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NATIONAL EDITORIAL
jASOCfTLN
Flight o' Time f
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10. 20. SO and
40 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO,
June 28, 194S
(It was Friday)
Mr. and Mrs. Harold Hulse of
Medford buy Valentine's cafe o.i
South Riverside Ave. from H. E.
Bush and A. K. Morse.
From Arthur Perry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: Medical
science has evolved a pill that
contains more nutriment than a
fried chicken. It's still more fun
to grab a leg and gnaw same.
20 YEARS AGO
June 28, 1938
(It was Sunday)
Most elaborate water carnival
ever held in Ashland planned
for July 4 celebration.
E. H. Hedrick, superintendent
of Medford schools, speaks be
fore National Council of Educa
tion in 74th annual convention
of the National Education asso
ciation at Portland.'
30 YEARS AGO
June 28, 1328
. (It was Monday)
Grass fire covers six acres on
Siskiyou heights south of Keen
way Dr. yesterday morning.
From the Local and Personal
column: F. C. Cole of Seattle and
C. F. Newson of San Francisco,
division commercial superinten
dent and Pacific Coast commer
cial manager respectively of the
Western Union Telegraph com
pany, will arrive in Medford to
night to spend four or five days
here in looking after the installa
tion of the automatic, high speed
telegraph apparatus which will
be Installed in the lobby ot the
Western Union company branch
office for a demonstration on
July 1, 2, and 3.
40 YEARS AGO
June 28. 1918
(It was Wednesday)
Warden stops fencing of
Rogue River mouth by fishermen
with Rill nets.
Parent's education bureau of
Southern Oregon opens offices
with large number of mothers in
attendance.
What's the Answer?
Can You Get 4 of the 7?
Copr. 1955. Editorial Research
Report
1. The longest mainline rail
road tunnel is the Arlberg in
Austria, the Moffat in Colorado,
or the Simplon from Italy to
Switzerland?
2. Pernicious anemia, peptic
ulcer.- and cancer of the stom
ach may or may not be influ
enced by heredity?
3. Newly independent Moroc
co. Tunisia, and the udan are
or aren't members of the Inter
national Labor Organization?
4. The biggest state, next to
Texas, is Arizona, California.
Colorado. Montana, Nevada, or
New Mexico?
5. Spangler Arlington Brough
was the real name of Bing Cros-
bv. Edward G. Robinson, Hum
phrey Bogart, Robert Taylor, or
Dannv Kaye?
6. About (a) 40, (b) 50, (c) 65
or (d) 85 per cent of the people
of the British colony of Singa
pore are Chinese?
7. Americans spent more or
less than a billion dollars on
forpien travel last year?
The Answers: 1. Simplon. (12V4
miles). 2. Mar be important fac
tor, according io studies at Unl-
Tersitv of Iowa college of medi
cine. 3. Admitted to ILO June 12.
4. California. 5. Robert Taylor.
E. 83 per cent Chinese. 7. More
nMPUBLISHIRS
S'A'sSOCIATION
(31.6 billion).
MAIL TRIBUNE
Another $64,000 Question
Those who think changing from one party to arw
other in mid-stream a capital offense, and Senator
Wayne Morse should therefore, be shot at sunrise, are
advised to read "A Letter from Washington" in "The
New Yorker" of June 23d, by Richard Rovere. -
Rovere, who is a well known and gifted news com
mentator and a strong supporter of President Eisen
hower, devotes this week's space as the New Yorker's
regular Washington correspondent almost entirely to
comments on a book by Robert J. Donovan soon to be
published, giving the inside and heretofore confiden
tial story of the Eisenhower cabinet meetings to date.
.
D 0 VERE reveals that not only have the cabinet
meetings been far from harmonious at times, but
during his first two years as President, "Ike" became
so exasperated, frustrated and discouraged particu
larly with the ultra-conservative wing of his party,
that he seriously considered, quote :
. . . "leaving the RepubUn party and starting a party of
his own, as Theodore Roosev. U did. He was. dissuaded by
the very recollection of Roosevelt's unhappy experience.
But he continued to ask whether, after all, the present Re
publican party was represented, by men of sufficient vis
ion and understanding of what was required to lead the
country through the perils of the mid-20th century."
