Tuesday, November 29, 1955
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. Washington -CU.R) Chair
mart Neil McElroy today formal
ly rejected a proposal to throw
the White House Conference on
Education open to general floor
debate and voting on the con
troversial issue of federal aid to
schools.
McElroy told the 1800 dele
gates at a morning session that
it would be "impractical" to
change the ground rules of the
conference, which now ban floor
debate and formal action on res
olutions. Instead the conferees
will engage in a series of round
table discussions which are sup
posed to produce "consensus"
reports on various issues.
Ruled Out of Order
McElroy ruled, out of order a
yiotion made last night by Mrs.
Edmund Campbell, a delegate
from Arlington, Va., which
would have made it possible to
put specific resolutions before
the entn-e conference for a re
corded vote. The proposal was
supported by labor groups in the
hopes of putting the conference
on record in support of large
scale federal aid to schools.
"Vice-President Richard M.
Nixon added that some addition
al federal assistance is "inevita
ble and necessary." But he
swarned that any government aid
program which would reduce lo
cal and state contributions
"would be a tragic mistake."
Any federal aid should encour
age more, not less, state and lo
cal responsibility, he said.
Salaries 'National Disgrace'
Nixon declared that, with few
exceptions, teachers' salaries are
a national disgrace" and could
"lead to a national disaster" un
less raises are provided.
The President's filmed mes
sage and Nixon's speeches were
presented at the opening session
of the four-day meeting on ur
gent problems facing the na
tion's schools.
Delegates, serving as "advis
ers to the President," divide
into 180 round tables today to
tackle three of the six topics on
their agenda.
Officials from Mr. Eisenhow
er down have defended the
round table method of record
ing the delegates' views.
The President expressed con
dence that the conference will
come up with specific solutions
"good for the nation as a whole '
and will reject "crackpot ideas."
Today's agenda deals with
what schools should accomplish,
how to organize school systems
more efficiently, and school
building needs.
The crucial questions of how
to get enough teachers and how
to pay for schools come up on
Wednesday.
Wall Decorating Swings
Back To Do-It-Yourself
e Washington A star-spangled
. wall recently uncovered in an
"old house in Otisco, N. Y., brings
to light a do-it-yourself type of
decoration popular 150 years
ago.
Stenciled from floor to ceil
ing with a shower of eight
pointed red, green and orange
stars made from earth colors
mixed with skimmed milk, the
wall probably was executed by
- an itinerant artist. But less am
bitious designs, including frie
tes, dados, and borders around
windows and doors, were often
one by families themselves.
Wall, stenciling flourished in
the United States from 1800 to
1S50. Then, as now, wallpaper
was also popular. Its use, in
ftict, dates from years before
139 when the first colonial wall
j.aper factory was started in
Philadelphia.
The earliest papers to cross
the Atlantic came from France
and England. Although China is
sometimes credited with the
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origin of wallpaper, European
countries contributed greatly to
the art of making it.
In the 16th and 17th centuries,
paper was sought as a substitute
for the costlier tapestries, vel
vets, damasks, leathers, and
woods that covered palace walls.
When Madame de Pompadour
got wind of a famous "English
blue paper," she ordered it for
one of her dressing rooms. It
was a brocaded flock paper
made by blowing finely chop
ped colored wool onto partially
dried varnished paper.
By 1790 large paper panels
for pasting or nailing to wood-
paneled walls were the rage.
Among The most beautiful wall
papers ever made, they were
ceated by leading artists of the
day or reproduced from works
of old masters.
Next in vogue were the French
scenic papers, some of which
still are published from the old
blocks. People landscaped their
walls with the "Bay of Naples",
"The Monuments of Paris," as
well as scenes from Captain
Cook's voyages and Scott's
"Lady of the Lake." Shipped to
America, the scenics were ac
companied by a numbered chart
to ensure correct assemblage.
War News on Wallpaper
Hand-painted and block-printing,
requiring sometimes 1,000
blocks for one design, finally
gave way, in 1850, to machine-
printing. Henceforth wallpaper,
like newspapers, rolled off ro
tary presses. In fact, when news
print grew scarce during the
Civil War, 13 Mississippi and
Louisiana newspapers were pub
lished on wallpaper. Centuries
before, the paper on the beams
in the diniqg room of Christ's
College, Cambridge, had been
printed on the back of Henry
VIII's proclamation of accession.
Today's wallpaper factory,
with a block-long assembly line,
prints, dries, and cuts 10,000
rolls in one day colored in
any of 1,500 shades. Manufactur
ers, up against a host of improv
ed paints as well as the trend in
building "You can't bang
wallpaper over a picture win
dow" have added interest and
utility to their product. Modern
wallpapers resist sun, water,
flame, children. They absorb
sound and repel insects: They
mimic bricks, bamboo, cedar
paneling, whitewashed walls and
hammered metal. Some textured
types are actually made from
hemp, woven grasses, wood chips
and bark.
They come 250,000,000 rolls
in a year, in 3,000 designs, many
of them pre-cut, pre-trimmed and
pre-pasted more than half to
be hung by do-it-yourself hang
ers. -
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Murder Charge Due
In Death of Matron
Akron, Ohio (U.PJ Author
ities said they would file first
degree murder charges today
against five remorseful teen-age
girls accused of killing a deten
tion home matron during an escape.
The last of the girls, Mrs. Zel
da Decost, 16, Tunnelton, W. Va.,
was recaptured last night.
The girls were accused of ov
erpowering Mrs. Eula Bonham,
59, when she entered their dor
mitory for a routine inspection.
Police said they tied her with
belts from their dresses and
stuffed ammonia-soaked rags into
her mouth.
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