(
TWO MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE
Friday. Auguii 17. 1536
fflSTAR GAZERO
4-12 22 47
51-62-7)
tautus
. APR 21
I MAY 21
- -24-26-37-33
77.78-81-8
GEMINI
wc'JlUNt22
WA31-3? 34-55
58-66-83-8
CANCEI
JLNS 23
W 1. 5-14-16J
153-61 72
uo
c JuiTJ'
X-. AUG 23
Cf 7- 8-20-25
50-59-79 53
VIRGO
AUG 2'
SEPT 22
23-2729.52
' 54.73-7
-Br CLAY R POLLAN-
JK, Your Doily Activity Guide M
According to the Stars.
To develop messoge for Saturday,
reod words corresponding to numbers
of your Zodioc birth sign
bO-33-OJ5S
170-75-84-90
1 Vole 31 Let t' You
2 FiW 32 fc-ers 62 Events
3 You 33 Moderoit 63 A
4 tacitcment j4 f-o"ow 64 Perioral
5 Son 35 Today 65 Hoppy
6 Some 36 For 66 Court
7 Be 37 Moluno 67 Your
8 Cfl-jev 33 Day 69 Hspei
9 Money 3 Rsonee 69 Some
10 Miy 40 And 70 Tempered
11 41 F?'a 71 L-keiy
12 A-d 42 To 72 Co
13 A j 43 MoVe 73 Horn
T4 New 44 AM 74 Some
15 Tale 45 Everv 75 Under
16 Fnends 46 Tote 76 Affo.m
17 Well 47 Pevo1s 77 Good
13 Good 43 To 78 Judgment
19 Dot 49 Fulfill 79 ronev
20 In 50 And FO lite
21 Definite 51 F ea'-cnt 81 l
22 Goodwill 52 Tool 82 Surpm-
23 Demonttr0te53 If 83 Be
24 F.ne 54 Your 84 All
25 Pomonoe 55 The.. 85 Deolingt
26 Money 56 Meet 86 Today
27 Your 5' w.rh 87 Necessary
28 Action 58 Norutd 3 Easy
29 Talents 59 In 89 Calm
30 ee 60 And 90 Condition!
()Gocd () Advene )Neutal
scoswo
OCT
-CM 22 Vn,
18-19-36-39,
K0-6-76
Ltr
:ept 2J H
SAGITTARIUS
11.13-17-41 if
44 4680-88
CAPRICORN
0EC 23
JAN 20
l5-21-28-48j(jr
U9 67-6B
AQUARIUS
iim oi jrs
FEa i.
3-10-56-574
63-65-82-86VSj
nscH
FEB 20?V
M. 21
i- 6- 9-3501
U2-43-69 jf
RADIO PROGRAMS-FRIDAY
Programs list ad blow arc rccaived from tho radio stations and tht Mail
Tribuno assumes no responsibility except to make such changes as are supplied
KTJC 123 ke KMED 144t lie KWIN 1400 kc
4:00 Club 1230 Fred Waring Sonjtfest" Salute to Safety
4:15 Music &. Spt Caravan Fred Waring bong lest" Hem inn-way isewn"
4:30 Club 1230 Cafe Lounge" Here s the Answer
4 45 Frank Goss" Cale Lounge' Sam Haves'
3 00 Edward P.Morgan Music With Sam Convention"
5:15 Tom Harmon"" Music With Sam Convention
8:30 Demo Convention" Regional Roundup Convention
3:43 Demo Convention Man On The Go Convention'
B OO Demo Convention Cavalcade of SporUr Fulton Lewis Jr.
