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March 2. 1897
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Flight o' Time
Medford nd Jackson County
History from tha filet of The
Mail Tribune 10. 20. 30 and
lp years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Juna 14. 1946
(It was Friday)
Crater Lake National park
will open Saturday, June 15.
From Arthur Perry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: Cowmen
back from the hills, where they
left rock salt at strategic points
for steers, report they never saw
the alleged beef shortage looking
finer, and bawling louder.
20 YEARS AGO
Juna 14. 193S
(It was Sunday)
Lake of the Woods is higher
now than at any other time since
1917 and the road from Butte
Falls is submerged, according to
Karl L. Janouch. supervisor of
the Rogue River National forest.
Shriners from southern Ore
gon and northern California will
attend ceremonies in Klamath
Falls for Hillah Temple cere
monies June 20.
B0 YEARS AGO
June 14. 192S
(It was Monday)
The coming of the National
Guard is one of the big events
of the week and the Wednesday
surprise bargains of the Medford
merchants is another.
Congressman W. C. Hawiey
announces that the board of Nav
al examiners had accepted certi
ficate of examination recently
issued Ned Harrell of Ashland.
40 YEARS AGO
Juna 14. 1916
(It was Wednesday
S. S. Bullis says the city coun
cil will be asked at its next meet
ing to approve the railroad con
tract. The annual school election
Will be held on Monday, June 19,
at 1:30 p.m. to elect a school
board director.
What's the Answer?
1. Time lost from work be
cause of strikes in the first four
months of 195S was less, about
the same, or much more than in
the same months last year?
2. Rio de Janeiro is closer to
New York than Lisbon; right or
wrong?
3. George Washington was
first inaugurated president in
Boston, New York, Philadelphia
Washington, Annapolis, Md., or
his house at Mt. Vernon?
4, Lebanon, a Middle East
Arab country, has more Chris
tians than Moslems in its popu
lation: right or wrong?
5. More fathers or more moth
ers are alive in the U. S. today,
or about the same number of
tach?
6. American troops were sta-
tioned in Iceland originally to
discourage a Nazi or Soviet at
tack?
7. The ten highest mountains
in the world are all in the Hi
malayan range; right or wrong?
The answers: 1. Much more
(7.7 million man -days against 5.4
million). 2. Wrong (Rio is 635
miles nearer Lisbon). 3. New
York. 4. Right (672.000 Chris
tians and 557,000 Moslems In
1949). 5. More mothers. 6. In
July 1941 lo guard against Nazi
occupation. 7. Right.
U.S. AMBASSADOR CHOSEN
Montevideo, Uruguay IU.R)
The Uruguayan government an
nounced Wednesday that Julio
Lacarte-Muro would be ap
pointed ambassador to the Uni
ted States. He now is ambassa
dor to Boliva.
MAIL TRIBUNE
Adenauer and
German reunification
standing topic of conversation between President Eis
enhower and Chancellor Adenauer. 1
At the time of Adenauer's last trip to the United
States, in June a year ago, the western powers were
perturbed about a surprise Soviet bid to the West Ger
man statesman to visit Moscow. Adenauer announced
in Washington that he would go to Russia, but he re
jected in advance any Soviet offer to agree to German
reunification in returnfor a pledge of German neu
trality.
1M0SC0W established diplomatic relations with
l" West Germany last autumn and then proclaim
ed the sovereignty of East Germany. Because it was
thus in position to negotiate directly with the two gov
ernments, fears persisted that pressure from the peo
ple for reunification would eventuate in a neutral
Germany. " - ''
Today the word is that the Kremlin has lost inter
est in neutralizing Germany. Khrushchev is supposed
to have said that he prefers 17 million satellite East
Germans to 70 million neutral but reunified Germans.
He suspects that neutrality would not keep the latter
from driving to recover former German territory now
in the hands of Poland.
A DENAUER reportedly is determined to discuss
Khrushchev's "brutal and arrogant views" with
President Eisenhower. The chancellor repeatedly has
declared for revision of Germany's present eastern
boundaries, and the Kremlin as consistently has in
sisted that the Oder-Neisse
dam must be recognized as permanent.
