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Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20. 30 and
10 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Rpril 12. 1946
at was Friday)
Mrs. Robert C. Hart elected
president of the Jackson County
Public Health association.
From Arthur Ferry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: The Older
Girls have started fearing rain
on Easter Sunday, an ancient
annual custom.
20 YEARS AGO
April 12. 1936
(It was Sunday)
Mercury reaches 84 in Med
ford, setting new high since
weather bureau started keeping
records here in 1911.
Mrs. J. S. C. Wells, treasurer
of Jackson County Health asso
ciation, announces $1,806.12
donated in Christmas seal cam
paign. 30 YEARS AGO
April 12. 1926
(It was Monday)
Total of 20,000 acres around
Oregon Caves in Josephine coun
ty set aside for game refuge. ,
From Local and Personal column-
The Jananese flowering
cherry tree in Lithia Park, Ash
land, is now in full bloom and
presents a pretty sight. The tree
is located in the park's Japanese
garden.
40 YEARS AGO
April 12. 1916
(It was Wednesday)
Ashland residents defeat 34 to
378 a proposal to refund $43,500
work of municipal bonds.
More than 50 per cent of
county's eligible voters have not
registered: five days remain be
fore deadline for primary.
What's the Answer?
Can You Gel 4 of the 7?
Copr. 19SS. Editorial Research Report
1. Federal excise taxes were
recently continued for another
12 months with certain higher
rates, with certain lower rates,
some of each, or unchanged?
2. More than half of all U.S.
families these days have a fam
ily income of over $4000; right
or wrong?
3. President Eisenhower is or
isn't a teetotaler as to hard
liquor?
4. There are one, two, three,
four, or more than four recog
nized widespread types of polio?
5. The Lido in Italy is a fa
mous art museum, cathedral,
horse race, summer resort or
statue in St. Peter's?
6. John Calvin, great religious
reformer, was of Scots, Swiss,
French, English or Spanish
birth?
7. Who was the only President
born in Texas?
The answers: 1. Unchanged. 2.
Right. 3. Isn't' 4. Three. 5. Sum
mer resort. 6. French. 7. Eisen
hower. Ex'Costa Rican President
Bedded by Heart Attack
Mexico City (U.R) Refugee
Costa Rican ex-President Rafael
Calderon Guardia is "resting
well" after a heart attack sim
ilar to President Eisenhower's,
and has a good chance, of com
plete recovery, it was reported
today.
Calderon's doctors said the
56-year-old Costa Rican, who has
been ill since Sunday, will have
to spend several more weeks in
bed.
9"
MAIL TRIBUNE.
Disarmament Talk Futile
If we were sensible there would be some real
progress made at the European disarmament confer
ence. By "we" we don't refer to the editorial "we" but
"we the people" and we include not only the people
of this country but people of all countries the so
called civilized ones at least. (Assuming that any.are
really civilized.) .
DUT WE ARE not sensible. We are ruled not by
" reason but by fear. We fear and distrust Russia.
Russia fears and distrusts the United States. When
there is no mutual trust, there can be and will be
no real disarmament. "
Oh, a few ships might be sunk, as was done in
1920, and a few obsolete weapons abandoned, but as
far as actually weakening the defenses of any world
power is concerned, there is no more likelihood of
that being done than there is of Comrades Bulganin
and Khrushchev seeking American citizenship.
TN FACT, as we view it, this disarmament meeting
is a sheer waste of time and money. If this were
not a presidential election year we doubt if it would
have been held at all. But for political reasons both
Russia and the United States wished to demonstrate
to their own peoples and the world 'in general, that
they want peace, and to talk disarmament or at least
not REFUSE to do so appeared to be the best way to
accomplish this.
TT WAS QUITE significant, incidentally, that just
before departing for Georgia with his golf clubs,
President Eisenhower should have made no reference
to the international disarmament conference, but
should have asked for more millions for armament in
creases particularly in the realm of guided missiles
and jet planes.
In fact while Mr. Stassen is eloquently urging dis
armament "over there," practically every representa
tive of the government over here is either urging in
creased armaments, or maintaining the appropria
tions already made are sufficient to keep us up to Rus
sia in the most stupendous armament race in human
history.
