The Polio Vaccine:
Friday, November 18, 1953
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE NINE
Questions, Answers
Following 1 the third in
leries of articles dealing with
questions and answers on the
Salk anti-polio vaccine. The ar
ticles were prepared by the .Na
tional Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis and released through
the Jackson county chapter.
Q. Is a dangers virus used in
preparation of the Salk vaccine?
A. All vaccines and nearly all
drugs are made from material
that is potentially dangerous, but
the materials are refined or
treated until they are not dan
gerous when given in recom
mended dosages. The Mahoney
strain of polio virus, used in the
polio vaccines, is before treat
ment with formaldehyde a vir
ulent strain. When properly in
activated for use in the vaccine,
however, it will not cause any
illness.
O. Is there more than one way
(intramuscular) to administer the
Salk vaccine?
A- Yes. The intramuscular
(into the muscle) injection was
us4 In Dr. Salk's early investl
gations and in the 1954 field
trials, with good results. Some
Use has been made of the lnier
dermal method, notably in Den
mark, but studies as to its ef
fectiveness have not yet been
completed, Inlerdermal injection
means introducing the needle be
tween layers of the skin, a diffi
cult and time-consuming proced
ure. Q. Is the National Foundation
In charge of manufacturing and
testing the vaccine?
A. No. The vaccine is made by
six pharmaceutical manufactur
ers, under standards drawn up
by the National Institutes of
Health and the United States
Public Health Service. Such gov
ernment standards also govern
the manufacture of other biolog
ical products.
Q. How are the companies who
manufacture vaccine chosen?
A. The National Foundation
offered all makers of biologicals
an opportunity to make vaccine
for the 1954 field trials. Five
chose to do so and vaccine from
two was actually used. Later,
the National Foundation made
contracts with these five and
one additional company to make
vaccine for use in 1955 if the
vaccine was licensed. These com
panies have made all the vaccine
furnished by the NFIP, and are
the only companies so far li
censed to produce Salk vaccine.
The product, however, is not
patented and may be made by
any company desiring to make
it.
Q. How is vaccine made?
A. The three known types of
polio virus are grown on cells
of monkey tissues in flasks or
bottles. The tissue culture fluids,
containing the virus, are treated
with formaldehyde to destroy
the ability of the virus to cause
disease. This treatment is called
"inactivation." The virus, how
ever, retains its ability to stinv
ulate the human body to produce
its own polio-fighting antibodies
The final vaccine consists of in
activated virus of the three types
know to cause polio.
Q. What safety tests and pro
cedures are now in effect?
A. Large samples of material
must be tested at repeated stages
during the manufacturing pro
cess both before and after the
three types of virus are mixed.
Virus may be reheated with for
maldehyde only once. A random
sampling test for live virus in
the actual bottles in which the
vaccine is shipped also must be
conducted.
Q. How are these safety tests
checked?
A. Protocols on all lots of vac
cine are submitted by the manu
facturers to the National Insti
tute of Health. Protocols are de
tailed descriptions of the manu
facture and testing of each lot of
vaccine, exceedingly long and
complex. They are a sort of diary
of the vaccine from the time
manufacturing starts until it is
completed. Markers must submit
protocols even on lots of vac
cine considered unacceptable and
not submitted for use. One re
quirement for licensing is that a
pharmaceutical concern demon
strate its ability to produce con
sistently satisfactory vaccine..
Q. How many children have
been vaccinated so far?
A. Over 8,000,000 up to July
1. including those vaccinated last
year in the field trial and almost
1,000,000 in Canada, 425,000 in
Denmark. There were 440,000
who received the vaccine in 1954
and 6,500,000 who received first
anois in isaa. inose who re
ceived second shots this year
have not yet been tabulated.
Nayy Peify Officer
Adopts German Child
Bremerhaven, Germany (U.R)
A navy petty officer who gave
up a good assignment and his
present and future leave time
to adopt a German child was
on his way home to the United
States with his family today.
Chief Aviation Machinist's
Mate Benjamin Brown of San
Isidro, Calif., his wife Joan and
their nine - month - old adopted
son, Christopher, boarded the
naval transport General Hodges
Thursday.
The Browns, childless in 10
years of marriage, spent their
time in Frankfurt going through
the adoption process. Brown used
up 67 days of leave time, includ
ing 37 days of time borrowed
from the end of his next hitch.
PLEADS INNOCENT Frank
Kovacs (above), international
ly famous pro tennis player,
goes on trial at Santa Cruz,
Cal., on a vagrancy charge in
volving an eight-year-old girl.
He pleaded innocent
Statements Continue
In Sherry Feng Trial
Portland (U.R) The third
murder trial of Sherry Fong
continued today with opening
statements from the defense and
prosecution still not completed,
Mrs. Fong is accused in the
1954 death of 16-year-old Diane
Hank, a Portland high school
girl whose body was found near
Washougal, Wash.
