EIGHT MEIJFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE
Wednesday, June 22, I95S
National Public Debt
Soars Near Peak at
End of World War
By LYLE C. WILSON
United Press Ceiresoondent
Washington (U.R) In the 10th
year of what passes for peace,
the United States public debt
has soared close to the high
reached, with World War II
spending.
War spending boosted the na
tional debt to a peak of $277,
912,000,000 on Feb. 28, 1946.
That was 10 months after the
shooting actually stopped. It
took that long to reverse the
spending trend.
Treasury figures for the first
11 months of the fiscal year
1955 show the public debt as of
May 31 to have been SZ77,uua,
000,000. This figure will have
been considerably reduced when
the fiscal year ends next week
on June 30.
Even so, the budget success
fullv has resisted Republican ef
forts to bring it into balance
and is likelv to do so through
out President Eisenhower's term
of office.
When the books close next
week the Treasury will be in
the red for the 12-month fiscal
period by about $4,504,000,000.
The deficit estimate for the next
fiscal year is $2,408,000,000.
McCarthy Concedes
Senate Won't Pass
Big 4 Restriction
Washington (U.R) Sen. Jo
seph R. McCarthy conceded to
day that the Senate will not pass
his resolution demanding that
the United States insist on dis
cussing Soviet satellites at the
coming Big Four conference.
But McCarthy said he might
offer the Senate a substitute.
Democratic leaders were de
termined to defeat McCarthy as
decisively as possible. They
were confident they had an ov
erwhelming number of votes
when his resolution was called
up for Senate debate today.
Proposal Slapped Down
The Senate Foreign Relations
committee Tuesday night slap
ped down McCarthy's proposal
by voting 14-0 to recommend
that the Senate defeat it. But
McCarthy promised a floor fight.
Senate Democratic Leader
Lyndon B. Johnson (Tex.), who
played a big personal role in
forcing immediate action on the
Wisconsin Republican's contro
versial proposal, denounced it
as a damaging blow at President
Eisenhower on the eve of the
Big Four conference.
Johnson said it was import
ant for the entire Senate to act
on the proposal as soon as pos
sible. The foreign relations group
disapproved the resolution after
rejecting 8-7 a Republican move
to table it and thus bottle it
up in the committee. The vote
was along straight party lines.
Hoover Opposed Bill
The voting came in a two-hour
closed door session after an open
hearing in which Undersecre
tary of State Herbert Hoover
Jr., urged that the resolution
be rejected.
Hoover assured the committee
that in all preliminary talks
about the Big Four so far "it
has been agreed that each of the
participants would be free to
take up any subject which it be
lieved to be a contributory cause
of world tensions."
McCarthy, however, said it is
important to let the enslaved
peoples of the Iron Curtain
countries know that the United
States is not "giving them up"
at the Geneva conference.
It is likely that Mr. Eisenhow
er will end his present White
House term with an average def
icit of about 55,000,000,000 or
more for each of the four years.
Republicans did considerably
better than that when they con
trolled Congress, but were shut
out of the White House. That
was during the 80th Congress
which President Truman called
the worst ever.
The Republican-controlled
House and Senate in the 80th
clipped spending from $60,000,-
000,000 to $39,000,000,000 and
then to $33,000,000,000 to
achieve budget surpluses in fis
cal years 1947 and 1948.
Mr. Truman led Democrats
to a surprise triumph in the
1948 elections and spending in
that fiscal year jumped nearly
$7,000,000,000 over the previous
year's figure. The hot war in
Korea and the cold war world
wide have required a high rate
of defense spending, although
not as Tiigh as the Democrats
believe to be necessary . Mr,
Eisenhower, however, has turn
ed the spending level down. The
figure will be around $63,000,'
000,000 for the fiscal year now
ending against nearly $68,000,
000,000 last year.
Not Much Promise
There is not much promise of
tax relief in such Treasury fig
ures. But 1956 is an election
year. It is not unlikely that Con
gress will pass and Mr. Eisen
hower sign a 1956 tax cut.
There won't be any 1956 tax
cuts comparable to the happy
days after World War I. Andrew
.W Mellon was being hailed then
as the greatest Treasury secre
tary since Hamilton. Income tax
es steadily were trimmed. A
man making approximately $100
a week could settle his income
tax for about $15. And at the
same time Mellon was paying
off three-fifths of the national
debt in a bit over eight years.
The debt has grown to $26,348,-
000,000 in World War I and Mel
lon regarded that as far too
great. It had been a mere $1,
023,000,000 the week before the
United States started out to hang
the Kaiser in April, 1917.
Hearing Slated on
Natural Gas Import
Washington (U.R) The Fed
eral Power commission today
announced hearings beginning
here July 18 on proposals of Pa
cific Northwest .Pipeline Corp.
of Houston, Tex., to import up
to 300,000,000 cubic feet of na
tural gas daily from Canada for
Pacific Northwest states.
The proposals also ask author
ity to export gas for use in the
Vancouver and Trail areas of
British Columbia.
The FPC in June, 1945, au
thorized Pacific Northwest to
construct a $160,000,000 pipe
line system to transport natural
gas from the San Juan basin in
New Mexico and Colorado, and
from other fields along the
route, to areas in Colorado, Utah,
Wyoming. Idaho, Oregon and
Washington.
In the new application, Pad
fic would extend its system into
northern Idaho and Washington,
Total estimated cost of the proj
ect, including facilities previous
ly authorized, would be $175,-493,166.
f ' - 4
OPTIMISTIC BUT CONSERVATIVE Former Prime Min
ister Sir Winston Churchill inspects an honor guard of
pikemen on his arrival at Guildhall in London for the un
veiling of a bronze statue of himself. He told those as
sembled that he is optimistic for the future but warned
the free world not to expect too much of the coming talks
at the "summit" with Russia.
