SIX MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE
First Trans-Atlantic Phone
Cable Due Late Next Year
New Yoik (U.R; The first
trans-Atlantic telephone cable
i', row being constructed and
its installation should be com
pleted next year. It is scheduled
to be in operation by Christmas,
1656.
The aim is trans-Atlantic tel
ephone calls of clear and con
stant quality, instead of the
present "hit-or-miss" system de
pendent on good radio condi
tions. More than twice as many
timultaneous conversations will
be possible under the new sys
tem, i
Keed for the cable is evi
denced by tne increasing traffic.
In 1927 there were only 2,000
calls: in 1951 there were nearly
100.000.
The new communicationa sys
1cm is a cooperative project of
Britain'! General Post Office,
the American Telephone and
Telegraph Co. and the Canadian
Overseas Telecommunications
Corp. It will provide 36 tele
phone circuits between Oban,
Scotland, and Clarenville, Nfd.,
with Sydney Mines as the termi
nal on the Canadian maimand.
It will require the laying of
two undersea cables, each 1,950
fnsutical) miles long, and of a
335-mile single cable, part on
land and part under water. One
hundred and eighteen repeaters,
or boosters, containing 300
valves and 6,000 other electri
cal components, will amplify the
sound at regular stages along
the route so the voice will be as
clear at the outcoming as at the
ingoing end.
Costs Divided
The discovery by Imperial
Chemical Industries in 1933 of
a substance named polythene,
frd the application of this as
an Insulant, helped pave the
way. Polythene has certain ad
vantages over gutta percha and
paragutta. formerly used -to in
sulate submarine cables, and is
considered to be ideal for this
purpose.
The cable now being made
will use 1.400 tons of polythene.
It also will require, for its 1,-950-mile
length, some 2,700 tons
of copper. 11,000 tons of steel
wire. 1,800 tons oi jute yarn,
end 2.4 million yards of cotton
cloth.
Britain will pay 41 per cent
cf the cost of the $35,000,000
project, the United States 50
per cent and Canada 9 per cent.
The cabla will weigh three
tons per nautical mile, and must
be sufficiently strong and flexi
ble to withstand pressure of up
to three tons per square inch,
and the pounding of breakers at
the short line.
Plant Built on Thamtf
To construct such a cable, a
rew five-acre plant had to be
built In England on the Thames
at Erith. It will employ over
200 technicians and workers,
and will be capable of produc
ing 4,000 miles of cable a year.
The present contract, which
is for the greater part of the
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Scotland - Newfoundland trans
Atlantic stretch, is worth $14,
000,000. Another problem that had to
be solved before the telephone
hook-up could be planned was
the development of suitable
boosters to amplify the sound
at regular intervals along the
! line.
Here, the partnership between
the United Slates and Britain
proved its value. The British,
who had experimented for years
with co-axial cables and had laid
them successfully between the
Isle of Man and Anglesey and
across the North Sea to Norway,
had concentrated on shallow
wcter repeaters.
Only One Ship
These had the advantage of
being large enough to carry
two-way speech transmitters but
the disadvantage of being
housed in large, rigid steel con
tainers. The Americans, on the other
hand, had turned their energies
to the development of deep
water repeater housings, and
Bell Telephone laboratories had
evolved and laid between the
United States and Havana cables
with boosters housed in an in
genious type of flexible con
tainer resembling a steel snake,
which may be coiled inside
storage tank drums.
At shore ends, and on the
shorter, shallower stretch be-
! tween Newfoundland and Can
ada, the British repeaters are to
he used; elsewhere, the Ameri
can type. A voltage of about 3,
900 volts will be required to
feed the boosters on the main
crossing.
There is only one ship in the
world capable of laying such a
length of cable, HMS Monarch,
the "General Post Office's cable
layer. Even this vessel has had
to have the bow and stern
sheaves enlarged for the job to
a diameter of seven feet.
Single Operation
The whole of the first 1,500
mile deep-water section will
have to be laid in a single opera
tion without pause, for the
cable may buckle if the cable
ship has to stop during the lay
ing. For this reason it must be
done in summer, when a two
week stretch of consecutively
good weather is a possibility.
The first cable will, therefore,
be laid this coming summer; the
second in the summer of 1956.
Rancher Surprised By
Finding Watch in Cow
Wilcox, Aiz. (U.R) Ranch
hand Lencho Hurtado said he
got quite a jolt while butchering
cattle on a ranch near here.
A watch that had disappeared
last week when cattle had muti
lated a jacked hed left on a
fence post turned up between
the lungs of one of the animals
he was butchering. He said it
was still running, and right on
time.