Rather silly isn't it?
But so long as we refuse to be sensible that is it,
and we fear that is the way it is going to be for a
very long time at least.
IT ISN'T reasonable, it isn't logical but unfortu
nately it IS human nature.
If cold logic instead of warm emotion ruled the
genus homo, a real program of reduction in arma
ments would soon result in London.
For, as so often remarked in this department the
advent of the atomic and hydrogen bomb has made
war, on any world-wide scale at least, self-defeating.
It no longer pays. We have yet to hear any authority
on Russia, deny that Russia doesn't want another
World War any more than the United States does. Its
recent drastic change in policy, in fact, is based essen
tially upon this complete change in its view of armed
force as a desirable or determining factor in settling
international disputes. It is to Russia not a matter of
morals, but simply of national self-interest.
Yet Soviet Russia is doing the same the USA is
doing spending more and more on : armaments, on
land, at sea and in the air, and boasting of the fact.
CO HERE we come to an interesting feature of the
problem. These billions spent for new weapons of
wholesale destruction, are not,, it is claimed for ag
gression but solely for defense.
The United States makes the same claim. We are
arming more and more but not for WAR, but for
peace.
The only difference from the American stand
point is Uncle Sam means what he says he is telling
the truth Imperialist Russia isn't.
CO WE RETURN to the point from which we start-
ed mutual fear and distrust
There is plenty of evidence to support the Amer
ican attitude, and little if any to support the fear and
suspicion of Russia. But it makes little practical dif
ference whether these states of mind are justified or
not, they do exist and so long as they exist, calling
disarmament conferences, has no more real value in
promoting world peace than calling the cows home to
the milking shed at sunset or whenever they should
be called.
...
IN SHORT, calling disarmament conferences under
world conditions as they now exist is futile it is
putting the cart before the horse.
First there must be mutual good will and mutual
trust, before any real program of disarmament, has
even a chinaman's chance of success.
Meanwhile there is one hopeful note, in the sym
phony of "doom and gloom" namely":
While hopes for disarmament were never less
warranted, hopes for peace as far as war on any large
scale are concerned, were never brighter.
What mutual good will and trust cannot do for
neither exist mutual fear and self-interest CAN.
We refer, of course, not to the fear of one nation
for another, but the fear of all nations of the dire re
sults to THEMSELVES of war in this age of atomic
weapons. R. W. R.
Four Oregon Churches
Win Design Awards
New York (U.R) Four Ore
gon churches won awards in de
sign competition of the National
Council of Churches. They in
cluded the First Presbyterian
Church, Cottage Grove; Central
Lutheran Church, Eugene; Zion
Lutheran Church, Portland; and
Central Lutheran Church, Portland,
Thursday, April 12, 1956
Morse, Neuberger Vote
For Farm Bill Passage
Washington (U.R) The 50
35 vote . by which the Senate
passed the farm bill included:
Republicans for: Dworshak
and Welker.
Democrats for: Bible, Hayden,
Jackson, Morse and Neuberger.
Republicans against: Bennett,
Goldwater, Knowland, Kuchel,
and Watkinj.
r"
Eden Plans Crowded Itinerary
For Bulganin, 'Khruschev Visit
By CHARLES M. McCANN
United Press Correspondent
It is beginning to look as if
the Kremlin's "Mr. B. and Mr.
K." may not have, a very good
time, during
their visit to
Great Britain.
Prime Min
ister Anthony
Eden seems
not to let
his guests
make Britain
the arena for
another of
Charles McCann
their diplomatic circuses.
Nor, it is emphasized in Lon
don, will be accept any bid the
two Russians may make for an
other Big Four "Summit" con
ference. Premier Nikolai A. Bulganin
and Communist Party Leader
Nikita S. Khrushchev are to ar
rive in Britain next Wednes
day. Eden's program for their visit
covers about every waking hour
of their 10-day stay.