Circuit Judge Alfred P. Dob-
son, who recently declared a mis
trial, yesterday denied two mo
tions by Defense Attorney Irvin
Goodman to declare another mis
trial.
Dead line Sunday Classified is at
noon Saturday; 10 a.m. Monday for
Monday; other days 5:30 previous day.
AT 3T Aim's
FiSliiliF
Like finding 20.00
Strike Threatens
Ruhr Iron Industry
Dusseldorf, Germany (U.R)
Labor and management repre
sentatives worked today to avoid
the first major strike in the
vital Rhur iron and steel pro
ducing industry in 28 years.
Negotiators failed Thursday
night to settle their, differences
in a five-hour mediation session.
But union leaders representing
165,000 workers postponed until
Monday a final decision on
whether to call a strike.
Jeis To Cosl Less
Than Bus To Ride
Sacramento, Calif. (U.R) Jet
airplanes now in production will
cost less to ride than buses and
cut air freight rates by two
thirds, an aircraft executive said
today.
Carl B. Squier, vice-president
of Lockheed Aircraft Corp. said
two types of jet planes, turbo
jets and propjets, were fast ap
proaching mass production for
civilian use.
"These propjet planes will
cargo at rates about one-third of
those necessary now," Squier
said. "The aircoach planes will
have passenger-seat mile costs
lower than anything we have
today, lower even than present
bus fares."
He said orders for 190 jet and
propjet civilian planes, at a total
cost of $880,000,000, have been
placed this year. He estimated
sales would pass the $1,000,000,
000 mark by the end of the year.
Squier told the local Chamber
of Commerce meeting the planes
under 'order were the Boeing
707 turbojet, the Douglas DC8
turbojet and the Lockheed Elec
tra propjet.
He said the Boeing and Doug
las planes would carry from 100
to 140 passengers at 550 to 575
miles an hour and have a range
of 3000 miles. The Lockheed
propjet would carry 66 to 85
passengers at 410 miles an hour
for hops between 200 and 2500
miles.
Rear Admiral Richard E.
Byrd, foremost of the living ex
plorers, was first to fly over
both the North and South Poles.
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It leaves you
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o o o
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9
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SAVINGS
9.
acmti
126 E. Main
Medford
P LOAN ASSOC
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Building With
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Since 1909
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FLOOR!
O O
ALL 1955 HOTPOINT APPLIANCES Offered On SALE
To make space for 1956 Models to arrive in Decem
ber. These are aU brand new and fully guaranteed.
Your Old Appliance Could Be the Down Payment.
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An Important Message To Our Customers
READING TIME 65 SECONDS
Each year at about this time . . . you see special year-end Clearance Sales sponsored by
various good merchants in Medford. Some offer various types of clothing at special prices. G
Others advertise household goods, out of doors sports gear, garden equipment and articles for ,
the car. These Clearance Sales are necessary, because the sponsoring merchants MUST reduce
their inventories at years end for any number of good reasons. For the most part, they offer
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We, at City Appliance, are also merchants with many of the same problems as merchants
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Prices Good Until Present Supplies Are Gone o
Hotpoint Ranges Hotpoint Refrigerators Automatic Washers
' j. ! iT I
Model RB65
5 ONLY
Reg. $284.95
Sale Price $254.95
Save $30.00
OTHERS
2 ONLY
MODEL RB64
Reg. $279.95
Sale Price $234.95
Save $45.00
MODEL RC23
3 ONLY
Reg. $379.95
Sale Price $339.95
Save $40.00
Other Models as
low as $189.95
WATER HEATERS
WB52-50 Gallon
Reg. $129.95
Sale Price $109.95
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Freezer, 11.5 eu. ft.
4 ONLY
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Sale Price $399.95
Save $100.00
Other Models
25 ONLY
MODEL EB105 10.5 eu. ft.
Reg. $284.95
Sale Price $229.95
Save $55.00
Other Models as
low as $209.95
DISHWASHERS
1 ONLY
MCP22 PORTABLE
Large capacity load. Double wash
es, double rinses, dries electri
cally. Reg. $379.95.
Sale Price $299.95
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Model LH7 o
8 ONLY i
All Porcelain
Reg. $249.95
Sale Price $219.95
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MODEL LH8 DELUXE
All Porcelain
Reg. $269.95
Sale Price $249.95
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DRYERS
MODEL LB2
All Porcelain Chassis0
' 6 ONLY
Reg. $209.95
Sale Price $189.95
Save $20.00
Other Super Deluxe Models
at Sale Prices.
YES, We'll Allow Liberal Trade-ins For Your Old Appliances On
Any of the Specials
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Only two weeks left to register your name for the drawing to win a beautiful Deluxe
HOTPOINT Dryer. (No obligation to buy.)
Happy Hotpoint says:
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YAPP
ANCE,
roc
. "Jackson County's Exclusive 'HOTPOINT'. Dealer"
127 No. Central - Medford. Oregon 137 East Main - Ashland, Oregon
PHONE 3-5306
PHONE 9-5831
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