e
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Is That So?
Although they lack the power
of vocalization, insects are able
instrumentalists producing
vast variety and intensity of or
chestral sounds with instru
ments stranger than any used by
ftew Year celebrants.
Just as male canaries do the
singing, so, too, the male insects
furnish most of the trilling and
chirping, while the females
listen enraptured to their
swains.
The insect orchestra is made
(vp mainly of a heavy violin sec
tion with a sprinkling here and
there of drummers, xylophone,
saxophone and o cornet players
not to overlook the hummers.
Some of the sounds are loud,
and carry far on a still night
the tones of one musician the
field cricket, can be heard a
mile away. Another sound is per
sistent: the snowy tree cricket
may repeat his call steadily dur
ing warm weather at 90 times a
minute for an hour at a stretch
In the course of one season, he
emits perhaps 4,000,000 chirps.
And no string broken.
The most talented family prob
ably is that of the crickets, of
which there are some 2,000
species. Producing their music
by friction, they are the violin
ists. On one wing they have a
membrane covered with ridges
on the other are ridges notched
like a file. By rubbing one over
the other, they produce a variety
of chirps from the screech
like sound of a bat (wood crick
et) to a shrill whistle like that
of a locomotive (cicada). But of
the lot, the most melodic is the
American katydid.
Beetles Produce Sounds
Other violinists capable of
producing such stridulatory
sounds are many beetles, several
ants and a few South American
butterflies, some of which emit
a sharp, crackling noise as they
fly.
The friction is not entirely
produced by rubbing wings, how
ever. A few grasshoppers pro-
duce their frictional sounds by
rubbing thigh against wing cov
er while one South American
cricket scrapes his hind lags over
ridged areas on each side of his
abdomen, which is greatly swol-
len and filled with air, adding
resonance.
ow
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By EUGENE BURNS
Ranger-Naturalist
One accomplished drummer of
this insect orchestra is the cicada,
or 17-year locust. Under his
wings are two membranes, round
like drumheads. These are con
trolled by tiny but powerful
muscles which press the mem-
branes in and out as we might
the bottom of a tin pan. The
resulting racket is further am
plified by a vibrating body cov
ering his exterior skeleton.
Another of the magicians is a
zylophone player the death
watch beetle which burrows into
dead and decaying wood. To at
tract another's attention, it raps
its head or jaws against the sur
face on which it is resting, pro
ducing a slight percussion sound.
Wind-Instrument Players
There are the wind-instrument
players, too. A sound which
comes close to being vocal rather
than instrumental is that of the
death's head moth. When alarmed
or molested, it utters a - shrill
squeaking not unlike the cry of
a startled mouse. This saxophone-like
sound is produced by
expulsion of air from air sacs
through the nose.
The humming of some flies
and bees is produced by a me
chanism within the breathing
holes of their bodies, roughly,
it may be likened to cornet play
ing. One instrumentalist, the house
cricket of Europe, has the knack
of shifting its wings while play
ing. Thus he seems to shift the
sound so it comes from different
directions. To instrumentation
add ventriloquism!
Most insect musicians observe
not only seasons, but also day
light hours. For that matter,
some take strict account of the
weather. As it grows warmer,
crickets chirp more rapidly.
However, should the tempera
ture rise above 100 or sink be
low 55, they refuse to chirp. As
for the grasshopper he's even
more fussy. He seldom makes a
sound when the temperature
drops below 61.
Whatever insects sing
whether mating calls or for the
sheer love of hearing their own
good music they add a cheer
ful, happy melody to the sum
mer day. That's reason enough.
(Copyright. 1955,
by Eugene Burns)
(Released by
McClude Newspaper Syndicate)
Free: By special arrangement
with the editors of the Encyclo
pedia Americana, my panel of
judges will award each week to
the reader who sends me the best
true-life nature adventure, or
the best nature observation, or
the best question on nature and
wildlife a complete 30-volume
set of this world-famous refer
ence work in a handsome Seal
craft binding. Each week new
submissions will be considered.
Sorry, I simply can't answer your
many friendly letters. Please
address your letter to: IS THAT
SO! care Medford Mail Tribune,
box 575, Sausalito, Calif.
VOTE FOR AFL
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ployees at Mongomery Ward's
Portland store have voted in a
National Labor Relations Board
election to be represented joint
ly in collective bargaining by
the AFL Retail Clerks Union
and AFL Teamsters.
Dead line Sunday Classified is at
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Today and
By Walter
CHOU'S DIPLOMACY
We are, I think, under esti
mating seriously the strength of
Chou En-lai's diplomacy when
we think of
his more con
ciliatory atti
tude as pri
marily propa
gandic. It is
true that the
hostile tune of
the Chinese
C o m m u n ist
propa g a n d a
Walter Lippmann has been
muted. But that change did not
take place until after the situa
tion in the Formosa area had
changed decisively in favor of
Peiping. The fact is that Chou
became ready and willing to ne
gotiate about the little issues,
such as the prisoners and de
tained persons, when on the cru
cial issue, he had achieved his
primary and paramount objec
tive. 1
This is the elimination of
Chiang as a contender on the
mainland the definitive renun
ciation by the United States of
its support of the reconquest of
the mainland. Chou En-laid did
not become conciliatory in order
to gain this objective. He be
came conciliatry after he had
gained it, after he was sure that
the President had over-ruled and
had put down Chiang's Amer
ican supporters.