Official conference, lunch
eons, receptions, dinners, a tea
with Queen Elizabeth, an . opera,
trips to a Royal Air Force sta
tion and to two atomic ' energy
plants will occupy their time. -
Bulganin and Khrushchev al
ready have let it be known that
they don't like it.
Complained in 'Interview'
They complained in an amaz
ing question-and-answer "inter
view" published in the Moscow
Communist Party newspaper
Pravda Sunday that "certain
forces" in Britain plotted to re
strict their movements.
They lamented that they
would not be able to accept al
leged invitations from ordinary
Britons to visit factories and
homes, and to hobnob with. the
general public.
It has been made plain, how
ever, that Eden himself person
ifies the "certain forces" of
whom Mr. B. and Mr. K. spoke.
Despite his good looks and his
immaculate homburg-hat attire,
Eden is a very hard-headed man.
Soviet Power Minister Georgi
M. Malenkov took the ball away
from his hosts during his recent
visit to Britain. He hobnobbed
with the public most of the time,
and thoroughly enjoyed himself.
That is what Bulganin and
Khrushchev would like to do.
Malenkov was not a govern
ment guest. He went to Britain
with a delegation of Russian
scientists and engineers, to in
. -
'''y,r
Matter of Fact by
IKE AND THE FARM BILL
Washington Before the gas
bill fight was settled, and before
the President announced his de-
WSS9?! cision to run
again, Sen.
Hubert Hum
phrey, Demo
crat of Min
nesota, made
a prediction in
the Senate
lobby. "Ike
will veto the
gas b i 1 1,"
Stewart Aisop numpnrey
said, "he'll sign the farm bill,
he'll run for a second term, and
he'll beat the living daylights
out of us."
Humphrey has a penetrating
voice, and the Humphrey pre
diction was relayed to the Pres
ident himself not long there
after. The President, when he
heard it, laughed long and loud,
and then proceeded to give the
Minnesota Senator a 50 per cent
score by vetoing the gas bill
and announcing his decision to
run. It will be interesting to
see whether he gives Humphrey
a 75 per cent score by signing
the farm bill in the next few
days.
AN MONDAY, at a White
House conference, the Presid
ent participated personally in the
decision to make a last gasp
effort in the' House to force
through an acceptable comprom
ise biU. If the effort succeeds,
which is unpredictabe at the
moment of writing, the Presid
ent of course will sign. But if the
effort fails, the President will
be faced with a rather nasty
choice.
Secretary of Agriculture Ezra
Benson has publicly labelled the
bill as it now stands "unaccept
able." The President himself has
been careful not to commit him
self finally. But there is no ques
tion about number of other as
pects of the bill.
In fact, there is probably not
another issue of domestic policy
on which the President feels
more strongly. His brother, Mil
ton, Eisenhower, is generally
given credit or, among farm
state Republicans, blame for
persuading the President that
the rigid parity system is self
defeating and ruinous in the
long run. .
"
AN THE parity issue, the Pres
ident has unflinchingly sup
ported his Secretary of Agri
culture, although he is fully
aware that Benson would win
no popularity contests in the
farm area. Yet the political dang
ers inherent in a Presidential
veto of the farm bill are very
real and very menacing. I
iS 1
spect atomic power plants. He
wasn't even expected to be a
delegate.
Eden Suspicious
Bulganin and Khrushchev will
be state visitors. Not only that,
but Eden has shown that he is
thoroughly suspicious of them.
He has shown pretty plainly al
so that he is sorry he ever invit
ed them to Britain during the
rosy days of last summer's
"Summit" talks in Genwa.
London dispatches say that in
the six formal conferences he is
to hold with Bulganin and
Khrushchev, Eden means to talk
about disarmament, German uni
fication, Communist intrigues in
the Far East and similar issues.
The dispatches say also that
Eden will brush off any talks
In The Day's
By FRANK JENKINS
More on foreign af airs which
seem to be approaching another
crisis in the Middle East:
BRITISH newspapers both
Conservative and Laborite
are charging as this is written
that the Eisenhower administra
tion is VACCILATING on the
Middle East situation.
They call for UNITED AC
TION by Britain and the United
States to "head off the danger
of open war between Israel and
the Arab states."