8:15 Demo Convention' Cavalcade of SporU Local News
11:30 Demo Convention Sports Daily Convention'
6:45 DeinoConvention'" Music in March Time Convention
7:t)a Demo Convention " Morgan Beatty Convention"
7:15 Demo Convention" One Man s Family Convention"
7:30 Music Hoom Nat'I Radio Fan Club Convention"
7:45 Music Room Nat'I Radio Fan Club Convention
8:00 Portiand-San Francisco Nat'I Radio Fan Club" Convention
8:15 Portland-San Francisco Nat'I Radio Fan Club Convention' t
8:30 Portland-San Francisco Nat'I Radio Fan Club Convention
8:45 Portland-San Francisco Nat'I Radio Fan Club" Convention
9:00 Portland-San Francisco Heartbeat Theatre News"
:15 Portland-San Francisco Heartbeat Theatre Meet Shakespeare
:30 Portland-San Francisco Proudly We Hail Jack's Private Line
fl:45 Portland-San Francisco Proudly We Hail Jack a Private Line
10:00 World News Beat Richtield ReDorter KWIN Karavan
10:13 Off The Record Nightwatchman KWIN Karavan
10:30 Off The Record Night-watchman KWIN Karavan
10:45 Off the Record A News Nightwatchman & NewsKWIN Karavan
It JO Sign Off Sign Off Kim's Serenade
RADIO PROGRAMS-SATURDAY
8:00 News Bob Robert's Corral WakenrD Ranch
8:15 World News Roundup Bob Robert's Corral Wakeup Ranch
6:30 Frank Goss"" Bob Robert's Corral Wakeup Ranch
6:45 Yawn Patrol First News Wakeup Ranch
7:00 Coffee Concert Country Music Network News
7:15 Martin Agronsky- Rogue Valley Beeper Breakfast Gang
7:30 Robert Q. Lewis" News Commentary Breakfast Gang
7:45 Robert Q. Lewis Weather & 7:50 News Network News'
8:00 News' Koffee Klatch " World News Roundup
8:19 Visit With Bing Oregon Game Comm. Local News b Sports
8:30 Gunsmoke" Norm's Choice Music Haven ot Rest
8:45 Gunsmoke Norm's Choice Music Haven of Rest
9 00 -Newscast" Friendship Circle Coffee Date
915 Music Box Friendship Circle Coffee Date
V-30 No School Todav Here's To Vets Voice of Deliverance
9:43 No School Today Sat. News Desk Voice of Deliverance
fO 00 East Side Opening '. MONITOR Game of The Day"
1015 East Side Opening MONITOR Game of The Day
10-30 East Side Ooening MONITOR Game of The Day
10 45 East Side Opening MONITOR Game of The Day
H oo Trading Post MONITOR Came of the Day
11:15 Music Room MONITOR Game of the Day
11:30 Garden Gate Nat l Farm. Home Hr. Game of the Day
11:45 Guest Star Nat'I Farm. Home Hr. Game of the Day
1 2 00 News MONITOR Game of the Day'
12:15 Treasury Show MONITOR' Game of the Day
12-30 Club 1230 WX. Monitor Western Roundup Time
12:45 Weather & Music MONITOR Western Roundup Time
" 1 AO CUibT230 MONITOR Western Roundup Time
1 13 Club 1230 MONITOR Western Roundup Time
1:30 Club 1230 MONITOR Western Roundup Time
1 43 Club 1230 MONITOR Western Roundup Time
2:00 News MONITOR Western Roundup Time
2:15 Club 1230 MONITOR Western Roundup Time
2:30 Club 1230 MONITOR Western Roundup Time
2 43 Club 1230 MONITOR Western Roundup Time
300 News" MONITOR Meet Shakespeare
3:15 Club 1230 MONITOR Music'
3 30 Club 1230 MONITOR Report From Washlngto
3 45 Club 1230 MONITOR Social Security
4 00 News MONITOR Recorded Music
4 15 Club 1230 MONITOR News
4 30 Vets Administration MONITOR Music
4 43 Frank Goss' " MONITOR Music
3.00 News" MONITOR S'our Storv Hour
5:15 Tom Harmon MONITOR Your Story Hour
3:30 Indictment Grand Olc Opry Local News
3:43 Indictment" Grand Ole Oprv Musical Moments
6 00 Fort Laramie"
6:15 Fort Laramie"
:30 Unit 99"
6:43 Unit 93"
MONITOR"
MONITOR
MONITOR
MONITOR
Hawaii Calls
Hawaii Calls'
Guy Lombardo
Guy Lombardo
7:00 News' MONITOR'
7:15 Lawrence Welk MONTTOR
7:30 Music MONITOR
7:45 Coconut Grove Orch. MONITOR'
Pop Time
Pop Time
Public Librarv
Social Security
8 00 Music Room
8:13 Shrine All Star Game
8 30 Shrine AM Star Game
8.43 Shrine AH Star Game
Hardtop Races
Hardtop Races
Hardtop Races
Hardtop Races
Dixieland Expres
Dixieland Express
American Travel Guide"
Across The Blue Pacific
9:00 Shrine All Star Game
9:15 Shrine All Star Game
9:30 Shrine All Star Game
9 45 Shrine All Star Game
10:00 World News Beat
10:15 Off the Record
10:30 Off the Record
10:45 Off the Record. News
Hardtop Races
Hardtop Races
Hardtop Races
Hardtop Races
KMED News Report
Nightwatchman
Nightwatchman
Night Watch & News
News'
Coming Events
Jack's Private Lme
.lack's Private Line
Sat. Night Dance Parade
Sat NiRht Dance Parade
Sat Nicht Dance Parade
Sat. Nicht Dance Parade
11:00 Sign Off
Sign Off
Kim's Serenade
ABC
CBS
NBC
MBS
KBOY 730 KC
(All programs at same time dally oniess otherwise Indicated)
A M- 5:45 Sign on. Music throughout dav except for following programs:
10-10:13 KBOY Bargains; 11-1! (Sunday onlv. First Baptist service
P.M. 12-12:13 KBOY ranch. 12:15-1230 (Sunday only) KBOY ranch:
6:30 Sign off.
