CIO Woodworkers
Announce Goals
For Vege Hib
Portland U.B L :sing
surprise at a wage a unce-
mcnt in Seattle by the AFL
Lumber and Sawmill Workers
Union, the CIO International
Woodworkers of America today
annunced its own goals for wage
negotiations next year.
The IWA said in a statement
that it would aim for a pay boost
of 12Vfe cents an hour across the
board, plus various fringe bene
fits and that it wants a contract
running to June 1, 1953, with
provisions for wage reopening.
Plywood and door manufactur
ers and the Puget Sound Dist
rict Council, AFL, announced
Saturday in Seattle that agree
ment had been reached on a for
mula for a pay increase which
would run from Dec. 1, 1955, to
April' 1, 1957. It called or a
boost of from 5 to 15 cents and
was believed to average about
8.5 cents. If all AFL locals and
associations in the Northwest
followed the pattern, some 100,
000 workers would be affected.
The IWA regional negotiating
committee met here over the
week-end. In the statement is
sued yesterday the IWA said,
"Delegates to the convention
evinced considerable surprise at
the settlement because earlier
conference reports showed the
IWA and the Lumber and Saw
mill Workers had held several
meetings this year to coordinate
negotiations of both unions with
employer groups."
Talkative Fish Fill Ocean Depths With Weird Sounds
Washington In the not-so-silent
depths of the sea, noisy
fish often make quite a din.
Some fish cackle. Others
yowl. Still others wheeze, honk,
bark, groan, or snore and oc
casionally sound like coal slid
ing down a chute or heavy
chains being dragged over a
wooden floor.
Whether fish actually "talk"
or merely make meaningless
sounds, listeners are still unsure.
But science pays increasing heed
to what can be heard in the
deep.
Ocean Bedlam
Marine biologists, lowering
their hydrophones 100 miles off
Bermuda, recorded an astound
ing cacophony of moans, bleats,
whistles and buzzes. Similar au
ditions have been made all over
the world. From the studies,
many specific fish noises have
been identified.
Schools of snapping shrimp,
by clicking their claws together,
sound much like fat frying,
twigs burning, or in large num
bers like a loud buzzing snore.
A deep booming may be the call
of groupers. A drumfish's drum
ming is more rapid, earning the
nickname "thunder pumper" for
the fresh-water drum.
Toadfish growl a low but loud
note much resembling a subdued
steamboat whistle. "Various trig
ger fishes hiss, rasp, grate, or
almost bark. The grunts, to pro
duce their distinctive sound,
gnash their teeth together.
Early in World War II, as
submarine sound detectors first
came into wide use, many a
Science Using Teamwork
To Get More Out of Money
Columbus, O. OI.R) Dr.
Clyde Williams, head of one of
the world's largest independent
re s e a r c h laboratories, says
science is using teamwork to get
more out of today's research dollar.
The president and director of
Battelle Memorial Institute here
said that the team approach per
fected in the past few decades,
is the greatest step forward yet
made in solving research prob
lems. Teamwork brings together
many different kinds of special
ists to work on a single prob
lem. Williams recalled one of his
organization's own recent pro
jects to make his point.
Thomas Edison, he said, spent
$140,000 working alone just to
develop the first carbonized
thread lamp filament and to find
the best natural fiber for it.
In contrast, Battelle chemists,
metallurgists, physicists and en
gineers, working in organized
teams, solved the complex prob
lem of breakage of oil well drill
jipe with the expenditure of
but S20,000.
The problem, he said, had cost
the industry millions of dollars
annually and was long consid
ered practically unsolvable. The
entire cost of the Battelle re
search, however, was recovered
by drilling contractors in less
depth charge was dropped on a
hapless school of . fish or even
on an occasional whale. It be
came vital to find out what
these sounds were that the sea
normally holds.
