Prague regime toward follow
ing the "Khrushchev line" was
to demote Alexei Cepicka from
the post of defense minister to
head the patent office and to
oust Ladislav Stoll as minister
of culture. But both men remain
as members of the party in good
standing.
From President Antonin Zap
otocky and Prime Minister Vil
em Siroky on down through the
ranks of both party and gov
ernment, however, the same old
crowd is still in power.
These are the men, who under
the late President Klement Gott
wald, overthrew the democrat
ic government of Eduard Benes
and in 1952 hanged Rudolf Slan-
sky and 10 other "nationalist
Communists.
Throughout their careers,
they have been unswerving fol
lowers of the tough line laid
down by Stalin.
Reshuffle Appears Difficult
However, observers said any
reshuffle of the Czech Commun
ist party would be difficult be
cause the elimination of Slansky
and his "independent" Commun
ist faction left the party with no
alternatives to the Stalinists.
The observers believe the
likely result of the Khrushchev
Bulganin visit will be a wave
of self-criticisms for "mistakes
of the past" and "failure to learn
the lessons of the Soviet 20th
Party congress" followed by
"voluntary resignations."
But, because there is so little
to choose between the present
Czech leaders, the observers are
unwilling to speculate on who
will fall and who will remain.
Orangeburg, S. C. (1ft
A Trailways bus swerved to
avoid hitting an oncoming car
and overturned near here Thurs
day, injuring 20 persons.
wr gainer ssrritfais
Point Up Heat Wave
Paris IW Weather officials,
pointing up the intensity of the
current heat wave, said Saturday
that the temperature in Paris
Friday afternoon was 96 degrees.
At the same time, they said, it
was only 82 degrees at Bangui,
on the Equator in French Equa
torial Africa.
TURTLE BUIT
Cedar Rapids, Iowa TO D. C.
and Marie Lackman are keeping
away from turtle ponds. The
Lackmans are being sued for
$17,500 because they allegedly
filled in a turtle pond and thus
caused their neighbors' base
ments to be flooded. The suit
charges the Lackmans "re-arranged
surface waters" and
caused the flooding.
Florence Movie Theater
Burned on Opening Day
Florence (IB Fire gutted
this city's only movie theater be
fore it opened Friday after a
blaze apparently started in the
projection room.
The fire was discovered about
2 p.m. by employes of Andre's
Appliance service, across the
street from the movie house, and
brought under control by firemen.
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