"IIE CAN THINK of no better description of Wayne
" Morse's line of thought preceding his departure
from the Republican party than the above, the only
material difference being that he considered and
became an "Independent" and then a Democrat, in
stead of considering the establishment of a Third Par
ty and eventually abandoning the idea.
In other words, the squads of GOP sharp-shooters
now being formed to perforate the head and two-term
record of Oregon's senior senator, for daring to leave
the Republican party during his second term, because
he questioned its. capacity to successfully meet the im
pending crisis in domestic and world affairs, better
keep a watchful eye on their aim. If they don't watch
out, they may be hitting the record' of their revered
leader, and casting stones of disapproval on the pur
ity of HIS motives and the extent of HIS devotion to
the Grand Old Party.
That would, brethren
horrible to contemplate, particularly in the midst of
an "Hove Ike" coat-tail campaign! -
OUT THERE CAN be no doubt of the truth of this
declaration. Not only is Rovere strongly pro-Ike
and highly regarded, but
book, "Eisenhower, the Inside btory is the star cor
respondent of the 100 Republican newspaper, the
New York Herald-Tribune and the latter is syndi
cating the offering as a news feature throughout the
country.
Not only is this admission made as tar as Mr. Eis
enhower's judgment of his party's calibre in 1953 is
concerned, but it is shown that' the President favored
more drastic tax cuts for lower bracket incomes be
fore the Democrats made it part of their program and
that, quote;
"This presidential heresy had to be exorcised by the sec
retary of the Treasury Humphrey, who when the Democrats
got around to advocating the plan' called it 'silly' and a
'quickie gimmick'."
Imarine that! The most influential and highly re
spected member of the Eisenhower cabinet, accusing
his "great leader" of having advocated "siny;- propos
als and "quickie gimmicks" in the all-important realm
to Sec'y. Humphrey particularly of national fi
nance. ' . '
o
THER cabinet clashes
State Dulles questioned
of the "security boards" while Vice President Nixon
wanted more security boards and a larger crop of se
curity risks while he is shown as in almost continu
ous dispute with Postmaster General Summerfield,
who wanted to raise postal rates and put his depart
ment on a "sound business basis."
Although proud of the Big Business record of the
GOP, VP Nixon became less and less in favor of in
creased postal rates as the presidential election year
came nearer, and finally was heard to express a judg
ment almost as heretical as the President's, when he
declared: ,
"There are some things more important than a
sound business basis and one of them is political sup
port of the kind that might be lost through an increase
in 'mailing costs'." " -
' Needless to say, PM Summerfield lost, and. VP
Nixon won ! ,
ITIS ALSO recorded in this book that one cabinet
member asked if Senator "Bricker, author of the
controversial Bricker amendment, could not be liqui
dated by an atomic bomb. This was a joke, but putting
it in public print probably will bring no loud guffaws
from the senior senator from Ohio !
OF COURSE these extracts are not .typical of the
book as a whole but as correspondent Rovere
concludes "it is a unique piece of work in that it is a
campaign document that provides as much ammuni
tion for one side as the other." '
D OVERE is frankly puzzled by this, as is the writer,
particularly coming out at this time, when the
leaders of both parties are not disposed to pass out
any ammunition to their opponents that can possibly
be avoided.
As this is the first time in history that minutes of
cabinet meetings have been taken, and more impor
tant the first time they have been made public, such
revelations a few weeks before the presidential cam
Daiem will be in full swing, could have been avoided,
and undoubtedly would have been if any member of
the cabinet or the President himself had raised the
slightest objection.
Why none of them did, is, at the moment the
$64,000 question. R.W.R. . -
Thursday, June 28, 1956
and sistern, be- something
Donovan, the author of the
are recorded. Secretary of
the competence of many
Third Force1 Role Eyed
Commonwealth by Anthony Eden
By CHARLES M. McCANN
United Press Correspondent
Prime Minister Anthony Eden
has set out to make the' British
Commonwealth of Nations a
"third force"
in world af
fairs. First, Eden
hopes that the
can
bring the
United States
and Soviet
Russia closer
Charles McCmnn together.