John L. McCloy, former U. S. High Commissioner
to Germany, recently suggested that German renunci
ation of claims to the lost territories would be the
course of wisdom. Fewer
main there, and the exodus
ment of the claims would
fears of German aggression
chains binding Poland to Russia. b.K.K.
Conscience of the Senate
On last Washington's Birthday, the Senate decid
ed that the time had come for a thoroughgoing inves
tigation of improper or illegal methods used by lob
byists and others to influence action by Congress.
This followed by five days the Eisenhower veto of
the natural gas bill because the methods used to get
it passed had violated "acceptable standards of pro
priety and had endangered public commence m tne
integrity of governmental processes."
One vote was cast against the resolution wmcn
authorized the investigation. The dissenter was Sen.
Langer (R-N.D.) a legislator who often disagrees
with his colleagues. On this occasion he. drew atten
tion to a clause in the resolution which called for a
"report to the Senate by Jan. 31, 1957." Langer said
the effect would be to delay any action on badly need
ed changes in the corrupt practices statutes until after
the 1956 election.
I ANGER was assured that the special committee set
-4 up for the probe would proceed with diligence
and dispatch ; that it would issue interim reports and
recommendations; also that the Senate would not wait
for a final report but would shortly take up an elec
tion reform bill jointly offered by the Senate major
ity and minority leaders Sen. Lyndon Johnson, (D
Tex.), and Sen. William F. Knowland (R-Calif.).
By mid-March, 83 senators had added their names
as sponsors of the Johnson-Knowland bill to make a
total of 40 Democrats and 45 Republicans. But the
bill has not yet been reported for action, and almost
nothing has been heard from the special investigating
committee appointed in February.
Hence it now looks as if Langer had been right;
hope that a new Federal Elections Act of 1956 would
be enacted by the present Congress is rapidly dimin
ishing. E.R.R.
The Weeks Ahead
This is Corset and Brassiere Market Week (June
11-18). According to the Rubber Fabrics company,
several thousand department store buyers will be in
New York to see the fall styles of "approximately 175
designers of shape insurance." Curiously, it's also
Father-Son Week.
The U. S. Chamber of Commerce is offering for
51 cents a compendium of this year's "Special Days,
Weeks and Months," which the Chamber says is "as
comprehensive as we can make it." The wealth of de
tail is almost staggering.
COR example, next week (June 17-23) is National
Bow Tie Week. And the following week (June 24
30) is International White Bread for Health Week,
also National Swim for Health Week. Something
really to look forward to (June 30-July 5) is National
Hillbilly Homecoming Week.
And remember that this whole month i3 Portable
Radio Month, also Dairy Month, also National Rag
weed Control Month, also American Fresh-Water
Pearl Month. Get to controlling that ragweed and
diving for those pearls! E.R.R.
Multnomah Jury
Hears Chief Pureell
Portland (U-PJ Police Chief
Jim Pureell was the only witness
to appear before the Multnomah
county grand Jury yesterday in
its current probe here.
Pureell appeared before the
jury In both morning and after
noon sessions. He also appeared
Tuesday in response to an invita
tion tendered by tha jury panel.
Thursday, June 14. 1938
Reunification j
seems to have become a
line established at Pots
than a million Germans re
is continuing. Abandon
help to relieve Poland s
and possibly loosen the
Greek Scholar, Historian
Dies in North Carolina
Wake Forest, N.C. June 14
Services were held her today for
Dr. George Washington Pascal,
widely known Greek scholar
and Baptist historian, who died
at his home Wednesday.
Pascal, who would have been
87 on July 7, had been ill for
several months. He had retired
from the faculty of Wake Forest
college 18 years ago.
Chou En-Lai Trying To
Talks With
By CHARLES M. McCANN
United Press Correspondent
Chinese Communist Premier
Chou-En-lai is trying persistent
lv to arrange a conference with
Sec retary of
State John
Foster Dulles.
He w a n t s,
for one thing,
to talk over
the future of
Formosa, the
island strong
hold of the
Chi nese Na-
Charlet HcCann tionalists,
which his government says it is
determined to get by one means
or another.
Chou also would like to dis
cuss the situation in Korea, in
hope that he can get the United
States to withdraw its troops.
