Friday, July 6. 19S8
MEDFOHD fOREQOK) MAIL TRIBUNB FIYH
Today and Tomorrow
By Walter Lippmann
EAGERBEAVERISM
For some lime past before the
President went to the hospital
there was talk in Washington of
a rivalry ire-
tween the State
Depart ment
and some mem-
fa e r s of the
White House
staff who deal
with foreign
affairs. The
Preii dent, it
was said, was
Walter Lippmann not liste ning
exclusively to Mr. Dulles, and
this was why there was occaison-
ally, as for example in regard
to the neutrals, such a big differ
ence between the President and
the Secretary of State. Some ob
servers even went so far as to
say that there had begun to
exist as in Wilson's day with
Col. House and Roosevelt with
Harry Hopkins a second For
eign Office in the White House
itself.
Things have never gone near
ly so far as that. For one thing,
the President has too deeply in
grained a respect for official
channels and regular procedure
for another, what happened un
der Wilson and Roosevelt is pos
sible when the President seems
to be his own Foreign Minister.
But it was true in what might
be called the higher strategy of
the cold war President Eisen
hower has asserted his indepen
dent authority and has deviated
from the State Department of
ficial line.
Since the President's illness.
there have of course been no
more of these deviations. But
what is more, Mr. Dulles has
enlarged his own personal oper
ations .to take in propaganda
and psychological warfare. Since
the publication of the Khruschev
speech, the Secretary of State
has made himself the chief prop
agandist, and has with .the fan
fare of big publicity used the
Department of States as an en
gine of psychological warfare.
Hitherto, the psychological
warriors, like the cloak and dag
ger men of the Intelligence Ser
vice, have been kept separate
Irom the foreign service, whose
business .t is to conduct the
acknowledged foreign relations
of the United States. Even
though the administrative con
trol of the propaganda has been
in the Department of State, it
has been assumed that the Sec
retary of State was not himself
an active propagandist.
rpo BE that is a new role and it
is, I believe, bad for our di
plomacy and for our propaganda
as well. President Eisenhower
was following a sound rule, at
tested by experience at home
and abroad, when in the person
of Mr. C. D. Jackson and then
of Mr. Nelson Rockefeller, he
placed the Chief of Propaganda
in the White House, away from
1 the State Department, and under
his own personal supervision.
This separation preserves the
desirable distinction between
foreign policy and propaganda.
For the Secretary of State can-
nof afford to be regarded as a
propagandist. To be an effective
Secretary of State he must have
the confidence of the Foreign
Ministers and the Prime Minis
ters with whom he negotiates
He must be known as a man of
his word, as one who uses words
precisely which mean genuinely
what they say. Now, there is no
u$ pretending that this is the
moral standard in pyschological
warfare. Words are used by the
propagandist not to convey the
whole truth as he knows it but
to work an effect on other men's
minds to sell them a notion
and to "engineer their consent.'
A Secretary of State who him
self assumes the role of Chief
Propagandist can succeed only
in undermining his own credit
as a diplomat. Like a doctor who
sells patent medicine, he sacri
fices his professional standing.
TT MAY be asked what differ-
A ence does it make who does
the propaganda? If a govern
ment resorts to propaganda, how
can a Secretary of State, since
he is a leading member of the
government, escape the respon
sibility and consequences? The
answer is that a way has been
worked out in practice which is
generally accepted by all gov
ernments. Every government
does propoganda, and every gov
ernment knows that every other
government does propaganda. If
all the propaganda were to be
treated as genuine foreign pol
icy, international business would
be a total muddle.
Tacitly and by common con
sent, the governments have
adopted a kind of agreement
that they will not take at face
value the propaganda of the pro
fessional propagandists, that
they will not treat it as the
serious intention and policy of
the government. They will re
gard Philip Sober as the genu
ine Philip, not Philip Drunk
with his propaganda.
This salutary discounting of
propaganda is possible as long
as there are open through the
foreign Offices genuine chan
nels of communication. That is
why propaganda should be con
ducted through separate
agencies, and why the Secretary
of State and the foreign service
should remain aloof and uncon-
taminated by propaganda.
rPHE case for separation is
-" equally strong when you
think of the effectiveness of the
propaganda. As a result of the
campaign launched by Khrush
chev against Stalin, the inter
national Communist movement
and the whole Communist orbit
are passing through an agoniz
ing reappraisal which may well
FRESH FAWN Newest member of the National Music
Camp's musical menagerie at Interlochen, Mich., is this
day-old fawn shown being nudged to his feet by his
mother while papa deer looks on. The fawn was born
within earshot of orchestra rehearsals at the famed
music camp.
k Jenkins
In The Day's News By Fran!
