Farmers' Income
Down 4 Per Cent
From Last Year
Washington OJ.R) Farmers
cash income in the first half of
1955 totaled $12,200,000,000,
down four per cent from last
year because of lower prices, the
Agriculture Department report
ed today.
Receipts of $7,800,000,000 from
livestock and livestock products
were seven per cent less than the
corresponding period of 1954.
Prices of hogs averaged lower,
and receipts from meat animals
were down.
Crop Receipt Higher
Crop receipts in the first six
months were $4,400,000,000, two
per cent above 1954 because of
higher average prices. Receipts
from soybeans, potatoes, and
truck crops were substantially
above last year.
Cash receipts from farm mar
ketings in June were $2,000,000,
000. This four per cent gain
over May was about the usual
seasonal increase, but the re
ceipts were four per cent below
those of June, 1954, because of
lower average prices.
In a review of the demand and
rice situation, the department
said output of farm produces
now promises to be at a new high
this year. Production of live
stock products is at a record
level and, if weather continues
favorable, crop production is ex
pected to be above last year and
thje second highest on record.
700,000 Families Live
In House Trailers
Cleveland, O. U.R) More
than 700,000 families live in
house trailers, according to the
Mobilhome Dealers National as
sociation. The association said the fam
ilies have an average annual in
come of - nearly $5,000, which
is above the national average.
It says most of the family men
are craftsmen and industrial
workers who move about the
country with their trailers to
wherever they can find the best
jobs.
SHOPPING IN LONG BEACH, CaU Miss Universe contestants (from left), Kim Mee
Chong, Miss Korea; Marlies Gessler, Miss Florida; Jean Dernago, Miss Massachusetts; and.
Keiko Takihashi, Miss Japan, look for souvenir toy animals. (International Soundphoto)
Italian Land Reform Program Half Way
Through; Benefits Already Said Shown
Editor's note: One reason the Com
munists made such headway in Italy
was necause of the lopsided distribu
tion of land. A man who was one oi
the first to push a land reform pro-
cram is now premier. Here a re
port on the program.
By ROBERT E. JACKSON
United Press Correspondent
Rome (U.R) The gentleman
farmer who started a revolution
in Italy five years ago expects
to win the payoff battle by
Christmas.
Antonio Segni, 64-year-old au
thor of the revolution which
transformed hovels into homes,
ditches into fields and Commu
nists into Democrats, hopes to
hand over the last acre under
the land reform program this
year, halfway through the 10-
year project.
It will signal a victory for
Italian democracy and a triumph
for Segni, now Italy's premier.
But distribution of the last
plot to the last peasant marks
neither the success of the pro
gram nor its end. In the next
five years the government will
help the new landowners " de
velop their property.
yourself
and measure your SAVINGS!.
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It will pump in $650,000,000
in aid and advice to the new pro
prietors. But by 1960 it is
scheduled to pull out, leaving
inexperienced farmers to go it
alone.
A generation hence the estates
so carefully carved from the rich
and given to the poor may be
"big" again. Already some farm
ers are planning to sell out to
more enterprising neighbors.
And a tendency to collective
farming has set in.
One thing is sure. The night
Mrs. Antonio Segni received a
bottle of perfume five years ago
she could not have dreamed
what her husband was starting.
The Bribe
Segni, as agriculture minister,
gave his wife the perfume to
prepare her for the news that
he was going to hand away 30
acres of their own estate in Sar
dinia. Today 1,222.337 acres have
been distributed to 93,247 fam
ilies. The government found a sim
ple method for deciding whose
land to take. Italian landowners
have a historic habit of declaring
their holdings almost worthless
to avoid taxes. The government
took their word. It expropriated
low-value land of more than 741
acres which was not cultivated
intensely. The owners were paid
with 25-year government bonds
bearing 5 per cent interest.
On the other hand the govern
need and without political dis
crimination from lists compiled
in villages where five to 15 peo
pie often lived in a single room.
The standard allotment was 15
acres.
The peasant is not given the
land. He buys it at low cost and
easy terms amounting to about
$30 a year at the outset. After
30 years, when the land is final
ly his, the peasant will have paid
about $2600 for his 15 acres.
Already it has brought about
startling results
In the Po river delta south of
Venice, from the Tower of Pisa
along the' Via Aurelia to Rome,
in the islands of Sicily and Sar
dinia, in the Italian boot's heel
and toe, rocklands and swamps
have been transformed into wav
ing grain fields, manicured or
chards and neat rows of electri
fied stone houses.
But the project does not lack
for critics. The landowners,
needless to say, never liked the
idea. With rightwing power
growing in Italy, they will fight
any extension of the program.
The Communists, their thunder
stolen, have fought the project
too and incited peasants who
did not receive land.