But Chou has not shown the
slightest sign that he is prepared
to negotiate on any basis which
would offer hope of settling
either the Formosa or the Korea
issues.
Nor has he shown that Red
China is ready to carry out its
promise to free the 13 Ameri
cans whom it still holds in pris
on. ,
Is Sitting Tight
Hence, Dulles is stitting tight,
awaiting some indicaUon that
Chou really wants to talk busi
ness. What Chou really is after is to
get his foot in the door toward
the recognition of Red China by
the United States and its ad
ministration to the United Na
tions. American and Chinese Com
munist representatives have
been meeting about once a week
in Geneva, Switzerland, ever
since last Aug. 1.
The basis for these discussions
is the release of American
prisoners held in China and
other "practical matters affect
ing both sides."
One of these matters is a pro
posed declaration that the Uni
ted States and Red China would
not resort to force to setUe their
disputes.
Prisoners Top Item
To the United States, the first
consideration is to win the re
lease of all American prisoners.
It looked, after the negotia
tions started, that there was
hope of success. The Chinese
did release 39 Americans.
Today and
By Walter
THE PRESIDENT
AND MR. DULLES
There is only one subject of
public interest, and that is the
rate and the charatcer of the
President's re
covery. On that his
doctors alone
are qualified
to speak, and
they have
done, so not
only in reas
suring but in
deed in enthu-
waiter Uppmann siastic terms.
Later on, nowever, after he is
out of the hospital and has had
time to try himself out it will
be the turn of the President him
self to speak.
Until then, the country must
once again resign itself to a
period of uncertainty.
Had the President not been
stricken, there would be many
subjects of great public interest.
One of them is the sharp con
flict on neutrality between what
the President tried to say in his
press conference on Wednesday
and what Mr. Dulles said in his
speech at Iowa State College on
Saturday. This conflict is all the
more surprising in view of the
fact that at the press conference
the President promised that Mr.
Dulles would make it all very
clear, "so that we can all under
stand what it is we are trying
to do in waging the peace." What
Mr. Dulles made clear is that he
and the President do not think
alike, or perhaps we should say
that they do not feel alike, on
the subject of the nations which
refuse to join our military al
liances. FOR THE President, who re
members our own history as
a neutral in respect to the al
liances of Europe, it does not
seem immoral, or necessarily un
wise, if a nation prefers not to
align itself in a military pact.
For him, such neutrality does
not mean indifference "as be
tween right and wrong, or de
cency and indecency."
But for Mr. Dulles, who was
in one of his sternest and most
righteous moods, neutrality
among military alliances is "ex
cept under very exceptional
circumstances. . .an immoral and
shortsighted conception." This is
a rather sweeping generalization
in view of the fact that in Europe
it covers Sweden, Switzerland,
Ireland, not to speak of Austria
and Finland; and In Asia it cov
ers India, Burma, Ceylon and
Indonesia; that in the Middle
East it covers all the Arab states
except Iraq: and that if one looks
into the facts it would cover a
lot of Latin America.
Secretary D
They promised to release the
rest. But they failed to do so,
and there has been no progress
in the Geneva negotiations since
last September.
During aU this time Chou,
who is the Red Chinese foreign
minister, as well as premier, has
made it known frequently that
he would like to talk to Dulles
personally.
It has been disclosed belatedly
that Chou's latest bid for a talk
with Dulles was made in Geneva
May 11.
Turns Down Bid
Dulles has now turned it
down. First, he wants the re
maining prisoners freed. Second
ly, he wants Red China to re
nounce the use of force as a
means of getting Formosa. Chou
has made no new offer on the
A1 offer of Fact By Joseph Aisop
THE NATION MAKER
Jerusalem The face is strong-1
featured and almost square,
bright crimson from hard work
under the Ne
gev sun, and
oddly framed
by two high
standing wings
of silver hair.
The massive
head is far too
big for the
short, sturdy
body.. The
-u&epn .isop arms are aiso
very short and muscular, and
they are often waved, like
flippers, to emphasize a point.
