World Trade, Foreign Aid Discussed
In This Week's Decisions Program
(Editor not: This U an
other in a tenet of article
furnished by the general ex
tension division, institute ef
International affairs. Oregon
state system of higher educa
tion, in connection with the
"Great Decisions ... 1957"
program. Today's article dis
cusses world trade and its re
lation to foreign aid.)
Future economic prosperity in
the United States may depend,
according to recent observations,
on recognition by the American
people that world trade policies
and foreign aid policies should
be treated as a single problem.
Debate in both government
and business circles has brought
forth an argument which runs
like this: First, continue U. S.
prosperity depends on a steady
expanson ofi U. S. economy
more industry, production and
sales for a population trowing
at a rate of 2.600,000 a year.
Next, as this industry ex
pands, it depends more and
more on imported raw materials,
especially from underdeveloped
countries which now supply, for
example, three-fourths of the
strategic materials the United
States is currently stockpiling.
Vital as Markets
These same underdeveloped
countries, the argument contin
ues, are vital as markets for ex
panding U. S. industry and sur
plus-producing U. S. agriculture.
However, these countries can
neither buy from nor sell to the
United States in satisfactory vol
ume because they lack the cash
and the technical facilities to
produce, or because in some
cases their products compete di
rectly with American products.
O These observers argue, there
fore, that only U. S. foreign aid
and liberal trade policies will
help these underdeveloped con
tries produce both the raw mate
rials and the new markets the
United States needs in order to
O expand its industry and main
tain economic prosperity at
Ibbme.
This grgiOnent his two serious
Implications: ong, that foreign
(ajd will 1 with us for some time
(arid may even, have to be
(sjepped vg in the immediate fu
ture: two, that U. S. trade and
tariff policie may have to be
liberalized in order to encourage
rather than discourage foreign
competition for segments of
&rrtgricn industry and agricul
ture. iSSjndard of Liting
ThiiO. and some believe most
(Wftrthng. implication is the sug
gtstion that the high standard of
living of the American working
f'gn can continue only if living
('anrirds are also raised else
where in the world.
& slightly different approach
to the same question is offered
by those who claim that U. S
(ild nd trade policies should ba
jarred to the challenge of the
Mst-west cold wr.
PSil G. Hoffman, American
irgjstrialist and U. S. delegate
to the UN, points to tne Mirsnau
plSri. which helped Eur8pe re
build its war-snatierea economy,
O ( iccessful example of U. S.
(economic policy.
"Mo important of 11," Hoff
Trfin rtk-rote in the New York
3mfj magazine Feb. 17, "the
!jjrshall plan helped to leap
rtgirly 300.000,000 Europeans en
lAg right de of the iron cur
ln." (a-gright Dangerous'
Jorrakt D. JMurden. another U.
. international economic affairs
expert, observed in the Foreign
El Sm Eeelecfed
Heai ef Ciffle Group
Ashland Ed Dunn was re
elected president of the Keene
Creek Cattle association at its
annual meeting in the Ashland
district office of the Rogue
River National forest last week.
Don Nichols will continue as
secretary.
The group voted to allow 12
months for all cattle to be vac
cinated or destroyed if they test
U for brucillosis. They agreed it
must be done before the cattle
are turned out on summer range.
All the Keene Creek associa
tion will be under the bureau of
land management now that lands
have been exchanged between
the forest service and the BLM,
officials reported.
Medford Man Sentenced
To Suspended Term
Jafus C. Stough. 23. of 1600
Ellendale drive, Medford. re
ceived a suspended three
month county jail sentence in
district court Thursday after
pleading guilty to a charge of
lewd cohabitation.
Stough was originally charged
with contributing to the delin
quency of a minor. The charge
was reduced before he ap
peared in court Thursday.
Recent discoveries indicate the
human blood is full of small clots
which normally are absorbed.
If they do not absorb, they may.
of course, cause a serious physi
cal ailment.
Policy asociation Headline Se
ries last October that to lose the
raw materials resources of the
underdeveloped world "would
be serious enough, to lose them
to the trade expansion program
of the USSR would be down
right dangerous for the West."
On the other side of the coin.
Congress is beiig besieged with
requests from the U. S. taxpayer
asking for cuts in the budget.
Foreign aid is a prime target.
