FOURTEEN MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE
Sunday. June 17. I95S
Fay Van Schoiack Explains
Reasons for Four Seasons
By FAY VAN SCHOIACK
"Do you suppose summer will
ever get here?" people have
a.iked as they shivered in re
cent cool temperatures. The re
ply is an emphatic "Yes." Sum
mer will arrive officially on
June 21, at 2:24 a.m. (PST).
The weather? Well, of course.
that is another matter. Any re
semblance to summer days, past
or present, may be entirely acci
dental. We all know that the
official arrival of summer and
1he coming of warm sunshiny
days may not exactly coincide.
What is the cause of our sea
sons? How can the astronomers
tell the exact moment that a
season will officially begin? The
earth s yearly journey around
the sun together with the tilt
or slant of the earth's axis re
sults in seasons for the inhabit
ants of the temperature zones.
Picturing Planet
, Let us picture our planet as
a huge ball pierced through the
center by a long knitting needle
with both ends protruding well
above the surface of the ball.
The knitting needle will repre
sent the axis of the earth and
the protruding ends -the North
and South poles. (Of course we
know that the axis and poles
of the earth are imaginary.)
Place the earth. South Pole
down, on a flat surface, with
the axis straight up and down,
or perpendicular to the flat sur
face. If our planet remained in
this position, we would have
only one season, instead of four,
even though it traveled around
,the sun once each year.
. However, the axis of the earth
Is not perpendicular. It is slant
ed or tilted 23 lj degrees away
from perpendicular. In any
circle there are 360 degrees, so
23'.? degrees is rbout 115 of
the length of the circle. If we
iind the number of inches around
the ball and divide by 15, the
resulting answer will be the dis
tance to tip the North Pole away
from perpendicular or a line
straight up and down in relation
to the flat surface.
If you tip the North Pole to
Hie right from perpendicular you
will find that the South Pole
comes up to the left of the per
pendicular exactly the same dis
tance. Nr Changes
- The earth always remains in
this tilted position. The distance
of either of the poles from the
perpendicular never changes.
But. though the earth remained
tilted, we would still have only
one season if we did not make
the yearly trip around the sun
"How does the earth's jour
ney around the sun influence
the seasons?" someone may ask.
Shall we try an experiment?
Let a lamp on a table or any
flat surface represent the sun.
Take any straight stick, pencil,
or ruler and placing a hand at
each end of it, hold it near the
aide of the lamp and perpendicu
lar In relation to the table. Have
t .
the right hand on the top of the
stick to represent the North Pole
of course the left hand at the
bottom of the stick will be the
South Pole.
Now tilt or slant the stick,so
the righf hand is closer to the
sun than the left. (The amount
of slant does not matter for this
experiment but be sure to keep
the stick in the same position.)
The North Pole being nearer to
the sun would get the most heit
and the northern part of the
earth would be having its spring
and summer seasons.
Opposite Sid
Carefully maintaining the
same slant of the stick, move it
to the opposite side of the lamp.
The South Pole will now be
closer to the sun and so exper
iencing spring and summer
while the northern part of the
earth would be having fall and
winter.
Due to the slant of the earth,
the light of the sun extends past
the North Pole during our spring
and summer, but does not reach
the South Pole. In our fall and
winter the condition is reversed.
While it has been proven
many times over that the earth
travels around the sun, it ap
pears to us that the sun is travel
ing around the earth. (You have
all seen the trees go down the
road in the opposite direction
from which you were driving,
haven't you?)
Due to the yearly journey of
the earth and the tilt of the
earth's axis, the sun seems to
cross the equator (imaginary
line around the center of earth)
twice each year. After crossing
the equator, the sun seems to
travel away from the equator,
either to the north or south, the
exact number of degrees which
the earth's axis is tilted away
from the perpendicular, or 23 Vi
degrees.
Spring. Summer
On or near March 20, the sun
crosses the equator from the
south to the north and our spring
Brethren Group
Picks Moderator
Eugene (U.R) The national
Church of the Brethren, at their
170th recorded annual confer
ence on the University of Ore
gon campus here, has elected
Dr. A. C. Baugher as national
moderator.
Dr. Baugher, president of
Elizabethtown college, Pa., suc
ceeds Paul M. Robinson, presi
dent of Bethany seminary, Chi
cago. About 3200 representatives of
the church are attending the
conferenc here. The church's
delegate body, composed of 650
to 700 pastors and lay workers,
elected Raymond R. Peters, ex
ecutive secretary of the Church
Federation of Greater Dayton,
Ohio, as alternate moderator.
Chalmer E. Faw, professor of
begins. Three months later, on
or near June 21, the sun has
reached a point 23 '4 degrees
north of the equator and this
marks the beginning of our sum
mer. The sun now travels towards
the equator and crosses to the
south on or near September 20.
which is the first day of our
fall or autumn. Again, the sun
moves away from the equator.
This time to the south until a
point 23 'i degrees south of the
equator is reached. This is the
first day of our winter, and oc
curs on or near December 21.
The sun completes the cycle by
again traveling toward the
equator, which it now crosses
from south to north, on or near
March 20, and it is pring once
more.
On Thursday morning, June
21, at 2:24 a.m. (PST), Old Sol
reaches a point 23 Vi degrees
north of the equator and our
summer officially begins. This
day has been named the sum
mer solstice which means "sun
still" as the ancients thought
the sun paused for a few mo
ments before starting on its
journey back towards the equator.
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American Can To Sfarf
Production at Salem
Salem U.R) Production will
start next Wednesday at Salem's
new plant of the American Can
company. '
Plant Superintendent J. G.
Griffin said cans will start roll
ing off the line at the rate of
450 a minute after Gov. Elmo
Smith throws the switches in a
brief ceremony.
the New Testament at Bethany,
was named conference secretary
and a Northwest man, the Rev.
S. Loren Bowman, Wenatchee,
Wash., was elected to the Gen
eral Brotherhood board.
The conference approved by a
unanimous standing vote a be
nevolence goal of $1,500,000,
largest ever voted by the Breth
ren church.
Standards Ordered
For Gas Pipelines
Salem flJ.PJ Public Utilities
Commissioner Charles H. Heltzel
Friday ordered adoption ' of
standards of service for con
struction and maintenance of
pipe line and facilities to distrib
ute natural gas.
Heltzel said the availability of
natural gas this fall will greatly
increase the use of gas as fuel
and will cause some increase in
pipe line pressures. He said in
view of this and the develop
ment of new materials and de
signs, a new construction code
for gas distribution systems was
needed.
The new code will replace
regulations prescribed in 1937
Registered Republican
Wins Democratic Post
Salem U.PJ Attorney Gener
al Robert Y. Thornton said Fri
day that a registered Republican
was the official Democratic can
didate for county commissioner
after he received the highest
number of write-in voles on the
Democratic ballot.
The nominee had not filed for
and 1942.
Most of the Oregon code was
adopted from the American
Standard' association code on
gas transmission, distribution
and piping system. Hearings on
the code were held in May.
Dead tin Sunday Classified is at
at noon Saturday.
any public office but accepted
the election, Thornton said.
The opinion was requested by
the district attorney for Hood
River county.
A tornado advances across the
earth at a speed of 20 to 40 miles
an hour.
Washington (U.R) Hearings
have been scheduled for June
22 before the Senate Interior
and Insular Affairs committee
on amendments offered by Sen.
Richard L. Neuberger (D-Ore.)
to the western water rights bill.
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