If you are interested in tim-J northeast of Vancouver (Wash-
ber resources as almost every
body in Northern California,
Oregon and Washington is
here is an interesting little story:
Washington's Governor Lang
lie dedicated the Larch Moun
tain reforestation camp in the
Yacolt burn of Clark county
have epochal significance. What
should be the American stand
in the face of these develop
ments? Should we as eager beav
ers call attention to ourselves,
making ourselves out either
prime movers in the upheaval,
and letting no day pass without
saying or doing something that
is meant to be an American in
tervention? Shall we be like
Chanticleer, the rooster, who
came to believe that the sun
rose because he crowed at dawn?
Or shall we avoid giving the
impression that we are somehow
engineering the upheaval, that
what is going on is not so much
an upheaval from within the
Communist world as it is a dis
turbance due to our interven
tion? By taking the center of the
stage and putting this govern
ment in the spotlight, Mr. Dulles
has provided the most obvious
pretext for the repression of the
upheaval that is the work of
an anti-Communist underground
backed by the United States gov
ernment. This is the time when a
shrewd American psychological
warrior would be making him
self invisible. And a wise Secre
tary of State would be holding
himself aloof, not meddling with
events which he cannot control
and direct.
(Copyright, 1956,
New York Herald Tribune, Inc.)
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ington) the other day
In his dedication address he
said that when the 110,000 acres
of the project are back in pro
duction income then will total
$3,500,000 A YEAR.
He added that the cost of the
project will be $3,000,000 over a
20-year period.
IVSSP h X
THAT is to say:
If Governor Langlie's fig
ures are accurate, it will take
less than one year after the pro
ject comes back into full pro
duction to pay the entire cost of
restoration.
After that, these 110,000 acres
will produce an annual timber
crop (according to Governor
Langlie's figures) worth a little
better than $30 an acre.
T ET'S see.
As I recall the statistics
back in the days before pouring
on the fertilizer revolutionized
agriculture, average production
of wheat over the United States
as a whole was about 15 bushels
per acre.
That was in the days when we
were cutting down the forests to
make agricultural land. In those
days, a dollar a bushel was re
garded as a fabulous price for
wheat. In other words, even at
a price that then was regarded
as very profitable, average wheat
land in our country was produc
ing about half what Governor
Langlie says these reforested
acres in Washington will be pro
ducing when they come into full
production of timber.
If Mr. Langlie's estimate of the
productive capacity of these re
forested lands is borne out, the
net return from these reforested
acres will be about DOUBLE the
former return from wheat land.
rpHIS calculation is very IFFY
-- indeed, but at least it serves
to call attention to the fact that
TIMBER IS A CROP. The idea
that timber is a crop is a fairly
recent one. In the old days,
timber was something to be cut
down and sawed into boards.
When the trees were all cut,
the sawmills moved out.
The lumber industry was then
a temporary affair. "Cut out and
move on" was its motto. When
the trees were all cut and the
time came to move on, the towns
that had been built around the
sawmills became more or less
ghost towns.
That was the era of boom and
bust in the lumber industry.
THOSE days are past. Timber
is now regarded definitely as
a crop. It isn't, of course, a crop
that can be harvested annually.
Trees don't grow that fast. Tim
ber must be divided up into plots
and the plots must be harvested
in rotation, with a sufficient
growing interval in between
harvests.
But the system works and
if Governor Langlie isn't too op
timistic in his prediction it can
be made to work out quite profitably.
AND-
Something new has been
added.
Trees are no longer the mere
raw material for boards. Trees
are composed of FIBER (held to
gether by a binder material.)
Fiber is the raw material of the
swiftly expanding pulp and
paper industry. And fiber trees
can be harvested at much shorter
intervals than lumber trees.
The old days of cut out, and
move on are drawing to a close.
From here on out, with intelli
gent management, timber will be
a permanent resourc. e
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