New Hampshire's Republican
Senator Styles Bridges has pro
posed cutting the President's
$4,400,000,000 request more than
20 per cent; the National As
sociation of Manufacturers has
come out for a 50 per cent cut,
or 52,200,000,000 slash, while
the U. S. chamber of commerce
has asked a $1,500,000,000 re
duction. Unnecessary Drain
Total U. S. aid during 1956. in
cluding military aid amounted to
1 per cent of the value of all
U. S. production and services
(gross national product) that
year. Some students of the situ
ation believe this is an unneces
sary drain on the American tax
payer and may contribute to in
flation. A contrary view is taken in a
study by the National Planning
association, prepared for the
U. S. Senate and released Feb.
17. If the United States were
to double its' aid program by
1965, the report states, "there
would be little additional im
pact on the United States eccon-
omy.
An illustration of the conflicts
which come up between U.S. aid
and trade policies is offered by
recent trade negotiations be
tween the United States and
Japan.
In recent years Japanese cot
ton textile industry thus de
manded government restrictions
on future imports of low-priced
Japanese textiles. The Japanese
government thereupon volun
teered to restrict textile ship
ments to about 5 per cent of
U. S. production of the same
types of textiles.
Daager Signal
The danger, signal here, ac
cording to some of those who
favor more liberal trade pol
icies, is that these cotton tex
tiles imported by the U. S. from
Japan and manufactured from
American-grown cotton. Japan
is the largest foreign customer
of American cotton, buying 26
per cent of the U. S. annual
crop. Restrictions in Japanese
textile imports may protect U.S.
textile weavers at the expense
of injuring U. S. cotton growers.
The economic aid angle fig
ures in the same problem. The
United States provides Japan
with $25,000,000 in aid each
year to strengthen that country's
economy. However, deliberate
curtailment of U. S. imports of
Japanese goods may weaken
that same economy, possibly
even forcing Japan to trade with
Red China and the Communist
countries and curtail its pur
chases from the United States.
Uarestricted Imports
All parties agree, that unre
stricted imports can wreck or
damage segments of American
industry because, pricewise, U.S.
industry cannot always compete
with foreign industry. American
plant investments, distribution
costs, profits, wages and con
Court Records
Vl'N'IClPAL COt'RT
Clara Young Abee, improper park
ing, fine suspended.
Gregory Earl Milnes, violation of ba
sic rule. $10.
Myrna Lee Andrews, violation of
basic rule. $10.
Charles Brooks, failure to stop at
red lieht. $5
Ruth M. Zacher. failure to yield
right of wav. $10.
Frank Russell Walton, failure to
yield right of way, $10.
Harold Charles Jones, violation of
basic rule. $15.
Lloyd Orby Nikodym. violation of
basic rule. $15.
Doreen J. Glenn, failure to stop at
red light. $3
Mane Rittenhouse Ottosen. failure
to stop at red light, $5.
Joe Melvin Martin, reckless driving.
$25
Arthur Lawrence Bradshaw. failure
to stop at red light. $5.
David John Bergman, violation -of
basic rule, $10.
DISTRICT COIRT
Larry Joe Whipple, making right
hand turn from direct lane. S6.
Beulah I. Myrick. drunk on a pub
lic highway. $30.
George Lee Wier. failure to transfer
title. SS.
Dennis James Walker, passing with
insufficient clearance. $15.
Otto William DeJarnett. failure to
yield riant of way. $7.50.
Kenneth Harold Stoltz. passing with
insufficient clearance, $7.o0.
CIRCVIT COIRT
Evelyn Florence Waterfield vs.
Theodore Waterfield. divorce com
plaint. MARRIAGE LICENSE
APPLICATIONS
William Alexander Butler. Duns
muir. Calif., and Mary Evelyn Varga.
Weed. Calif.
William Clyde Tippin. 316 North
Central ave.. and (Catherine Mildred
Carter. 316 North Centra) ave
.Howard Lansing Kelley. Klamath
Falls, and Bonnie Jean Kelley. Klam
ath Falls
Ronald Charles Wooton. Buffalo.
NY. and Dorothy Lee Kent. Butte
Falls.
Albany Youth Dies of
Injuries in Accident
McMinnville (U.R! Jerry
D. Zink, 16-year-old Albany
youth, died in McMinnville Gen
eral hospital Saturday from in
juries suffered Friday in an auto
crash near Valley Junction.
Another Albany youth, 18-year-old
Robert E. Hickey. suf
fered critical injuries . when
Zink's car collided with a log
ging truck.
sequently prices are higher.
These factors leave the Amer
ican public with the following
dilemmas: Can the U.S. keep its
own economic health without
contributing to the economic
health of the rest of the world?