On the other hand, many form
er Reds have ripped up their
party cards and become Christ
ian Democrats. Whatever the
political outcome, the production
of food on these lands is up two-
thirds. In an over-populated,
ment picked beneficiaries by 1 underdeveloped country, that is
Aspirin Tablet Found
Irritant To Stomach,
British Scientists Say
Br DELOS SMITH
United Press Science Editor
New York (U.R) A years
long aspirin argument between
British and American medical
scientists has been renewed with
fresh British evidence that the
iordinary aspirin tablet is an
irritant in any stomach and is
very bad for a man or a woman
with an ulcer.
This is distressing news to
this nation, which consumes 15
tons of aspirin daily, an out
standing world's record, and
also is considered to have the
highest incidence of ulcers. But
the British scientists, Dr. A.
Muir and I. A. Cossar, were em
phatic. Their main evidence was this:
Two hours before surgically re
moving the stomachs of 20 ulcer
patients, they gave each patient
two ordinary aspirin tablets.
When they had the 20 stomachs
out, they saw fragments of the
aspirins with their naked eyes
and also saw that in 12 of the
20, the fragments had produced
erosions which are hallmarks
of an irritant.
Embedded in Stomach Lining
In one stomach, half an aspi
rin was so deeply embedded in
the mucous-producing lining
that they couldn't get it out
without damaging their speci
men. When they did get it out,
July 30 Adjournment
Of Congress Doubtful
Washington (U.R) Democratic
Leader John McCormack is
doubtful the House can adjourn
by July 30, as House leaders
hoped.
McCormack told his colleagues
that important legislation is
jammed up in the rules commit
tee behind an impasse on the
housing bill. He said he doubted
the log jam can be cleared in a
week.
But he said he still holds out
some hope for a July 30 adjourn
ment. Rep. Charles Hoeven (R-Ia.)
noted that the Reorganization act
permits Congress to stay on into
August only in an "emergency."
He wondered if the House could
sit legally since President Eisen
hower has declared that the Ko
rean emergency is ended. .
a lesion showing the features
of an acute peptic ulcer rather
than a simple erosion was
visible."
Under the microscope, the
stomachs showed erosions not
visible to the naked eye. Their
similar experiments with 40
others surgically-removed ulcer
ated stomachs supported their
argument, in their opinion. They
granted that "erosive gastritis"
sometimes goes with ulceration,
but the erosions they were talk
ing about "were obviously the
result of the local irritant ac
tion of aspirin."
They also said that 15 other
patients who suffered contin
ually from indigestion and who
were "habitual aspirin takers
. . . were cured of their dyspep
siya by its withdrawal." As for
ulcer patients, they found that
110 out of 318 "were well aware
that aspirin could be taken only
at the risk of a bout of dyspep
sia." Care Needed
The British Medical Journal
published their report and com
mented editorially that "the
earlier work of British scientists
has been confirmed, and care is
evidently needed in the admin
istration of aspirin."
Since 1938, British medical
scientists have been indicting
aspirin as a stomach irritant.
The journal ackniwledged a
"discrepancy" between British
and American studies of what
aspirin does to the stomach
the American view is that it
does nothing. The journal said
this discrepancy was "more ap
parent than real" because the
American scientists had looked
at the wrong places in the
stomach,
Crop Yields Improved by
Adding Sodium To Soil
Chicago (U.R) The yield
and quality of numerous crops
can be improved by adding sod
ium to the soil, according to Dr.
Walter P. Mortensen.
Yield increases due to sodium
were found in sugar beets, oats,
barley and, wheat. Other investi
gations . reported showed . in
creases in yield due to sodium
for table beets, celery, flat tur
nips, radishes, rutabaga, buck
wheat, rye, millet, hay crop, cab
bage, mangels, onions, carrots
potatoes, mangel-wurzels, let
tuce and chicory. "
Poor Honey Crop Puts
Bee's Diet in Danger
Ithaca, N.Y. (U.R) New
York state's bee population is in
danger of starvation this spring.
Entomologists at Cornell university-say
the threat of starva
tion is a result of a poor honey
crop caused by storms and ex
tended periods of wet weather
in January and early in Febru
ary. The experts suggest that bee
keepers set up two or three
pounds of dry granulated sugar
on the inner hive cover. This is
called winter feeding and keeps
the bees from starving.
Hindus plant basil around
their homes and temples 4q in
sure happiness. '
Friday, July 22, 1955
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE THRES
Hearing on John Day Dam Financing Slated
John Day, Ore. (U.R) A
House public works subcommit
tee will hold a hearing next
Tuesday on a bill for construc
tion of John Day dam under
financing from advance sales of
power.
The hearing was announced in
Washington, D.C., today by Re
publican Congressman Sam Coon
or Oregon, sponsor of the legis
lation. The proposed $310,000,000
dam would be located on the
Columbia river at the Oregon
Washington border. It is author
ized for federal construction by
the Army Corps of Engineers,
but under Coon's bill, private
and public agencies would be
invited to put up money for its
construction in return for con
tracts for power delivery.
Washington (U.R) The United
States and Venezuela have
signed an agreement covering
research in the peaceful uses
of atomic energy. Under the
terms of the agreement, the
United States will help Venezue
la obtain an atomic reactor.
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o
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