TV PROGRAMS -KBES (Channel 5)
FRIDAY
t
4 00 Treasure Travels
5 on Wild Bill HickocK
5 30 Convention
5:45 News
5:35 Weather
6:00 Cavalcade of Sports
7 30 Heath s
7:43 Hollvwood Album
8:00 Man Called X
8-30 Highway Patrol
9 :00 Undercurrent
WALT'S TV & RADIO SERVICE
Oldest Shop u So. Oregon
40 C Main Phone- 2.2269
Day and Night Service, t CA
(Medford and Vicinity) yJ.JU
Night Calls and Sundays
So calls Frl Eve or all day Sal
9 30 Mayor of the Town
10 00 Premier Theatre
1130 News & Sign Off
SATURDAY
9:45 Baseball Preview
9:53 Detroit at Chicago
1 00 On The Trail
20 Treasure Travels
30 Saturday Sports Parade
3:30 Mr. Wizard
4:00 Faith For Todav
4:30 Saturday Showtime
6:13 Easy Valley Golf Clinic
6:30 On the Trail
7. -00 The Honeymooners
7:30 Stage Show
8:00 Crunch & Del
8:30 Russ Morgan Show
9:00 Encore Theater
!):30 People Are FunnV
1P.00 Chicago Wrestling
11:00 News & Sign Off.
?
SUN DAT
12:00 Frontiers of Faith
1 2 30 American Forum
Why Suffer Longer?
When Others Fail
COME TO US ACT NOW!
Our Njruro'i HERB remedies will help you tt re
fljin your good health. Our remedies hjve been
successful in aiding the sick all over the state tor
ever 18 years.
1 B. fONG ,
Herb Specialist
Remedies tor disorders, sinuses, heart, liver, sremsch. gas and ulcers,
constipation, piles, asthma, female complaints, kidney, bladder, blood,
rheumatism, back and headaches, for Male, female and Children.
BRANCH
OFFICES:
Albany
Salem
Eugene
North Bend
rflOrt
CHARLIE CHAN
OFflCE OPEN SUNDAYS ONLY
12 NOON TO 4 P.M.
CHINESE MEDICINE & HERB CO.
624 S. Riverside Medtotd
On The Side
By E. V. 0URUNO
(Distributed by King Features
Syndicate. Inc.)
Have you a daughter, wife,
siiter-in-law, cousin, aunt or ac
quaintance who is a private sec
retary? How is she doing? Does
she know the average salary of
a private secretary in the United
States is $74 a week? Has she
any idea where the country's
highest salaried girl Fridays are
found? The answer is in Hous
ton, Tex., with Beaumont, Tex.,
not far behind. In Houston the
average wage for private secre
taries is $91 a week. In Beau
mont, it is $89 a week. Besides
an office queen in those two
lively Texas municipalities has
an excellent chance of marrying
an oil millionaire. In New York
City the average for an accom
plished amanuensis is $85 a
week. That is also the average
for Detroit and San -Francisco.