Can such contributions be made
through aid without too much
cost to the American taxpayer,
or through trade without caus
ing serious readjustments in do
mestic industry? Or finally, can
the U.S., in the face of growing
economic competition from Rus
sia, afford to adopt long-term
aid and more liberal trade pol
icies? A number of American com
mentators, sometimes for very
different reasons, have stated
they favor shifting a larger
share of U.S. foreign aid into
United National channels.
At present less than 25 per
cent of the U.S. economic aid
and technical assistance goes
through the UN.
Assembly Proposal
Now on the agenda of the UN
General Assembly is a proposal
to establish SUNFED (Special
UN Fund for Economic Develop
ment), a reservoir of $250,000,
000 created by contributions of
member counties to finance pro
jects like schools, roads, hos
pitals and residential housing,
not attractive to private capital
investments.
A substantial majority of the
UN membership is believed to
support this plan, but the United
States is on record as opposing
it until the armaments deadlock
is broken and defense spending
can be reduced.
In the face of the probability
that SUNFED will be established
anyway, U. S. policymakers may
have to decide what to do about
it. One school of thought in
America believes that the U. S.
is carrying too large a share
of the total foreign aid bill in
the world. These persons like
to . see the aid burden spread
to more shoulders,, through co
Oregon Groups Favor
Strong UN Reliance
Corvallis More than 300
"Great Decisions" discussion
groups throughout Oregon favor
Officer is Found
Innocent of Bribe
Portland '.UP.) A Portland
police officer accused by the La
Grande police chief of attempt
ing to bribe him to return confis
cated gambling equipment was
found innocent by a police dis
ciplinary board Friday.
Patrolman Clinton B. Parker
had staunchly denied that he
made any effort to retrieve the
confiscated materials in behalf of
five men arrested in La Grande
earlier.
One of the witnesses that ap
peared before the five-man po
lice disciplinary board was La
Grande Police Chief Oliver
Reeve.
At the close of the hearing the
following statement was issued
by Deputy Police Chief Dave
Johnson.
"The evidence and testimony
presented to this board has been
of such contradictory nature that
it has presented a grave ques
tion of doubt which .cannot be
reconciled and must therefore be
resolved in favor of Officer Par
ker." An unidentifed witness at the
hearing showed the board evi
dence that Parker had been in
Portland on Feb. 7 the day
Reeve alleged he visited him in
La Grande and offered $200 to
purchase- some 2,100 pairs of
dice.
Committee for Public
Power Meets in CJ
Cave Junction The citizens'
committee for public power met
Wednesday night at the Ed
Cooke home in Kerby to formu
late plans for the first petition
for a People's Utility district in
southern Oregon.
Territory for the petition was
mapped out, and the legal as
pects of the proposal were dis
cussed. Each committee member was
j asked to contact precinct and
subcommittee leaders, so a full
canvass of Josephine county and
surrounding areas can be made.
At least 5 per cent of the regis
tered voters must sign a peti
tion of this nature before it can
be submitted to the State hydro
electric commission.
Heading up the committee for
public power are E. V. Cooke,
Ralph Messenger, Frank Gib
bons, Don Adams, Hal Moore
and Ed Cooke.
ASHLAND OFFICE
Jerry V. Bianconi, recently
appointed county veterans serv
ice officer, has announced he
will be in Ashland each Wed
nesday between 10 a.m. and
noon at the Chamber of Com
merce building on the plaza.
l"se Mail Tribune Want Ada
The Low Cost Way To Sell
Item You No Lonx er Need,
operative UN programs like
SUNFED.
Still another group argues
that direct U. S. aid has not
always been successful; that
countries receiving it are some
times suspicious of U. S. motives,
just as many countries are sus
picious of Russian aid offers.
They expect that aid is really
a form of pressure to try to line
up military allies for the United
States.
This group affirms that aid
channeled through the UN, how
ever, is above such suspicion.
The other side of this argu
ment is that the United States
earns no credit or gratitude un
less foreign aid is given direct,
with a "made in USA" label.
With few exceptions, persons
on all sides of this dispute agree
that, dollar for dollar, UN air
and technical assistance pro
grams have been more efficient
than U. S. aid programs..
Higher Salaries
For one thing, U. S. aid ad
ministrators require higher sal
aries and living standards than
UN officials recruited from other
countries. And the UN has
proved itself to be a better
bargainer" in demanding match
ing funds from aid-receiving
countries; everyone expects the
United States to be generous,
but knows that the UN is operat
ing on a tight budget.
Official U. S. opposition to
SUNFED is based primarily on
the disarmament deadlock. The
U. S. delegation to the UN has
promised it would contribute to
SUNFED if and when there is
some progress in arms control
and some reduction in the de
fense budget.