WHAT kind of action?
" Shall we back Israel against
the Arab states? Or shall we
back the Arab states against
Israel?
Either course would probaby
lead to shooting war. When a
shooting war starts, nobody can
tell how far it may spread.
THE BRITISH are said to favor
"tough" action in the Middle
East. The fact that both Con
servative and Laborite papers
are urging action by Britain and
the United States indicates that
this may be true.
How tough do they want to
get?
And how far do WE want to
go in the direction of toughness?
"VTEANWHILE '
1TA United Natons' secretary-
general, Dag Hammarskjold, is
on his way to the Middle East to
see what United Nations can do
in the way of staving off war
and arriving at a settlement of
the issues that are invovled in
the Middle East ruckus.
Stewart Alsop
The Minnesota and Wisconsin
primaries especially the form
er heavily underscored those
dangers. Before Minnesota, it
seemed possible that some sort
of face-saving formula, short of
rigid 90 per cent of parity,
might be agreed on'in confer
ence. Senate Majority Leader
Lyndon Johnson inclined to such
a formula But when. House
Speaker Sam Rayburn read the
Minnesota returns, he insisted
that 90 per cent of parity be
retained, and he had his way.
The Democratic strategy is,
of course, to get a bill including
rigid supports on the President's
desk and, if he vetoes, to make
the farm issue the main issue of
the campaign." From one end of
the country to another, the
President will be belabored for
indifference to the farmer's
plight, and his famous Kasson,
Minn., speech, in which he seem
ed to promise high supports,
will be gleefully recalled from
every Democratic hustings.
Come Democrats believe, or
profess to believe, that the
President might actually suffer
the same fate as Thomas E.
Dewey in 1948, if he vetoes the
farm bill. By the same token,
as Hubert Humphrey's mourn
ful prediction suggests, a Presi
dential signature on a high sup
ports farm bill would rob the
Democrats of about the last
really powerful issue they have
left.
Signing such a bill would
also greatly help threatened Re
publican Dirksen of Illinois. And
if Secretary Benson resigned in
protest, as some of his friends
think he would do, that would
be something less than a political
disaster for the Administration
and the Republican party. .
,
TT IS easy to see why the pres
sure on the President to sign
the farm bill under any circum
stances will be very heavy in
deed. But there will also be
persuasive voices favoring a
veto, including not only Benson
and brother .Milton but, report
edly, Sherman Adams, powerful
White House chief of staff. One
pro-veto argument is that the
policial curse can be taken off
a veto by a concurrent decision
by Benson to raise parity levels
sharply, which Benson has the
legal authority to do.
All in all, It will be remark
ably interesting to see how the
President resolves the personal
and political dilemma which will
confront him, if the drive to
force an acceptable compromise
on the farm bill fails.
1956, New York Herald
Tribune lac.
about a new "Summit confer
ence by inviting Bulganin and
Khrushchev to show, by deeds,
how anything fruitful might
come out of such a conference.
Aside from the restrictions put
on Bulganin and Khrushchev,
there still remains the question
whether any hostile demonstra
tions against them will .break
out despite the elaborate secur
ity arrangements.
Men like Bulganin and
Khrushchev are carefully guard
ed by their subordinates against
learning unpleasant facts of life.
They may or may not know how
many Briton s and refugees
from countries the Kremlin
have enslaved detest the mere
idea of their visit, and threaten
to let them know it.
News
That is what United Nations
was created for. It is our hope
that it wil be able to acomplish
such things that keeps us back
ing it.
PERSONALLY, I think we'd
better give UN another try
before we start getting tough
in the Middle East. It's easy to
get tough and wade into a war.
It's much harder to wade out
of one after having waded into
it.
Korea is a good example of
that.
TTAVING talked about foreign
relations again, let's talk
again for a moment about U.S.
savings bonds. Especially E
bonds the kind where $18.75
gets you $25."
When the war started, our
people . responded loyally and
strongly to our government's
appeal to them to buy bonds.