In Tulsa, Okla., it is $83 and in
Milwaukee, Wis., $82. In Dallas,
Tex., it is $76. In Fort Worth,
Tex., it is $62. Why Dallas and
Fort Worth are so far below
Houston and Beaumont in the
matter of generous emolument
for secretaries I cannot say at
this time. However, our horses
and wemen department is check
ing. Pleas Not
With race tracks whimpering
about and ruling against the
possibility of paying out so
called "minus pools," turf fans
might be justified in protesting
about that thing called "break
age." That is the method by
which the track, under certain
circumstances, keeps the cus
tomer's change on winning
wagers. This is to save the track
the trouble of making change
in pennies or nickels. The money
so deducted can add up to a
handsome total during the course
of a season.
Among in Married
If a husband snores it reveals
he loves his wife. Such is the
claim of one man of science. I
view this claim with consider
able skepticism. However, it
would seem to me if a husband
snores habijually and his wife
keeps on living with him it in
dicates she is madly in love with
him. Incidentally, in some coun
tries habitual snoring is grounds
for divorce.
Remarkable Record
The Andrea Doria-Stockholm
disaster broke a remarkable
safety record held by Transat
1 a n 1 1 c passenger steamships.
From 1919 to 1956. during the
peacetime years, Transatlantic
liners had carried over 27 mil
lion passengers without a mis
hap -to a passenger because of
a collision or some other form
of sea accident!
Asking
Qiinripa from clients. O. How
fast was "Casey" Jones driving
the Cannonball Express at tne
time of that historic wreck? A.
nn miles an hour. O. Was Lowell
Thomas, the news commentator
lecturer, born in 1892? Is Jack
son his middle name? A. Mr.
Thnmas was born in Woodine-
ton, O., on April 6, 1892. He has
a son named Lowell JacKson
Thomas. Q. How much does the
Irish Hospital Sweepstakes con
tribute to the hospitals of ire-
land? A. During the 26 years oi
its existence, the organization
von refer to has contributed
over 100 million dollars to Irish
hospitals and the Red Cross.
Aged Players
Sportscribe's comment Indi
cates he thinks it is wonderful
that Sal Maglie is still pitching
Major League ball at 39. There
have been a number of Major
League pitchers active at 40 and
over. A pitcher's professional
life is usually longer. He doesn't
work every day. When an out
fielder is still playing at 40, that
is something. As for example,
Ty Cobb, who at 41. played 134
games with the Philadelphia
Athletics and hit at 357!
1 AO Treasure Travels
130 Republican Prc-Convention
2:00 Afternoon Theater
3:00 Afternoon Theater
4:00 College Hour
4:30 Telephone Time with
John Nesbitt
3 00 This la The Life
3-30 Jackson County Publie Health
:00 Private Secretary
6:30 Waterfront
7:00 Ed Sullivan
8 :00 GE Theater
30 My Hero
9:00 Man Against Crime
P:3n Weeklv News in Review
9:45 Bill Perl Presents
10:00 I've Got a Secret
10.-30 New it Sign Oft
ISM CHOICE!
for TY,
Radio, and
Auto Radio Service
Ski
Phone 3-2939
229 E. 8th
The Medical Roundup
Emeritus Consultant In Medicine,
Mayo Clinic
Emeritus Professor of Medicine.
Mayo Foundation
e'ffl"BWB
kealfia i I
IS THERE A WAY OF .
AVOIDING COLDS
Many people tell me they are
desperate because they have four
or five bad colds a year, and no
V "1 physician and
no amount of
m e d i c a t ion
seems to help
in developing
r e s i s tance to
colds. These
persons ask
what they can
do to help
Winer Alvarez memseives. Ail
I can say is that, when I was
a young man at college, active in
athletics, and keeping always in
condition, I had at least four ter
rible colds a year. I used to take
a cold shower each morning, and
I did everything that I could
learn of that might toughen my
constitution, but nothing worked:
Now that I am older, I get per
haps one mild cold a year. Ap
parently through the years I
have developed an immunity. In
terestingly, my father who was
not at all athletic and was a
rather frail-looking man hardly
ever had a cold. He apparently
was born with a high degree of
immunity.
In the great laboratory for re
search on colds, in Salisbury,
England, they have been work
ing on this subject for years. At
last they have isolated the virus
of colds, and have started work
on a vaccine: and so. one of these
days, we may have a medicine
that, when injected in Novem
ber, will protect us through the
winter and until the end of blus
tery spring.