On the unofficial level, anoth
er reason for opposition to SUN
FED has been voiced. That is
that its $250,000,000 capital fund
is so far short of the amount
needed that the agency can ac
complish little; at best would
be a "test case" or experiment,
or at worst would raise false
hopes and create disillusionment.
strong reliance on United Na
tions in protecting U.S. stakes
in the Middle East, rather than
risking a break with either our
Western Europe allies or Egypt
ana tne Arab states.
Discussion group ballots from
22 Oregon counties on the criti
cal issue of "What U.S. Stakes
in Middle East" were tabulated
last week by Oregon State col
lege extension service. Ballots
clipped from newspapers and
submitted by individuals also
were included in tabulations.
The extension service is spon
soring the eight-weeks' foreign
policy discussion series in co
operation with educational agen
cies and organizations.
U.S. Interests
Oregon balloting almost unani
mously favored looking out for
U.S. interests in the Middle East,
including our relations with the
Arab states and Egypt, but giv
ing European allies all the help
we can in the oil, shipping, and
dollar crises.
The advocated middle of the
road policy shied away from ac
tive support of either side in the
current crisis and favored Unit
ed Nations support and author
ity, especially the UN Emergen
cy Force, to guide policy and
protect various interests. A
strengthened UN, both political
ly and militarily, was also
favored as a block against fur
ther Russian moves in the Mid
dle East.
Favor Compromise
Oregon discussion groups' rec
ommendation to keep peace be
tween Israel and the Arab states
was for compromises on both
sides, working completely
through the,UN and to treat the
Arab-Israeli problem as part of
a total Middle East settlement.
Virtually no support was given
to the original UN plan of setting
up separte. Arab and Jewish
states that -would reduce Israeli
territory by one-third.
Voting on long-range goals
for the Middle East, Oregon
groups favored alternatives in
the following order: (1) Tackle
economic problems first push
for water development, agricul
tural improvements; step up
U.S. economic aid where it will
help; try to get guarantees for
Western Europe's oil; (2) Offer
to cooperate with Russia in eco
nomic development of the area
perhaps through the UN; and
(3) Tackle political problems
first Arab-Israeli settlement
and status of the Suez Canal.
CHARLES D.
HOLBROOK
TAX
SERVICE
Jackson Hotel Building
PHONE 2-5969
Evening! by Appointment
Phone 2-8840 Ev.
. S.
CANADA
AUSTRALIA-ARGENTINA
COMMUNIST BtOC (est.)
REST OF WORLD (est.)
Bat total work! trade sa wheat is only 58 of the 1955-56 harrest la
AH the 1955-5 hir.it thai couldn't be comumed al
home or Mild abroad became "surplus. The U. S.
added i.2 million tons to H surplus stockpiles m 1956.
Because of pone crops the previous ear. Canada
reduced its surplus stocks by 2.8 millions tons. Austra
lian surpluses remained steady and Argentina's wet
ucd up. But m net figures, the wheat surplus climbed
a 1956:
1955-56 WHEAT SURPLUS (in million tons)
U. S. STOCKPILE !
CANADA
AUSTRALIA
ARGENTINA
TOTAL SURPLUS:
Foreign Policy Association Incorporated,
WHEAT SURPLUS The above chart, fur
nished by the Foreign Policy association, Inc.,
in connection with the "Great Decisions . . .
1957" program, shows the wheat production
Fines for Speeding
Raised in Ashland
Ashland Fines for speeding
within the city limits of Ashland
were raised last week by Munic
ipal Judge Phil H. Stansbury.
Violators will now pay $1.50
per mile of speed in excess of the
speed limit. Former cost was $1
per mile.
Reason for the increase, Stans
bury said, is to slow traffic par
ticularly on the new northbound
couplet. Police Chief Herb Hays
said little, if any, acceleration is
necessary to trtvel within the
speed limit on the down grade of
the couplet.
Police pointed out heavier of
ficer patrol on the street is im
possible because of the number
of patrolmen now on the police
force. Speed limit in downtown
Ashland is 25 mph.
On New
LAUNDRY
LAUNDROMAT
End nuisance ef old
fashioned c e n t e r-post
agitator. Saves soap and
water. Completely auto
amtic. Now Only . . .
MATCHING DRYER
Direct airflow Blows
warm air directly on the
clothes. Thriftier. Quick
er! Now Only . . .