They responded thus for two
reason:
1. Patriotism.
2. Thrift
Thev knew our country need
ed their money. Xnd they knew
that money SAVED UP DUR
ING THE WAR would come in
awfully handy after the war,
During the war, we couldn't buy
much anyway, so we stashed
our money away to buy things
with when the war ended and
the things we wanted would be
available again.
T ETS NOW go back in memory
for a few years.
After the war ended, inflation
got started. The politicians lack
ed the courage to STOP it.
' So .
Prices went up. As prices
went up, the buying power of
the dollar WENT DOWN.
The upshot of it was that
when people cashed in their E
bonds they found that the $25
wouldn't buy as much as the
$18.75 would have bought.
The result of that was a lot
of disillusionment.
iraY ALL
this recital of
history?
It's like this:
There are disturbing signs
that inflation is starting again
If it gets going again in a big
way (because the politicians
lack the courage to stop it) the
money we get for our bonds
when we cash them in won't
buy as much, interest and all,
as the money we PAID for them
would have bought when we
started saving.
That would result in a lot
MORE disillusionment
Fish Passages
Af Pelion Dam
Must Be Changed
Portland U.R) Oregon's fish
and game commissions yesterday
informed Portland General Elec
tric Company they would not
approve fish passage facilities
for Pelton dam on the Deschutes
river until nine changes are
made in PGE plans.
P. W. Schneider, director of
the game, commission, and M. T.
Hoy, director of the fish com
mission, asserted, in addition,
that PGE would be in violation
of its Federal Power Commission
license if it begins construction
of the dam without state ap
proval of fish facilities.
Continuing Liability
The two officials said the EPC
had informed them that PGE'i
license carried a "continuing
liability at least until all fish
facilities are approved and con
structed.'" Fred Kempe of PGE said no
actual construction has been
started at the dam site beyond
access roads. : :
Plan changes mentioned by
Hoy and Schneider included di
version of fish into the ladder at
the re-regulating dam below
Pelton; elimination of flow re
striction devices from . the lad
der; completion of trap design,
and detailed design of down
stream migrant facilities.
Their recommendations for
changes were based on PGE
plans submitted to the two
agencies March 23.
At present survival rates, 3,
404,000 World War II veterans
may still be living by the year
2000.
1 ...
GOP Efforts to Pin
'Do Nothing1 Label
Seen Uphill
Washington (CQ) Republi
can efforts to pin the "do-nothing"
label on the Democratic
controlled 84th Congress make
shrewd politics.
. An uphill battle apparently
awaits the Grand Old Party In
its attempt to win control of
Senate and House in the 85th
Congress, to be elected in No
vember. The do-nothing charge,
if it sticks, might prove as ef
fective as it was in 1948, when
President Truman pasted it on
the Republican-run 80th Con
gress GOP Must Gain 15
As matters stand, Republicans
must make a net gain of 15
House seats if they hope to re
install Rep. -Joseph W. Martin
Jr. (Mass.) as Speaker next Jan
uary. Their chances appear best
in 31 districts won by Democrats
in 1954 with 55 per cent or less
of the vote. Twenty of these dis
tricts elected Republicans in
1952.
But the GOP's problem may
be complicated by losses among
the 203 districts that elected Re-
publican Representatives in
1954. Such losses would . boost
the number of Wins needed in
districts currently held by Demo
crats. Losses if they occur appear
most likely among 63 districts
won by Republicans in 1954 with
55 per cent or less of the vote.
These districts are scattered
through 29 states. However, 25
are concentrated in five states
New York (6), California (5),
Indiana (5), Pennsylvania (5) and
Connecticut (4).
Most Vulnerable
As a practical matter, Repub
licans whose margins of victory
were the smallest in 1954 would
seem to be the most vulnerable,
All told, 14 of the 63 "marginal"
Republicans won election with
less than 51 per cent of the vote,
One Rep. Shepard J. Crum-
packer, a three-termer from
South Bend, Ind. already has
announced he will retire rather
than seek re-election, because
of the uncertainties of politics
In another approach to the
question of vulnerability, Con
gressional Quarterly analyzed
the vote in these 63 districts in
terms of the relative changes
that occurred between 1952 and
1954. This analysis suggests that
Republicans may encounter some
of their toughest fights in dis
tricts where their vote fell the
most in 1954, and that of the
Democrats the least.
