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Petunia is Popular Annual;
Many New Hybrids On Sale
Sunday, June 2, 19S7
By EDNA XING MAHDEVILLE
Petunias are on i t the most
popular flowers gron rorr.e
gardners tocav. Tn.s i.js hern
true for yf-ars ar.'f th-re .s no
sizn that their popularity it lr--ening.
In fact, re'ent Of lop
men's in the peur.:a family are
making them mr re poplar v-an
ever before
There a'e rrapy reason r.y
wigi. garderers grow petuniaa.
T?e are one of xt-r Tr."s" color
'b: cf a 1 anrt a. T.-y are t
ffeiler for Irs.! decorations as
we?l at for te garden. They
grrW in most arv s.:l and re
quire very S:-..e av -.in mice
ey are urdetway. Triry with
stand the effer's "I ti at and
drought much be.tcr than nvst
flowers.
Petun.as are a ia';vf f Sou'
America Pe'uma r-ytridd. th.e
flower that we. Know today, is
a crrposite of two flofrs that
grr-w wild in Argentina They are
petunia axillaris ar4 petunia vio
lacea. As fa a- i known petun
ia hybrida is the- result of nat
urae crosses and not through any
humSn efforts or plan.
About 75 years ago orv -gan
to develop new vane-tirs f
petunias. Much of it 0was done
in Germany. Later excellent pro
gress was made in California anrt
Japan.
One of the earliest advance
was made in California where
Theos4isia Shepherd developed
the f.vnous giants of Califoru;
petunias. These mommoth flow
ers with their colorful frinseS
and ruflcdpeta'.s are still one
of thrJ most popular petunias.
Perhaps the leading flower of
the giant fringed petunias is
Theodppia. nurrvd in honor of
the originator of the California
giants.
In answer to the demand for
a dwarfer, more compact strain,
came the nana eompacta type.
This group includes such well
known and popular varieties as
Rose of Heaven (or Celestial
Rose), English Violet an.t) fire
Chief, the first of the scarlet-red
petunias.
Dwarf Developed
The next step was to develop
large flowers on dwarf plants.
The leading mixture in this
group is Little Giants. The flow
ers are fringed and ruffled like
the Giants of California. Al
though they are not as large as
the California strain neverthe
less they really are Little giants.
The leading separate color of
the strain is Pink Frills, a soft
pink flower that literally covers
its mound-like plants.
While all of Hits splendid work
was being done on petunias in
California, an even more remark
able strain was produced in Ja
pan. I refer to fbe all-double-petuma.
The double petunias
that were oc-ing grown in Cal
i iforn;. had aoout 75 per cent
of tij'- flowers fully double. But
' t:.-e all-double stra.n is 100 per
cent double. The mo.-t satisfac
tory of th all-double is the Vic
torious mixture The flowers are
amt size, colorful, and fully
double.
for years no American grow
er could fathom the secret of the
all-double feature of the Japan
ese strains. It was finally discov
ered that the seeds were produ
ced by hybridizing known par
ents by hand to be sure of the
i offspring. A task that is not as
simple as it sounds. The result
j is a first cross hybrid which is
i now becoming known to flower
' gardners as an Fl Hybrid. The
j letter F comes from the Latin
derivative filial 'pertaining to
! son or daughter). The 1 indicates
the 1st generation.
This idea of controlled par
entage has ben carried to great
lengths by American flower
breeders. Fl varieties of petun
ias are becoming quite popular.
Two of the 1957 Ail-American
winners are Fl's. namely. Red
iSotin, the best of the red pctun
iies. and Glitters, a beautiful red
lind white flower. Other leading
1 petunias are Comanche, Bal-
lerina. and Fire Dance. In addi-
tion to truentss to type, which
is about 100 per cent with Fl
strains, they have added vigor,
which makes them sturdy plants
But breeders did not stop at
r 1 hybrids; they went on to F2'j.
.iicri are second generation hy
brid?. The ofspring of an F2 var
iety 'Jill not produce identical
flowers. There will be variations.
While that is objectionable if
one is growing one color of a
ioer. it is an asset if one is
aimine for the most complete
mixture jKissible. An F2 mixture
contains colors and color combi
nations that may never have
been seen before. It also has
plenty of hybrid vigor.
Pcrhap" the best known F2
hybrid petunia is called Carnival.
These giant flower? include blue,
white, crimson, rose, carmine,
scarlet, salmon pink, red and
lavender, to mention a few. In
addition there are bicolored
flowers combining white and
pink, white and blue, and white
and rose. A planting of Carnival
petunia is a sight to behold.
In closing let me comment
briefly on the culture of petun
ias. They are easy to grow if
the seeds are not sown too deep.
In fact, they should hardly be
covered at all. Sprinkle them on
top and firm the soil gently
with the palm of the hand. Push
down a bit but not too much.
Tlw n keep the ground moist un
til the seedlings appear. It is ai
simple as that and well worth
the effort.
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