From these details of the out
ward appearance of David Ben
Gurion, you might suppose that
the Prime Minister of Israel cuts
a ridiculous figure. But you
would be wrong. Even although
he so strongly resembles a large.
elderly baby. Sir Winston Chur
chill somehow conveys an over
whelming impression of personal
grandeur. And this mysterious
trait of the old Englishman who
saved his nation is rather con
spicuously shared by the old Jew
who made his nation.
As Ben-Gurion talks, now
philosophically, now with harsh
practicality, now with nostalgic
recollection of his past struggles
you keep 'thinking of Israel's
judges (particularly the more
beUigerent judges) and Israel's
prophets (particularly the tough-
Tomorrow
Lippmann
ViTHAT has brought about the
" Eisenhower'-Dulles muddle
is that apparently uncontrollable
itch in high quarters to utter
resounding generalizations.
Why was it necessary for the
President to discuss neutrality
in general and abstract terms?
Why was it necessary for the
Secretary of State to speak on
a subject as if from a mountain
top? Do other heads of states and
other Foreign Ministers any
where feel that they must gen
eralize and declare moral judg
ments about the policies of other
governments? Why then must
we suffer this recurrent afflic
tion in Washington?
The essence of the problem of
neutrality and alliances is that
it is the problem of each sover
eign state, and that there is no
general rule. What is best for
some states is not necessarily
best for all states. The vice of
the Dulles position is that- it pre
sumes to judge and condemn (on
general grounds the policy of
many states with whom we Have
no quarrel, who have done us
no injury, who have as much
right as we have to join or to
refuse to join particular alli
ances. Mr. Dulles should know
that his sweeping moral judg
ments will win him no allies
but can alienate many friends.
THE occasion for these untime
ly and dangerous utterances
is that -certain of the new "mil
itary alliances particularly the
Southeast Asia Treaty and the
Baghdad Pact are causing so
much trouble that a reappraisal
has become necessary. The Pres
ident's friendly remarks on neu
trality reflect one aspect to this
reappraisal in which he has un
doubtedly been participating.
Mr. Dulles's harsh remark re
flect another side of the reap
praisal. They " reflect "the fear
that if any concessions, like the
President's are, made to, neu
trality, the whole fragile struc
ture of the alliances wiU crum
ble. The crux of the problem is to
find ways of reducing the mil
itary character of these alliances
and of transforming them into
agencies of economic coopera
tion. The Administration has not
yet, however, succeeded in for
mulating such a solution of the
problem. Fearing that the ex
istent system of alliances will
dissolve before a new system of
cooperation can be worked out,
Mr. Dulles Is for public pur
poses let us hope for public
purposes only grimly standing
pat on the pretense that the
whole policy is firm and is in no
need of serious revision.
1956, The New York Herald
Tribune, Inc.
mi
Arrange
ulles
prisoners. As regards the use of
force, Chou wants merely to
loose declaration that the two
countries should negotiate the
future of Formosa peacefully.
It has been disclosed, also be
latedly, that Chou on April 9
proposed through Great Britain
that a big conference be held to
discuss the withdrawal of all
foreign troops from Korea. This
proposal was rejected also,
through the United Nations com
mand in Korea, on the ground
that the Reds will not agree to
free elections by which Korea
might be unified.
As of now there is no indica
tion that the deadlocks in the
Geneva negotiations or the Ko
rean situation can be ended. But
Chou keeps on trying to get
Dulles into a conference.
er sort of prophets) in the old
Bible times.
en
BEN-Gurion, the sharp, some
times unscrupulous p o 1 i t i
cian, is there too. So is Ben
Gurion, the leader of such ruth
less single-mindedness that he
was wholly ready to sacrifice the
simple Arab peasantry of Pales
tine, in order to create the Israeli
state. But Nehemiah, for ex
ample, was also something of a
politician. And Nehemiah was
certainly fierce enough towards
the "Arabians and the Ammo
nites and the Ashdodites" when
they tried to stop him rebuilding
the walls of Jerusalem alter tne
Babylonian captivity.