Second, he wants to unify and
strengthen the Commonwealth
to meet economic competition
Matter of Fact y joSePh auoP
CLOVER FOR THE KREMLIN
Washington The more you
study the Middle Eastern crisis,
the more you suspect that the
essential pre
liminary of the
Soviet intru
sion in the
Middle East
was the fa
mous summit
meeting at
Geneva, with
all its adman's
hopes and
glories.
.uusDii jvjtup Tenta t i v e
discussions of the crucial Soviet
Egyptian arms deal had of course
been opened in the month or two
before the Summit. Yet before
boldly probing for the very vi
tals of the Western Alliance, the
Soviet leaders must at least have
wished to know how the West
would react. They got the an
swer at the summit.
The President of the United
States and the Prime Ministers
of Great Britain and France
went to Geneva with the singu
lar purpose of proving that the
great powers of the West were
passionately,- unshakeably dedi
cated to peace at any price.
There was no better way to en
courage the Soviets to take any
cold war risk they chose.
.
TN ADDITION, it is now known
that President Eisenhower ac
tually mentioned the Soviet
offer to sell arms to Egypt to
Bulganin and Khrushchev. Ac
cording to authentic report, the
President was airily told that
this was "just an ordinary com
mercial transaction." Apparent
ly this piece of arrant nonsense
was not treated with the con
tempt and indignation it deserv
ed. So the Soviet leaders left
Geneva with complete assurance
that they could safely stick a
shiv right into the most vulner
able point of the Western Alli
ance. Even then, energetic action
might well have prevented the
worst from happening. Egypt's
President Gamal Abdel Nasser
had asked for a small quantity
of American arms long before he
began his talks with the Soviets.
His sole concern was then to get
some arms any arms at all
to satisfy the army on which his
power depended. All competent
observers in Cairo agree that
Nasser did not forsee the vol
ume results that the Soviet arms
Weal would produce.
QN THIS point, the American
" government had received a
long series of frantic warnings
from' our ambassador to Cairo,
Henry A. Byroade (who is now,
apparently, to be made a scape
goat). These warnings were ig
nored. The American arms were
withheld. The Soviet-Egyptian
arms deal went through.
;Thus Nasser emerged as the
predominate figure in a greatly
strengthened Arab nationalist
movement, made independent of
the West by Soviet support. Thus
the Soviets took the first long
step towards capturing Arab Na
tionalism, and using this nation
alist movement as the instru
ment to strike at the vital Middle
Eastern oil sources of the West
ern Alliance.
The American reaction to
these tremendous developments
was uncertain to say the least.
After the faU of Glubb Pasha in
Jordan, however, the British
reaction was violent. The Brit
ish cabinet decided that Britain
would use troops in the Middle
East, if this were needed to save
the oil that is Britain's life
blood. '
VyiSELY or unwisely, they
proved their resolution by
ordering the fight for Cyprus.
- Such was the situation when
Bulganin and Khrushchev went
to London. It can now be reveal
ed that British Prime Minister
Sir Anthony Eden and Foreign
.Minister Selwyn Lloyd used the
strongest tone possible in their
discussion of the Middle Eastern
problem. They flatly accused
the Soviets of an intentional at
tack on an area of vital British
interest. They warned they
would fight to avoid losing the
oil.
Khrushchev and Bulganin
only replied by hinting that they
might agree to limitation of arms
shipments to the Middle East if
I the British would abandon the
Km
with the United States as well
as Russia.
Eden is outlining his plan at
the conference of Common
wealth prime ministers now
meeting in London.
The plan is based on his firm
belief that a new era has opened
in world relations.
H-Bomb's Influence
He believes that the H-bomb
has almost ruled out the threat
of a third world war because its
dreadful destructive power
would offer nothing but ruin
to victor as well as vanquished.
Eden believes that the end of
Stalinism in Russia really has
brought a historic change in the
policies of that country.
Baghdad pact which they
know was impossible.
- . . ..
THE upshot was deadlock. In
Cairo and Damascus, the So
viet Ambassadors subsequently
told the utterly false story that
the main theme of Khrushchev
and Bulganin in London was the
Soviet bloc's determination to
give solid support to the Arabs
against the Israelis. This was
hardly less than an incitement
to Arab-Israeli war. If the Krem-
lim chooses to take that risk,
such a war will be a clear gain
for the Soviets if the Israelis are
defeated, for that will amount
to 4he defeat of the West. And
it will also be a clear gain if the
Arabs are defeated, for then the
Arab nationalist-regimes will al
most surely be supplanted in the
end by Arab Communist regimes.
