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Wednesday, October 12, 1955
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GRATEFUL TO U. S. NaVt for rescuing thousands in flood-ravaged Tampico, Mexico,
distributing food and supplies, this family expresses appreciation with huge sign painted
on roof of house. Floods swept area in wake of hurricane Janet. (International Soundpnou)
Truman Says He Learned in 1946
Potsdam Conference That Russia
Was Not in Earnest About Peace
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Washington (U.R) Former
President Harry S. Truman said
, today he learned at the 1945
Potsdam Big Three conference
that Russia's leaders then were
"pigheaded people" and "not in
earnest about peace."
In the fourth installment of
hisfmemoirs written for Life
magazine, Mr. Truman said his
personal meeting with Soviet
Marshal Josef Stalin at Potsdam
enabled me to see at first hand
what we had to face" in postwar
relations with Russia.
1 He said he decided then "that
I would not allow the Russians
any part in the control of Japan"
after VJ Day.
Devoted To Meeting
' The fourth installment of the
ex-President's memoirs, devoted
entirely to the Potsdam meet
ing with Stalin and British Prime
Ministers Winston Churchill and
Clement Attlee, also contained
these footnotes to history:
1. Mr. Truman become so "im
patient" with Stalin's obstruc
tionism and Churchill's ' "long
speeches" that "I felt like blow
ing -the roof off the palace." At
the third session of the confer
ence he got so fed up with a pro
longed British-Russian wrangle
over Yugoslavia that he told Sta
lin and Churchill "if they did not
get to the main issues, I was
going to pick up and go home."
2. In a letter to his mother and
sister Mary at the end of the
conference, Mr. Truman wrote:
"You never saw such pig-headed
people as are the Russians. I hope
I never have to hold another con
ference with them but of course
I will."
Got Renewed Pledge
3. Stalin's arrival at Potsdam
was "to get from Stalin a per
sonal reaffirmation" of Russia's
Yalta conference promise to en
ter the war against Japan. Mr.
Truman got such a renewed
pledge from Stalin "in the very
first days of the conference." But
later Soviet Foreign Minister
V. M. Molotov suggested that the
United States and Britain "ad
dress a formal request to the
Soviet government" for help
against Japan. Mr. Truman re
garded this as a "cynical" Rus
sian maneuver to grab the glory
for defeating Japan. He resolved
not to "let Russia reap the
fruits of a long and bitter and
gallant effort in which she had
no part."
5. The renewal of Russia's
promise to enter the Far East
war was "the only secret agree
ment made at Potsdam."
6. Mr. Truman found the Rus
sian leaders "relentless bargain
ers forever pressing for every
advantage to themselves." "It did
not seem possible that only a few
miles from the war-shattered seat
of Nazi power, the head of any
government would not bend
every effort to attain a real
peace. Yet I was not altogether
disillusioned to find now that
the Russians were not in earnest
about peace."
Inconclusive Arguments
Mr. Truman's day-by-day rec
ord of the Potsdam negotiations
showed that the three powers ar
gued, sometimes sharply and
nearly always inconclusively,
about Italy -and her former col
onies, Yugoslavia, the puppet
governments Russia was setting
up in Eastern Europe, Poland's
western frontier with Germany,
and control of the Dardanelles
Straits.
At the end of the conference,
they wrangled over wording of
the communique, or as Mr. Tru-
Large Vegetation Area Appears on Planet Mars
Washington A new blue-
green area on the red face of
Mars, almost the size of Texas
and believed to be living vege
tation, has produced the great
est change in Martian geography
since the planet was first map
ped 125 years ago.
The discovery is announced
by Dr. E. C. Slipher, a disting
uished astronomer and leader
of the 1954 National Geographic
Lowell Observatory Mars Expe
dition to photograph the planet
from South Africa.
Last summer, as it will again
in 1956, Mars set off a world
wide study by spinning closer
to the earth than at any time
since 1941. Results of its near
approach are gradually being
revealed by scientific scrutiny
of thousands of photographs
collected by an International
Mars Committee. Twenty thous
and photographs were made by
Dr. Slipher alone.
Unexpected Change
The new dark marking, cov
ering approximately 200,000
square miles near the great
Thoth Canal, was totally unex
pected. Never before has such
a new dark splotch appeared
except as an increase of an
existing dark area.
The remarkable transforma
tion, Dr. Slipher reports, in
dicates that the division between
Food Output Seen
As Second Highest
Washington (U.R) The total
output of food, feed and fiber
from the nation's farms for 1955
is almost certain to be the sec
ond highest on record because
of favorable crop developments
in September.
The Agriculture department's
crop reporting board said Tues
day crop developments during
the last month were favorable
for most crops "and as of Oct. 1
strongly upheld estimates of to
tal output as the second highest
on record." The record total
crop was grown in 1948.
The board said the progress
of the fall harvest has brought
"important to moderate" in
creases in production estimates
over Sept. 1 for cotton, hay,
sorghum grain, rice, peanuts and
tobacco, and "slight increases"
for corn and dry beans. Slight
decreases were estimated for soy
beans, flaxseed, potatoes, sugar
beets, sweet potatoes and hops.
man put it, "The three foreign
secretaries found that they could
not agree among themselves on
just what it was that the heads of
government' had agreed to do."
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Martian desert and dark areas
is not necessarily fixed or perm
anent; one may change to the
other at any time. It helps sup
port the conclusion that Mars
is not a dead world, that the
darkening is due to the growth
of plant life.
Biologists suggest that this
life may be akin to lichens that
grows on earth's barren rocks
and mountaintops. To learn
more, Dr. Slipher says, such
plants soon may be grown in
the laboratory under the phy
sical and chemical conditions
thought to exist on Mars.
From the photographic record
that the Mars Committee made
with special filters, cameras, and
earth's neighboring planet have
lenses, other new features of
been found. One is the existence
of faint belis or bands in the
atmosphere above the face of
Mars, less distinct than those
of Jupiter and Saturn, but in
dicating definite atmospheric
circulation.
Thin Air and Ice
Because Mars is only half
earth's size and thus has only
feeble gravity, its atmosphere
is thinner than that at the top
of Mount Everest. Very little,
if indeed any, free oxygen re
mains, and little water vapor.
Yet brilliant blue-white clouds
were seen, as well as gleaming
polar caps and great "yellow
clouds" of blowing dust. .
With filters capable of pierc
ing the violet haze of the Mar
tian atmosphere, Dr. Slipher
watched spring turn to sum
mer on the red and green planet.
The visible south polar cap
warmed and slowly shrank.
Green fringes formed along the
edge of the retreating sheet
of ice or hoarfrost.
The great blue-green areas
began to mark the orange-red
desert surface the so-called
"wave of darkness" that is the
strongest evidence that Mars is
still a living planet.
"That these dark areas are
vegetation and that the change
in color is somehow connected
with release of water from the
melting, shrinking polar icecap
is no longer seriously doubted
by most "observers," Dr Slipher
notes.
"In fact, all the various Mar
tian markings betoken that it
is a living planet, that life of
some sort exists there."
Court Records 0
POLICE COURT
A. P. Hubbard, violation of haste
rule. S10.
Samuel David Cook, following too
close. $10.
John Paul Jones, violation of basic
rule, S10.
Rachel Katherine Kneebone. disre
garding traffic light. S5.
Ole Sam Larson, violation of basic
rule. S10.
Keith Pingston, no operator's li
cense, $5: violation of basic rule, $10.
Enid Colleen Wolff, failure to stop
at red light. S3.
Commercial forest and alpine
land produces more than 80 per
cent of California's annual
streamflow.
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