Survey Reveals 1,500,000
Americans Have Given Up
Smoking in Past 18 Months
Washington (U.R) About
1,500,000 Americans have quit
smoking in the past 18 months,
the U. S. Public Health Service
estimated today.
This was more than double
the number who dropped cigar
ets in the previous 12 months.
The health service made no
comment on reasons for the de
cline in smoking. But it said
the figures "will be of value" to
the National Cancer Institute
and other agencies studying
"whether or not lung cancer is
related to cigarette smoking."
New Report Promised
The health service arrived at
its estimate on the basis of a
"representative sample" of about
40,000 persons queried about
their smoking habits by the Cen
sus Bureau. Another report was
promised in a few month with
"more detailed findings."
The Census Bureau surveyed
men and women over 17 in 230
urban areas located in about 450
counties across the nation.
The health service estimated
the number of Americans still
using cigarettes at 38,000,000.
This includes 25,000,000 men and
13,000,000 women.
The survey said this means
about half the men and about a
quarter' of the women in' the
United States smoke.
More Men Quilling
It said that of the 1,500,000
persons quitting about two thirds
were men and one third women.
The service said 600,000 per
sons dropped the cigarette habit
in a previous 12-month survey.
If that rate had continued with
out increase, only 900,000 would
have stopped smoking in the 18
month period covered in the lat
est survey.
The health service said that
among the men still smoking
about 4.000,000 use less ' than
half a pack a day while 500,000
smoke more than two packs a
day. The vast majority -smoke
between 10 and 20 cigarettes a
day. About 2,000,000 smoke only
occasionally.
Enrollment at SOC
Indication of Growth
Ashland Continued signs of
growth at Southern Oregon col
lege have been seen in enroll
ment reports for the current
summer session, Registrar Ma
bel W. Winston has reported.
Total enrollment at the end of
the first week of summer ses
sion totalled 506 students, as
compared with 484 students at
the similar date last year. Dur
ing the summer women outnum
ber men by more than two to
one, with an enrollment of 342
women and 164 men.
Gains in enrollment were re
flected at all levels, with the
bulk of the enrollment being in
elementary teacher education
courses. Some 94 students are
attending SOC for the first time
this summer, with 82 of them
being transfers from other col
leges and universities.
Laboratory Experiments With Plastics
Give High Hope of Answers About Cancer
By DELOS SMITH
United Press Science Editor
New York U.R) Because
plastics are "rather" inert chem
ically and won't dissolve in "wa
tery systems" (animal bodies are
such systems) it is very hard for
Dr. B. S. Oppenheimer to under
stand how in the world they can
cause cancers.
Yet in his laboratories at the
College of Physicians and Sur
geons, Columbia university, he
and his associates have been
producing cancers in scores of
rats by imbedding plastic films
in their bodies.
Before reading any further,
the reader must understand that
there isn't even a scientific sus
picion that plastics cause cancer
in human beings. Human-beings
handle plastics and even wear
plastics (in the form of textiles)
constantly but don't have them
imbedded in their bodies.
But Dr. Oppenheimer's rats
are objects of intense scientific
curiosity. What happened to
them, shouldn't have. There's a
good chance that he's going to
find out how it happens, and
then there will be light on the
now obscure chemical begin
nings of cancers. That would be
no small triumph for scientific
research, and a triumph spark
ling with promise for human
welfare.
Using Film
In his newest report to fellow
scientists in the Technical Jour
nal, 'Cancer Research, Dr. Op
penheimer revealed that he has
not experienced with films of
just about all the polymer plas
tics including those used to make
textiles and found that all of
them induced cancers when im
bedded in rats.
There was a very long "latent
period," amounting to half and
more than half the normal life
of the animal. Naturally, he and
his colleagues first suspected
that irritation alone might be
the cancer-causer.
So they embedded all sorts of
non-plastic materials into rats,
such as wood, mica, paraffin,
cotton, glass cloth and metal
foils. These produced no can
cers. The scientists also suspect
ed impurities or incidental sub
stances in the plastics; but this
suspicion also checked out with
blanks. .
Radio Isotopes
By "tagging" polymer mole
cules with radioactive isotopes,
they demonstrated that inert
plastics after a very long period
George Sack Given
Additional Time
Portland (U.R) GeorgeF.
Sack, who was sentenced to die
in the state gas chamber last
December for the murder of his
wife, Goldie, has won more time
to file a bill of exceptions.
Circuit Judge Frank J. Loner
gan granted a week's extension
yesterday because of the absence
of a court stenographer who
must sign the official transcript
of that portion of the murder
trial recorded by him.
for the rat began to break down
from high molecular weights to
low molecular weights and the
"degraded" chemical substances
then were able to take part in
the chemical interchanges and
transformations which are the
unceasing and complicated goings-on
inside any animal body.
Dr. Oppenheimer thought this
was "very important." These de
gradation products while harm
less in themselves, may be cancer-causing
through inter-actions
with normal chemical products
of the body metabolism. Or de
gradation may set up "reactive
centers" within the plastic films
which then give off substances
that influence the metabolism of
neighboring body cells.
He and his associates now are
working on the question of just
what in the way of degradation
products and just how they react
and inter - act. Therein is the
high hope for some meaningful
cancer answer. "
MODERN KIDS
Paterson, N. J. (U.R) Mrs.
Douglas Gillespie, Sunday school
teacher at Eastside Terrace
Methodist Church, reported that
when she asked her class to
draw their 'impressions of the
story of JCing David, six of the
youngsters drew Davy Crockett
coonskin caps.
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EXCLUSIVE STORY
Dallas, Tex. U.R) : Gordon
Sanders, news director of radio
station KGKO was at work Tues
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