At one end of the 63 districts
is a group of 11 in which the
GOP share of the vote increased,
on the average, from 49 per cent
In 1952 to 54 per cent in 1954.
Although the total number of
votes cast in these districts, as
in most others, declined in 1954,
the Republican turnout dropped
only 15 per cent. The Demo
cratic vote, meanwhile, was off
25 per cent.
GOP May Gain
These figures contrast with a
national falloff of 29.5 per cent
in the Republican vote, and of
21.7 per cent in the Democratic
vote. This suggests that in these
11 districts Republican strength
may be gaining.
At the other end of the "mar
ginal" scale is a group of 14 dis
tricts in which the GOP's share
of the vote dropped from 62 per
cent in 1952 to 54 per cent in
1954. Here the total Republican
vote was off 32 per cent, that
of Democrats only 1.5 per cent.
This may spell real trouble for
Republican candidates this fall.
Averages, of course, give only
a slim clue to what may be vot
ing trends. Each Congressional
district is in a class by itself,
since local issues, the personal
ities of the candidates and other
non-party factors may be of over
riding importance in determin
ing the outcome of any election.
Even so, it seems significant
that in four of the 14 "biggest
drop" districts, the 1954 Demo
cratic turnout actually increased
Battle
an average of 18.4 per cent while
the GOP vote dropped an aver
age of 24 per cent.
Two Questionable States
Democrats elected governors
in Maine and Minnesota in 1954.
If the Democratic trend con
tinues in 1956, these GOP House
seats will be among the most
vulnerable. -.
Democrats who see a parallel
between 1956 and 1948 point to
these similarities: Then, as now,
farmers were sore at the Re
publicans; and the reelection of
President Eisenhower is being
as widely predicted as was the
election of GOP candidate
Thomas E. Dewey. "
But Republicans say that, In
1948, no, one foresaw the 80th
"do-nothing" Congress would be
punished at the polls by return
ing Democrats to overwhelming
control. Thus their efforts to pull
the same switch, in reverse, in
1956.
Copyright 195S,
Congressional Quarterly
Many Americans
To Spend Week End
Making Tax Return
Washington A large num
ber of Americans will spend
part of the April 13-16 week end
on federal income tax return
and payments. Returns must be
filed even by those whose deduc
tions and exemptions relieve
them from tax payment esti
mated to be one of every four or
five who file a return.
Last year no less than 57.6
million personal income tax re
turns were filed, of which more
than half were joint returns of
husband wife. ' The number of
Americans 18 years of age and
older was around 110 million, so
about two in every three were
included in an income-tax re
turn. Started in 1913
This would probably have as
tounded, if not appalled, the
members of Congress who. initi
ated our present income tax
legislation in 1913. (A Civil War
income tax had been imposed in
1862-72; a second- income tax,
imposed in 1894, had been ruled
invalid, the following year; the
16th amendment, authorizing an
income tax, was ratified in 1913.)
In the 1913 tax the exemp
tions were $4,000 for a married
person and $3,000 for a single
one. On taxable income above
these limits, the rate was only
one per cent up to $20,000. The
maximum was a mere six per
cent, and this didn't begin to op
erate until the $500,000 net in
come level.
Even during World War I
the exemptions didn't go below
$2,000 for married and $1,000
for single, and six per cent was
the highest rate during World
War I on taxable income up to
$4,000.
(Editorial Research Reports)
Congressional
Quiz
(Copyright, I95S
Congressional Quarterly) s
Q Only one President of the
United States has been elected
and served a term, failed in
a try for re-election and then
been elected for a second term.
Who was he?
A Grover Cleveland was
elected President in 1884 and
1892. He received a plurality
of the DODular vote in 1888. rint
Benjamin Harrison received a
majority of the electoral vote.
Cleveland's is the only name
that appears twice on the roster
of our Presidents, as 22nd and
24th. All other Presidents who
served more than one term
served consecutively.
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