In these days, the Old Testa
ment is hardly news. Yet every
Western policymaker and every
Arab ler.der ought to study it
prayerfully, for there is no other
way to understand the spirit of
David Ben-Gurion, which is also
in large measure the spirit of his
people. That spirit is a cardinal
political fact in the Middle East;
and if you do not take it as a
fact, you are bound to make the
wildest misjudgments and nour
ish the most Idiotic false hopes.
r EXPLAINS, in the first place,
why Ben-iiurion and most of
the other Israeli leaders are not
at all averse to living in a state
of siege almost Indefinitely. The
Arab boycott of Israeli trade, the
ever present tension on the bord
ers, the constant menace of at
tack, would cause most Western
statesmen to suffer a nervous
collapse within a month. But
Ben-Gurion plainly finds danger
invigorating, and considers that
a state of siege has positive ad
vantages. - '
"We have gathered in our
tribes from all over the earth,"
he says. "From them -we must
make our nation. Those who
never held a plough must learn
to till the soil. Those who were
always humble must learn to be
proud. It does not hurt for all
our people to know that they
must rely on themselves and
only on themselves. So the new
nation comes to birth. We want
peace, but not at any price. And
if we cannot get real peace for
10 years or 20 years, why we
can stand it. And there will be
some blessing in it too."
It seems a fantastic statement,
in this self-indulgent age. It is
made with a slight smile, a
quick shrug and the flipper-gesture.
But every word of it is
plainly meant in deadly earnest.
Ben-Gurion is just as serious too,
although again he smiles, when
he describes how the British
Prime Minister tried to persuade
him to seek peace, same months
ago, by offering important terri
torial concessions to the Arabs.
"I told Sir Anthony Eden's
representative," he says with a
happy grin, "that if he really
wanted to take this land from
Israel, he had better mobilize the
British Army."
THE SPIRIT that breathes
through these remarks is the
same spirit that animates Ben
Gurion's approach to two prob
lems of the most vivid current
interest. One is the problem of
border incidents, which was sup
posed to have been settled, only
a few weeks ago, by UN Secre
tary General Dag Hammar
skjold. If anyone imagines Israeli
policy has been changed by Ham
marskjold's mission, he is al
together wrong.
Since the victory over the
Arabs in 1948, Israel has always
been troubled, and is being
troubled today, by constant pin
pricks along her borders. With
or without the toleration of the
Arab governments, border cross
ers steal the harvest here, make
off with irrigating pipe or ani
mals or other valuables there, or
open fire on an exposed road or
even commit a murder some
where else. The Israeli policy al
ways has been to wait just so
long, and then to order one of
those major retaliatory opera
tions which have caused so many
flare-ups of tension in the last
eight years. That is still the
Israeli policy.
Ben-Gurion argues that if all
the little border incidents went
unpunished, their numbers
would increase and they would
grow progressively more serious
"until our people would have no
security." herefore, he declares
grimly, "Israel cannot tolerate
In THe Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
In rhe U.S. senate the other
day, Oregon's Richard Neuber
ger mads a curiously interesting
move. He proposed that federal
power commission licenses for
(power) dam construction be
SUSPENDED in case where li
censes have failed to comply
with state law.
His proposal was in the form
of an amendment to a bill spon
sored by Senator Barrett of Wyo
ming, which would simply re
quire federal agencies to observe
state water laws. Neuberger's
amendment goes considerably
farther.
He said in introducing it that
it would BLOCK construction of
the Pelton dam on the Deschutes
river by the Portland General
Electric company and also a
Hell's Canyon dam on the Snake
river between regon and Idaho
that Is now under construction
by the Idaho Power company.
SENATOR Neuberber is doing
what looks like a good deed.
But he has MIXED motives. It
may be that his suspension pro
posal would strengthen the the
ory that the states own their
own waters, which was shaken
by the recent U.S. supreme court
decision authorizing the Portland
General Electric company to go
ahead with the Pelton dam re
gardless of state objections.
I think, however, that his pri
mary purpose is to block the
Pelton dam and the Hell's Can
yon dam, both of which are pri
vate power projects. Senator
Neuberger wants a monopoly of
government power in the Co
lumbia Basin, and both the Pel-
these terrorist acts."
TY THE same token, although
- the Svrian eovernment has
publicly stated that it would be
a casus belli, Ben-Gurion also de
clared grimly that Israel must
proceed this year with the Jor
dan water diversion scheme. Wa
ter is Israel's lifeblood. The prop
er sharing of the Jordan waters
has already been planned. Israel
will "explore all avenues to
avoid a quarrel." But, says Ben-
Gurion, "if the Arabs decide to
start a fight over this problem,
we shall go to work and damn
the consequences.