Mere s a pair or wasn-aay
i . . ,,
-AND MONEY) Buy separately or as a un.t-ar these Ntw wu MN 8( SUUE...IF
LOW PRICES! See them now at . . . "
TROWBRIDGE &
214 WEST MAIN
Sunday, March 10, 1957
WHEAT AND THE FARM SURPLUS
Four countries produce almost 25 of the wheat growa la the world:
1955-56 WHEAT PRODUCTION (in million tons)
3
24.9
13.4
10.1
TOTAL
1955-56 WHEAT I
U. S,
CANADA
AUSTRALIA-ARGENTINA
REST OF WORLD (estimated)
TOTAL WORLD EXPORTS:
27.7
13.1
5.8
46.6
CANADA. AUSTRALIA. ARGENTINA
1955-56 TOTAL
WHEAT SURPLUS
Astoria Woman Dies
Of Accident Injuries
Astoria UP.) Mrs. Estelle
Antonich, 55, of Astoria, died
here Friday of injuries she suf
fered in a two-car crash Wednes
day. Police said the victim was a
passenger in a car driven by her
husband when it collided with
one driven by Ronald Lee Good
man, 21, of Seaside. Goodman
was cited for failure to stop at a
stop sign at the time.
4-H Club News
BUSY BEES
Members of the Busy Bees
Sewing club at Gold Hill learn
ed how to outline faces of their
stuffed animals at last week's
club meeting. . They were also
given ideas by the leader on
what to put in their bean bags.
Next meeting will be March 15.
Peggy Dye,
Reporter
1957 WEST1NGHOUSE
WAS $219.95
B
WAS $169.95
I (0)95
a1 . LI
neipers inai saves you nmo erron
STREET
48.4
70
80
198.4
WORLD PRODUCTION:
lhe same four coamtrlec
FLOUR EXPORTS (in million torn)
9J
7.8
60
S-2
28.3
Total world wheal surplus al the end of 1956 was al
most as nsuch as the entire harsest in the four biggest
grower countries, the same countries thai do S2 of
the world's trade m wheat. And the 1956 surplus was
almost twice as much as total world trade in wheal I.
1956:
(in million tons)
::i5o WHEAT HARVEST. U. .
48.4
WHEAT EXPORTS
28.3
END OF 1956
46.6
and surplus during the 1955-56 year. Today's
Decisions discussion concerns world trade
and its relation to.U.S. foreign aid.
Sutherland Returns
From OSC Conference
Corvallis W. I. Sutherland,
Jackson county health depart
ment worker, completed a three
day school in control of disease
carrying insects last week at Ore
gon State college.
Special emphasis was given
this year to fly and mosquito
control.
The school is sponsored by the
state board of health, the col
lege, the U. S. public health
service and the U.S. department
of agriculture entomology re
search branch at Corvallis.
It is held each year at OSC to
keep public health and county
sanitation workers abreast of
latest control for insects that
are of importance to human
health and comfort.
Use Mail Tribune Want Ads
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h v I I
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MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE FIVE
Medford Furniture
Stock Purchased
By Dempster Firm
Stock of the Medford Furni
ture store, formerly one of
southern Oregon's largest furni
ture stores, has been purchased
by the Dempster Furniture com
pany. Russell DeForest, trustee
in bankruptcy,, ha announced.
The new company will oper
ate at the Medford Furniture
store site.
The Medford Furniture store
went into bankruptcy last No
vember, according to DeForest.
The new company is headed by
Richard Dempster, of North
Platte, Nebr., and two local
furniture businessmen. Jack
Raapke and Lawrence McEach
ron, owners of the Bush Home
Furnishings company, Medford.
Dempster announced the com
pany will hold a close out sale
on the present furniture stock
next week. The furniture store
will be restocked with a new
line of furniture after the sale,
he said.
Operated Store Chain
Before coming to Medford
Dempster operated a chain of '
six furniture stores in Nebraska
and Wyoming. McEachron was
manager of Dempster's stores be
fore becoming co-owner of Bush
Home Furnishings company.
Raapke has previously been
an interior decorator with the
Boutell Furniture company in
Minneapolis and the Davidson
Furniture company in' Kansas
City and Omaha. Raapke and
McEachron have operated the
Bush Home Furnishings store
for the past year.
Robert Rector, who operated
the Medford Furniture company
about five years, is now a sales
man with the Bigelow rug com
pany in Los Angeles.
Savings Deposited
b' March 11th
will earn dividends fret
March 1st
at
Jackson Go. Federal
Savings & Loan Assn.
Where Your Savings Earn Mora
126 East Main
,
ITS VYeSlinPnOUSe
O
PHONE 2-5211