Th Chronic Running Ear
Often, on the street and in
stores I see persons with cotton
in one ear which means the pres
ence of a "running ear." Per
haps it is a relic of some old in
fection that began with a cold or
a sore ear. In some cases there is
Soldier Squares Self For Unjust Penalty
Niagara Falls. N.Y. (U.PJ
Chief Warrant Officer George
H. Ruggles has squared himself
with local authorities even
though it appears he was unjust
ly accused.
Ruggles, stationed with the
U. S. 4th Infantry Division in
Germany, was named in an al
leged parking violation here
Nov. 5. 1954. Recently, approxi-
some chronic smouldering infec
tion in some of the cells in the
mastoid part of the bone just
back of the ear. Usually, it is
unwise to neglect a running ear.
The person ought to go to a good
ear specialist to see if the condi
tion can be cleared up.
Dr. Alvarez hopes his readers
will understand that it would be
impossible for him to answer re
quests for information or to at
tempt to diagnose by mail.
(Released by The Register
and Tribune Syndicate, 1956)
mately one and a half years
later, local police received from
him 150 lire, 25 piastres, 200
francs and 10,000 drachma to
pay any fines involved.
The warrant officer apolo
gized for the foreign currency
but said regulations presented
his sending U.S. money.
"I have one complaint, how
ever," he added. "It's highly im
probable that I committed the
offense alleged. I was in the
European theater of operations
at the time stated."
Strange As It Seems
by Elsi
Hix
r t av
CODY
Won Hi Ntrm
fcyfcrtoDTiNS we.
4,000 AW8R1CRN Bl6tH
IN l&MOMTr&.WHENHe -Wft6
6MF1.0YEP To
fVRrJKSU NWfiT fOZ
UNION TOCTFIC RtMKOftP
ONE DM
6 K1M.W
f CftZ WITH A
1Mb Trtfc RUNNIN&ScMtD"
1b FftCIUTPffe tMTrW
PAID tWT--Abeprrs
Co., ,
-flit ORI&IN C
17, &!K1HroNES
i-7 FnnwnPrTioU
0FTH I,
HoUY"cnV.-&1rlt
irj.lKipr;i ur
rVJ
DOW TV SERVICE
Expert Service
All Makes
PHONE 2-7994
Day 01 Nit
COMMIE CHIPMUNKS
Port Huron, Mich. U.F9
Police have solved the theft of
small American flags from
graves in Lakeside cemetery.
The thieves were chipmunks. A
watch was set up after several
flags vanished and police
watched in amazement as the
small animals carted off more
flags, apparently to use in nest
building.
HYPNOTISM
Has been successfully used In
muscular rhtumatism, consHpa
tien, menstrual disrurbancn,
migraine haadicht, insomnia,
stuttering, etc For information
regarding Hypnotism see
W. L. WHELDEN
336 S. Riverside. Med ford. Ore.
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Answer to Y aster-day's Puzzle
ACROSS
1 Flying; nrmmaJ
Proverbs
S Barracuda,
12 Anslo-SeVxosi
money of
account
i Prepara for
print
14 Bacterlolo
giat'a wlrs
15 One around
track
1 Load
17 Pac
18 Quaver
20 Mitlcates
32 Hindu woman's
a-arment
.Small tFlaiid
24 Collection of
facts
27 After-dinner
candy
J J Lanzuasra of
ancient
Carthage
tl Causa to
remember
14 X. T. Tanksea"
outfielder
15 Join
Sfr Spheroid
27 Number
JS American
ostrich
40 Peruvian Indian
44 Chemical
compound
41? Look fixedly
4; Reveal
43 Lament
61 Sailor coUoq.)
Win k like
f x Sicilian volcano
Si Southern
blackbird
Ut Competent
S6 Dapreaaion
P.R.Oft?. S TpjR Q S E
A.&MtI fUNjE'plli )
P;E lL)e ;6 A T IE- A PE P
f 1 ' NtA'Ll
AjgjsgE m!t:ai UEiD
ApsjAlSjPjSB'vWR
Pll ILIB ''IjlcjOIi
r:gp:WiEiL eIUi idIe'p
SElg EikTE lgjEpc!5lE
nn 1- 15 I 1- 1 if 1? i j !