All the same, in his recent
visit to Cairo, the new Soviet
Foreign Minister,. Shepilov, did
not take the final step to bring
on an Arab-Israeli war. He did
not take the Arab position on
Israel's proper frontiers. Shepi
lov's caution suggests that Brit
ish firmness, despite its some
what desperate tone, has made
the Soviets at least think twice
about the risks in the Middle
East.
And this in turn suggests that
a firm, clear and united Anglo
American policy, if it can ever
be worked out, may yet save the
day in this critical area.
(C) 1956, New York
Herald Tribune, Inc.
In The Day's
Foreign affairs again:
Iceland's conservative : Inde
pendence party, which wants to
keep American troops on the
strategic island's NATO bases,
LOST GROUND in the recent
parliamentary election.
A preliminary count indicat
ed that the alliance of Progres
sives and Social - Democrats,
sponsors of the drive to OUST
U. S. forces from the Iceland
bases, came within a hair of win
ning a clear .'majority of the
seats. -
Another straw in the wind:
For the first time in the Ice
landic : parliament's, thousand
year history, more than 90 per
cent of the qualified -voters cast
ballots. - That indicates . strong
popular interest in the issue.
THAT is to say: ,
The Icelanders want to get
rid of us.
LET'S be logical.
If Icelandic troops were
parading our streets, WE'D
WANT TO GET RID OF THEM.
In time of peace,-NO PEOPLE
wants foreign troops on its soil.
The presence of foreign troops
in ANY country leads inevitably
to the thought among the natives
that they're there for no good
purpose.
If we're to be logical, we must
remember the long centuries of
history when foreign troops on
native soil almost certainly
meant EVENTUAL CONQUEST
AND LOSS OF LIBERTY. Amer
ica is practically the first nation
of world power size that doesn't
want conquered territory.
When we consider the long
and bitter experience of the past,
we can hardly blame the people
of other countries for suspecting
that when we keep troops on
their soil EVEN WE have in
mind the thought of ultimate
conquest.
1I7HAT shaU we do about it?
' ' I don't know. I'm no mili
tary strategist. But it is rather
obvious that the communists are
sure that in our foreign military
bases they have a good propa
ganda weapon. They are using
it for all it is worth. And, in
Congressional
Quiz
(Copyrifht, 1958
Congressional Quarterly)
Q How many signatories of
the North Atlahtic Treaty be
sides the U.S. can you name?
(There are 14 others.)
A Belgium, Canada, Den
mark, France,, Iceland, Italy.
Luxiobo urg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, United
Kingdom, Greece, Turkey and
West Germany. The first 11,
along with the U.S., were orig
inal signers! the last three ac
ceded later.
for
Because of that change, he be
lieves that the new world era is
one in which economic compe
tition will supplant the competi
tion in armaments that has pre
occupied the great powers since
the end of World War II.
Eden also believes that the
Commonwealth must safeguard
itself against American economic
penetration as well as Russian
penetration.
Aid. Trade Included
The American penetration, as
he sees It, is facing the Com
monwealth not only because of
direct trade rivalry but because
of the United States foreign aid
program.
In keeping with his views,
Eden already has decided not
only to increase British trade
with Russia materially but to
cut down and revise Britain's
defease program radically.
The British Commonwealth,
as a unit, is potentially the great
est force in the world in an era
of what is called co-existence.
It is loosely knit. Its larger
members are independent. India
and Pakistan, for example, are
now republics.' There are Can
ada and the other dominions,
and there are countless protect
orates and crown colonies in
every continent and every ocean.
Vastness of Commonwealth
The Commonwealth totals
647,000,000 people and 12,992,-
102 square miles of territory.
The United States has a popu
lation of 170,000,000 and an
area of 3,628,130 square miles.
Russia's population is about 200,-
000,000, its area 8,600,000 square
miles
Eden's conception of the new
world situation is bound to bring
some disagreements in policy
with the United States. In Wash
ington, there is great suspicion
of the Moscow new look. British-
American disagreement on de
fense is shown in Congress,
where the Senate has approved
a $960,000,000 rise in Air Force
appropriations even though the
administration opposes it.