What then, you ask the old
man, if the consequence to Israel
is a war between this tiny nation
and all the millions of Arabs?
And to this he answers that he
will never make a preventive
war "Because even a bad peace
is better than victory in war.
But he will not be frightened or
blackmailed, either, by his neigh
bors power and his neighbors
threats.
'Time," he remarks," "is sup
posed to be on our enemies side.
But in these last eight years, we
have doubled in material
strength and we have ' much
more than doubled in moral
strength, which is the most im
portant strength of alL With all
their MIG-15s, I do not think
that Arab strength has doubled.
You say I am not logical. I an
swer that only fools look for
logic in history. And I tell you,
whatever power they may bring
against us, Israel will not falter
or submit."
SYX THIS note ended both the
lonp rnnversatinn that T haH
with this remarkable man. And
both times, as I went out of his
simple office, I found myself re
calling the passage in which
Nehemiah describes how he re
fortified Jerusalem a passage
often proudly quoted In Israel
today.
"(In) that time," says the
Prophet, "half of my servants
wrought in the work, and the
other half of them held both the I
spears, the shields and the bows, 1
and the habergeons . . . They
which buUded on the walls, and
they that bare burdens, and
those that laded, every one with
one of his hands wrought in
work, and with the others held
a weapon. For the builders,
every one had his sword girded
by his side, and so builded."
Copyright 1956 New York
Herald Tribune, Inc.
ir
r
ton dam and the Hell's Canyon
dam are private power enter
prises. Hell's Canyon, in particular.
has been made a sacred cause by
the proponents of public power.
T IS certainly a mixed situa
- tion.
Down here in Southern Ore
gon and Far Northern California
we believe about as strongly as
we can believe in anything that
the states own the water. We
fear that if the government estab
lishes complete ownership the
time wiU come when water will
be moved around from state to
state and from watershed to
watershed according to the the
ory of the GREATEST GOOD TO
THE GREATEST NUMBER. We
feel VERY strongly that the
water that falls in our water
sheds BELONGS TO US, to be
developed by us for our own
uses. We feel DEEPLY that if
anybody wants to use our water
he should COME HERE and use
it HERE, where it falls in the
first place. We are violenUy op
posed to the idea of ANYBODY
taking our water away from us
for use SOMEWHERE ELSE
where population and wealth ara
greater, and votes are more nun
erous.
We feel that well be better
able to protect our water under
state ownership than under fed
eral ownership. We have been
disturbed by the implications of
the supreme court decision in the
Pelton dam case.
WS'RE more or less neutral in
the resoundinff. tuh - thumn-
ing, bonecracking public power
battle. We have rib objection to
Shasta dam, which is a public
power project with important
reclamation side issues. We have
no objection to the federal dams
that have been built in the Co
lumbia Basin. As a matter of
fact, if the Coumbia Basin wants
a public power MONOPLY,
we're reany to say that if that's
what .they want it wiU be all
right with us if they'll just leave
us alone.
Down here, the only power
development we have is private
power development. We want it.
We need it. We want more in
dustrial development, and pow
er is an essential for industrial
development. We don't want any
body STOPPING the only kind
of "power development we've
been able to get.
SO WE'RE a little uneasy over
Neuberger's proposal to STOP
private power dams that have
already been started. All in all,
we greatly prefer Senator Bar
rett's bill, as it stands, because
it proposes simply to require
federal agencies to observe state
water laws.
To us, that seems to cover the
situation adequately.
Congressional
Quiz
'Copyright, I95
." CongreulonaJ Quarterly)
Q Prior to the signing of the
North Atlantic Treaty in 194B,
how many defensive alliance
agreements formal pacts to
come to the aid of an ally if
attacked had the U.S. made in
its history: (a) 1 (b) 11 (c) 110
(d) 1,100?
A 1. The U.S. had xnede
only the French Alliance of
1778. All . other treaties and
agreements were commercial,
comity, friendship or peace
agreements.
Dr. Robert E. Lee
OPTOMETRIST
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1