The Navy might well have
looked into its own records. In
1824 a Lieutenant John White
reported hearing underwater
sounds in the River Cambodia
(Mekong) in Cochin, China
some like notes from a deep-toned
organ, other of bells, croak
ing frogs, or the twang of a
huge harp.
Science Listens to the Sea
In more recent years, ichthy
ologists found that Lt. White
was definitely not hearing
things. Mrs. Marie Poland Fish
of the University of Rhode Is
land's marine laboratory played
underwater recordings before
the august American Associa
tion for the Advancement of
Science a presentation that
made headlines.
Experts of the naval ordnance
laboratory put together a library
of fish noises from both Atlan
tic and Pacific, after they found
their new acoustic mines were
being set off by the racket under
the seas.
Some of the noisiest ocean dis
turbers, such as drumfish and
croaker, vibrate special muscles
against air bladders. The croak
er can thus make a racket re
sembling an air hammer beating
on asphalt. Sea robins can sound
Tuesday, Nerember 22, IS5S
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUX S KWX .
like a barnyard of squawking
chickens. The hogfish simply
grunts, but the black whale
sounds like a ' cheering crowd
and the sea catfish like someone
beating on a hollow barrel.
Another scientist described
the sound of certain South Sea
fish "as if an elephant were eat
ing a wooden chest." Still an
other, measuring the noise level
of croakers in Chesapeake Bay,
compared their drumming at
sundown with the decibel level
of a two-ensine airliner.
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than one week of normal dril
ling operations.
Williams outlined the plans
which research administrators
have for increasing the efficiency
of research in a recent talk be
fore a group of investment of
ficers of life insurance com
panies. His study is scheduled
to appear in the "Battelle Tech
nical Review," a scientific journ
al circulated to American and
European scientists.
Here's how research adminis
trators expect to make research
more efficient. Williams said:
1. Find ways to help research
workers increase their produc
tivity.
2. Make research even more
effective in solving industrial
problems.
3. Decrease the time interval
between the starting of a pro
ject and its completion.
4. Eliminate a large percent
age of the projects that don't
pay off in corporate profits.
5. Solve, incidentally, critical
problems of manpower supply.
Companies sometimes find the
cost too high to set up their own
research facilities for a particu
lar problem, so they contract
with organizations such as Bat
telle to solve the problem. This
is called "contract research" and
is another recent development
to step up research efficiency.
Eliminate Deadwood
Williams said the day is past
when companies boasted that
only one in 10 or 15 of their
research projects paid off fi
nancially.
"The aim today is to eliminate,
insofar as possible, the projects
that don't pay off," he said.
Research administrators use
mathematical means to determ
ine if a project will pay off, and
they plan ahead to use only those
projects best calculated to be
successful.
Administrators don't overlook
the individual scientists them
selves, Williams said. The scien
tists are being provided with
adequate technical, clerical and
stenographic assistance.
Psychologists are called upon
to increase the efficiency of re
search scientists, too, Williams
said.
"Creativity is a capacity that
everyone has to some degree, al
though few of us ever utilize
more than a small fraction of
our latent abilities," he ex
plained.
Williams told how Battelle
tries to stimulate creativity
among its staff by holding in-
formal group meetings "merely
for letting imaginations run
wild."
Williams said public accept
ance of research "is creating
pressure for increased research
. . ." He credits the journalistic
and advertising professions with
doing "A good job of sellin
science to the general public."
Hal Krueger and Al Thompson
RCA Radios Ranges TV
237 East Main
PHONE 2-2456
We Carry Our Own Contracts
Eisenhower Planning
Family Thanksgiving
Gettysburg, Pa. (U.R)
President Eisenhower plans to
spend a "family Thanksgiving"
at his farm.
White House Press Secretary
James C. Hagerty announced to
day that the first family circle
for the traditional turkey and
trimmings dinner will include
the President and Mrs. Eisen
hower; their son, Maj. John S.
Eisenhower; his wife, Barbara,
and the three grandchildren.
Hagerty said the President was
looking forward to a quiet holi
day week end with the family.
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