But Eden seems to be com
pletely convinced that his own
course is right.
As part of his course, it is re
ported in London that he will
outline to his fellow Common
wealth prime ministers a plan
to try to arrange for a new "sum
mit" conference with Russia
early next year.
News By Frank
Jenkins
every country where we have
bases, they are having a lot of
luck in -turning the people
against us.
TN THE' senate following the
vote in Iceland Democratic
Sen. Henry Jackson of Washing
ton made this statement:
"The truth is that our over
seas bases are becoming less and
less reliable to support our air
atomic power . . . From Iceland
to Okinawa, our key strategic
bases are under political attack."
He added:
"If our overseas bases are lost,
we will need more long-range
bombers capable of operating
FROM THIS COUNTRY."
TT IS seldom enough that I find
myself in agreement with Sen.
Henry Jackson, but in this case
it looks like he is talking sense.
Communications
Letters to the Editor must bear
the name and address of the writer
although under certain circum
stances the use of a pen name or
initial for publication is permis
sible. The Mail Tribune reserves
the right to edit all letters with an
eye to clarification and condensa
tion. Letters submitted for publica
tion must not exceed 400 words.
Vanport Death Loss
To the Editor: In your June
20, 1956 issue, you said that not
too many more than a dozen
were killed in the Vanport flood.
That is not true for I was there
on May 31, 1948, and more peo
ple than I can count were killed
. . . I wish you would tell who
ever gave you this information
that they "would tell and print
the truth for if you don't they
can get in a lot of trouble . . ..
Clifford Hirsch
505 North Riverside ave.
Medford, Ore.
Editor's note: The editorial
reference, relying only on the
memory of the writer, was ". . .
the dike at Vanport gave way
and a dozen or more people lost
their lives, and it was miraculous
that the loss was not more."
After the above letter was re
ceived, the Slate Civil Defense
Agency was queried, and re
plied: "There were 14 known
drownings and one other death
attributable to drowning or in
jury at the time." It. was not un
til two months after the disaster
that the death count was final
because of high water and stack-ed-up
debris at the site in the
interval. That the death toll was
not higher was attributed by au
thorities to the fact that it -was
Memorial day and many resi
dents of the housing projects had
left their homes for the holiday.
Estimates of the loss made dur
ing the confusion of the flood
ranged upwards into . the hun
dreds, but were later shown to
be wrong.
Today and
By Walter
THE PERSONAL EQUATION
Three official visitors have
come to Washington since the
President was taken to the hospi
tal from Ger
many Dr. Ade
nauer, from
France M. Pi
n e a u, and
from Canada
Mr. Pearson.
All came hop
ing to find
common
ground where,
Walter Uppmann With the Unit
ed States leading, the Western
allies could unite.
Now that , the visitors have
come and gone, it is only too evi
dent that there was no serious
effort to find a 'common ground
and to negotiate a common
policy.
That was the kind of thing
that the President, had he not
been ill, might well have at
tempted. Mr. Dulles did not at
tempt it. He underwrote Dr.
Adenauer without qualification
or reservation, an act which
ruled out the chance to negotiate
with M. Pineau, as well as much
hope of a successful outcome of
the labors of Mr. Pearson and
the other two "Wise Men" of
NATO.
rpHE net result of this month's
diplomatic coming and going
has been to put on public dis
play the disunity of the Western
Alliance on the crucial question
of how to deal with the Soviet
Union about Germany.
There has been put on public
display the unwUlingness of Mr.
Dulles, when he is on -his . own
without President Eisenhower's
guidance, to meet the responsi
bility of the leader of a great
coalition which is to look for
the common ground on which
the coalition can stand together.
. For NATO the question of
how the two Germanies are to
be reunited can well be make-or-
break. Instead of looking for the
ground on which France, Ger
many, Britain and the United
States can work together on the
German question, Mr. Dulles let
Dr. Adenauer commit him to
terms which are so extreme that
they foreclose serious negotia
tion. "
LiJvujst certainly this is a
piece of bad judgment which
we shall come to regret and
shall have to try to repair. The
Adenauer terms are not only
certain to be rejected by the So
viet Union; they will not com
mand the support of the other
allies, or, for very Ion, of the
West Germans themseUcS.