i? 7;
1 IT"
I A
I Si in 7lH
r w
J 5q-St
mT"ST "55 90 ?i
si si 5
11
i B T
W. WW IMn l,llwl. W
ST Confederate
general
DOWN
I Springs
abruptly
I Slaeaw
S South American
mammal
4 Trada for
money
5 Girl's name
6 Broadeat
7 Pilfer
Painful
9 Rustic
10 Superlative
ending
II Golf mound
19 Boundary
21 Part or floirer
23 A state tabor.)
25 Nothing
26 High car
2S Slothful
30 Not Illuminated
31 Wheel track
32 Compaaa point
33 Metal
34 Cry of goat
Sfi Chaatiaa
s Cnt
41 Pertaining t
birth
4J Long-legge
bird
43 Kagla'a neat
45 Withered ,
46 Narrow, flat
hoard
47 cry of aheep
48 Priest'a
vestment
SO Hostelry
Just about the safest
thing around is the newly
invented non-inflammable
match.
This is real good for in
flammable people who
want to quit smoking.
fat
Z I ry sJP I'M A SAAN.WITH A J I I'M RICH ANDOLD.7-SO,SHl$ I'M FROM THE fc N
SO -THAT'S MUSTACHE -SO J . 1 GOT TO BE VOCfslG AND POOR- NORTH. SME'U. HOVE 1
THEVICE-PRESIDErJTEASV.I'y WE MUST PICK A " J I VJAS BORN IN A MANSION fV TO BE FROM THE jS
W VOL) PICK SHOULD hn WOMAN, WITHOUT J SHE SHOULD BE BORN IN J f SOOTH.?--'
BE EVERVTHING f- J A MUSTACHE. JM A LOG CABIN ff ...
jiVlViii? 'sJtoemSif WHAT'S THAT I VIA CHRISTY SAWYER. MV HUSBAMD AMD I I IT. ..AND WHAT'S MORE, I THINK THEY MAY BE THE ONfcs'-u
fTaU 1 1 h Ll&Jr S ' ttSiWH0sRE?l I ARE IN A TERRIBLE dAArt. SOME STRANGERS IwHO ROBBED THE BANK AT JACKRABBlT, NEVADA. 1 1
$DMj'&rZs . 'T Lf VS . aeeaeS I WE'RE WITH HAVE BROKEN INTO THE RANCH 1 II I Nil JIJIJ BANK 1
vrZSSF' w . sheriff T -thrtJi I i HOUSE OF REX PARE,THE AOVTE- f - - f Jsr- 'tfW ROBBERS'
BEVERLSJV RADIO 'W
I SeiceaH?tt50 SSifl.! iffl tfl l-X G - ' " - -!
Open Sunday Through Friday Uajl t y U 1 j S,a fHj - .jy fX7 l 4 V7 f jf f Z)
My own shop 8 years near Port- tMps t "lj" -f ) " ""'jPjfj- g
MR. LARRY L I I'ffPHW L'lfA t " M K A WM
Now at 1 X , , . , , r
Craterian Beauty Salon H t OH, JEST A WHAR VE SEEM V N0WHAR SPeOAL- THANKV PER 1
Appointments After 5 P.M. S VP ( SOOAaE CALL, KEEPIN' V0RESBjJ-!s t BEEN STICKIN' TH' BOOAOOUSf-"
i I
I " lr"
1 iiiummBL II InvI in I 1 1,! I ill
l ? m&J,', I P 2 &ZJ-1 (LWUANSv ! UOLOIy (pcWTNEED l''lJ 1 , ( WHAT WOULD G&L i!
, jjfr-vf-r I ' V vSI2S4 LvJ '
Gretel sCI sj mutt Ysmh ouiet think 1 ( yep nope.' ) rV m'love. while you were W go find out for S
! BRIDAL PAIR 2 , don't l :t30T 'A BOB! ft X I LOST IT '-'t down THERE DID you OURSELf.VbOWORM.'
Set with 10 Diamond. SEE ANV f f 'Sr NOTICE IP THAT FISH ry 7
j H-K.ratGJ Mountin, SHi , .
J22 Eas, Mains,. Ph. 3-5348 --SggE- T - SS PS
OPEN WED. TIL 9:00 P.M. ' "rJJ ' ' " " ' ' Mcl1 '