IirHY, then, does it now serve
his purpose to be concilia
tory? Because, if I read correctly
his recent statements, he is con
vinced that time is now working
for him in Formosa, that the rest
of the way is downhill. Once the
Nationalist Chinese were de
prived of the promise, indeed of
the hope, of recovering the main
land, it could be only a matter
of time when most of them make
their peace with Peiping. It was
this spring that the final turn
against American intervention
took place in Washington, and
this was followed almost imme
diately by a change of Chou's
attitude and of the Communist
propaganda.
- We must note in this connec
tion that Chou is now taking
the position that the future of
Formosa is a question for the
Chinese to arrange among them
selves, and that the United States
is not a party to the issue and
has no right to participate in its
settlement. While we are say
ing that we will not negotiate
about Formosa and the off shore
islands unless Chiang partici
pates, - Chou is nowi telling us
that he does not wish to nego
tiate about them if we partici
pate that he wants to negotiate
directly with the Chinese on
Formosa. Chou does not admit
that the United States has any
legal standing in Formosa. It
follows, quite obviously, that
Chou expects to get Formosa by
making deals with the Chinese
in Formosa.
NOW that the President has
bottled up Chiang on the
island of Formosa, Chou's dip
lomatic position is, as I have
been saying, very strong. But
the American position is weak
er than it needs to be. It is
weaker than it would be if we
had a positive policy of our own
for the future of Formosa.
Our legal right to have a
voice about the future' of For
mosa is based on the peace treaty
with Japan, and it derives from
the fact that neither the Chinese
Nationalists or the Chinese Com
munists but the American and
Allied forces, took Formosa away
from Japan. We have promised
to restore Formosa to China.
But the Chinese government to
which we meant to restore it is
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Tomorrow
Lippmann
no longer the actual government
of China. The other Chinese
government, in Peiping is an un
friendly government, and while
it is unfriendly, we are under
no obligation to take the risks
and suffer the injuries of re
storing Formosa to that govern
ment. The weakness of our position
is that the Chinese government
in Formosa might disintegrate,
leaving us with a choice of
abandoning our rights in For
mosa or of occupying the island
with our own troops.
OUR weakness is due to the
fact that we have staked
everything in Formosa on
Chiang, and that Chiang has no
future; The best hope, I would
suppose, of protecting our in
terests in Formosa would be to
come forward with a plan to
neutralize and demilitarize For
mosa for, say, ten years, under
the United Nations. The essen
tial American interset in For
mosa is, as the President put it
in his January message, that the
island should be in "friendly
hands." This does not mean
American hands. It does not
necessarily mean Chiang's hands.
Under the U.N., Formosa would
be in friendly hands.
A ten year plan is long enough
to show China's relations with
the West and with the Soviet
Union are going to develop. It
is not too long a time to put off
the final settlement of the sov
ereignty of Formosa.
WE have had a Formosa policy
based on Chiang. In the long
run we cannot hope to deal suc
cessfully with Chou unless we
have a Formosa policy which
does not depend on Chiang
who is so vulnerable and who
cannot last forever.
There is a self-assurance and
confidence in Chou's diplomacy
which our own lacks. And that
is because Chou has a strong
policy, which permits him to be
patient because he expects to
win his end. We on the other
hand have as yet no policy to put
into effect if Chiang fails.
It seems to me that this vac
uum in our policy needs to be
filled before Mr. Chou En-lai
and Mr. Dulles meet.
Copyright, 1955,
New York Herald Tribune Inc.
Trio Overpowers
Escaping Bandit
Portland (U.R) A man
armed with a .44 caliber revol
ver was overpowered by three
witnesses to a holdup Friday
night as he waited to board a
bus to leave town.
Police identified the man as
Henry L. Williams, 34, of Port
land. He was charged with as
sault and robbery while armed,
in connection with the holdup
of the Cartwheel tavern.
Williams allegedly fired a shot
into the counter when the tavern
owner Mrs. Frances Lander ig
nored his demands for money.
Williams then fled with the con
tents of the cash register. .
Two patrons of the tavern and
a man working nearby followed
Williams to the bus depot, wait
ed until he purchased a ticket to,
Gresham, and then subdued him
until police arrived.
The three captors were Ll.yd
Ritchie, 49, Christ Maule, 49,
and Richard A. Kidd.
U. 5. Standing Firm
On China Recognition
Washington (U.R) President
Eisenhower says the United
States is standing firmly against
any change in its long-standing
policy of opposing recognition
of Red China despite current
U.S.-Communist Chinese talks in
Geneva.
He told a news conference
Thursday that the United States
has no alternative but to with
hold recognition 'as long as Red
China is branded as an aggres
sor by the United Nations." This
apparently also refers to con
tinued American opposition to
seating Communist China in the
United Nations.
A twin goal of the Peiping re
gime long has been U.S. recog
nition and a seat in the United
Nations.
NLRB Elections Set
For Portland Area
Portland U.R) National
Labor Relations Board elections
are scheduled to be held next
week at two firms in the Port
land area.
Employees of- Russell Tow
boat and Moorage company and
North Shore Boat Building com
pany vote Thursday on a propos
al by. the AFL Metal Trades
Council of Portland to become
their collective bargaining
agents.
On Friday, employees of tel
evsion station KLOR will decide
on whether to be represented by
the AFL Electrical Workers un
ion or the CIO Association of
Broadcast Employees and Technicians.
Child Dies in Fire
Grandfather in Jail
Portland (U.R) Linda Rie
derer, 7, of Portland, burned
to death in her bed Friday night
from a fire accidentally started
by her younger sister.
Police said the victim's five-year-old
sister, Cherie, accident-
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