How could they? Under these
terms none of the allies would
be permitted to come to agree
ment with the Soviet Union un
til Moscow has surrendered on
the German question until
Moscow has abandoned East
Germany and has agreed to a
United Germany rearmed with
in the NATO military alliance.
On such a line as this Mr. Dulles
has a poor chance of holding to
gether, much less of re-inspiring
and re-invigorating, the Western
Alliance.
It will be impossible to com
mit the Alliance to the view that
the paramount interest of the
Western world is to reunify Ger
many on the terms laid down
by Dr. Adenauer. It would prob
ably be impossible to do this if
Dr. Adenauer had the over
whelming and ardent support of
his own people. But in fact he
can no longer count on an ef
fective support in West Ger
many. "Instead of being able to
rely on a sound parliamentary
majority," wrote the correspond
ent of the "Times (London)
shortly after Dr. Adenauer re
turned from Washington, "he is
now faced with widespread dis
satisfaction in his own party
and a united opposition."
IS IT necessary, and is it wise,
w mav ask. for thm TTnitH
States Government to be more
L-..i?.Tni
r
Tomorrow
Lippmann
inflexible and more extreme
than are the Germans them
selves? Dr. Adenauer has done
a great work.' But he is a very
old man, and those who succeed
him will not, we may be sure,
be bound, by his views. Why
should we, at this late date, let
ourselves be bound by them? Is
it good leadership to subject
the Atlantic allies to the strain
of a deep disagreement over a
policy which none of them really
believes in? t
There is supposed to be at is
sue a deep disagreement as to
whether in post-Stalin Russia
there is a decisive change or a
mere shift of tactics, propa
ganda, and public relations.' i
have heard this question discus
sed by a considerable number of
men here and abroad who are
as qualified as any one is to
form an opinion. (They do not
includue the naive who are of
two sorts first, those who
would like to think that the
changes, which are undeniably
taking place, are making the So
viet Union into a liberal democ
racy; and second, those who
think that the SovietVsystem is
immutable, that it must stand
or faU but that it cannot change
from within.) .
These naive apart, more and
more I have come to think that
the real differences in judgment
about how to deal with post
Stalinist Russia do not arise
from - objective evidence. Men
appraise the same evidence dif
ferently, and they do this, I be
lieve, because they have differ
ing temperaments and because,
subjectively, they have a differ
ent approach to human experi-
THIS difference is exemplified
strikingly by the President
and Mr. Dulles. Both men would
take an oath, that they are in
full agreement. Yet there is no
denying that the whole world
is so conscious of a contrast be
tween them that they are credit
ed with having opposing poli
cies. Why is this? Is it not be
cause while they - may think
they thmk alike, they do not
feel alike, and' that the people
can feel the difference?
Do they not at bottom feel
differently about' the wickedness
of their adversaries Eisenhow
er being ever hopeful that he
can draw them into the fold,
Dulles being unwilling to shake
the hand of the unrighteous until
they have recanted publicly and
have confessed their sins? i
These differences in evalua
tion of other men become tanta
mount to differences in policy.
In the Eisenhower feeling about
other men, there is always a
willingness to explore, to nego
tiate, and to take risk, often
to over-simplify, but always hop
ing that out of good there will
come more good.
TUT to Dulles, the distinction
- between friend and foe, be
tween the righteous and the
wicked, is sharp and is hard,
and the policies that arise from
this feeling tend to be inflexible
about and insensitive to the
varieties of other men's feelings.
No judgement of what is go
ing on in the Soviet Union can
be guaranteed and conclusive.
We can judge only tentatively,
trying as best we can to discount
our hopes and our fears. For
such is the scale and the tempo
of these events that while we
are judging the changes they are
already changing.
Every practical judgment of
how to deal with these changes
is at bottom, when we have
weighed all the evidence avail
able, an act of faith.
Copyright 1856,
New York Herald Tribune, Inc.
NUDISTS BANNED
. Berlin ttJ.PJ East German
Communists Wednesday banned
nudist societies "to protect the
working class from disturbance
during vacations." A-
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