We'll
ON THE AUTOMATIC
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the "maclc brain"
portable
at our store Wednesday
31st. to show you these
Blocks Out West Main
Tuesday. MarA 29, 19SS
SWIMMING ONTO BEACH In
suicide, Uttering half-mile stretch of rocky shore with carcasses. Mystery of why huge mam
mals decided to end lives puzzles scientists as residents debate removal problem. (International)
Penologist To talk
Ashland Kenyon J. Scudder,
superintendent of the Califor
nia Institution for Men at Chino,
Calif., will speak at a Southern
Oregon college assembly tomor
row at 10 a.m.
"Prisoners are People" will be
the title of his talk, which is
open to the public. He is an
authority on experiments in
changing the manner in which
convicted prisoners have been
imprisoned, which started in
1940 at Chino.
The noted criminologist has
told the story of the prison with
out bars in his book, "Prisoners
Are People." Chino is what is
called a minimum-security insti
tution. No one is looked up;
guards carry neither guns nor
billy-clubs. Inmates are treated
as ordinary human beings who
have made a mistake. Each
prisoner is given a great deal of
trust and responsibility.
His family is permitted to
visit him and picnic with him
on Sundays. Each inmate must
make up his own mind whether
to try to escape from this open
Westray Bay, Orkney Islands, a herd
For SOC Assembly
institution.
Others have said that it is a
tribute to Scudder's wise leader
ship that in the 15 years of its
existence with about 14.000
inmates during that period
there have been only two cases
of violence. Chino has been the
subject of study of penologists
from many countries.
UAW Convenes; Plans
Wage Guarantee Fight
Cleveland, O. OJ.R) The CIO
United Auto Workers union
opened the business sessions of
its 15th constitutional conven
tion Monday, prepared to ap
prove a $25,000,000 strike fund
to support demands of the auto
industry for a guaranteed an
nual wage.
Secretary-Treasurer Emil Ma
zey, in a report prepared for de
livery to the 3,000 delegates, said
the fund was necessary "in order
to minimize possible sacrifice on
the part of members who may
be engaged in economic struggles."
S SUPREME
of 63 whales commits mass
Multiple Sclerosis
Organism Isolated
Philadelphia (U.R) The isola
tion of an organism believed to
be the cause of multiple sclero
sis has "been reported by a Rus
sian - born woman research
worker.
Rose Ichelson, director of re
search on the disease at St.
Luke's and Children Medical
Center, said she had succeeded
for the first time in growing and
propagating an organism identi
fied as spirocheta myelophthera.
Miss Ichelson, graduate of the
bacteriological institute of Pol
tava, Russia, said she believed
her work will provide a definite
means of diagnosing the disease.
However, Miss Ichelson said it
will not be used as. a basis for
treatment at present.
Almost one-third of the entire
labor force of the U.S. is com
posed of women, according to
Department of Labor studies.
The ratio has been increasing
steadily over the years.
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Oregon's 'Maverick1 History
In Politics Cited by Speaker
By OLIVE STARCHER
Mail Tribune Society Editor
Salem Oregonians should not
have been surprised at the elec
tion of Sen. Richard Neuberger,
for the state has a history of
political "maverickism," Robert
H. Schulman, chief of the north
west bureau of Time, Life and
Fortune at Seattle told mem
bers of the Oregon Presswomen
at a spring workshop meeting
here last week end.
After coordinating material
for Time's recent article on the
two Oregon senators, Schulman
said he better understood why
Neuberger had been elected, and
that it followed the pattern of
political history in Oregon. He
cited several instances to prove
that' politics in Oregon are sel
dom "as usual."
Schulman said writers for
news magazines operate under
a different set of concepts than
those on daily papers, and that
"group reporting" produces a
"distillation" from the "cream of
the news crop."
Schulman told how extensive
is the bapkground work and ma
terial needed on such lead ar
ticles as the Neuberger-Morse
story, and mode some "off the
record" comments on the ad
verse editorial reaction to the
story which appeared in Oregon
papers. Public reaction on the
article ran about 50-50 he told a
reporter later, with half of those
who wrote in blasting Time for
having given so much space to
two such political figures, and
the other half saying "thanks
for the story but how could you
be so snide."
Schulman praised Editor
Charles A. Sprague of the Salem
Statesman, saying "he is one
of the most sagacious editors in
the country"; and also had kind
words for Frances Blakely, fea
ture writer for the Oregon Jour
nal, and Wilma Morrison, educa
tion editor of the Oregonian.
Commenting on' other west
erners in the news he repeated
a remark which Interior Secre
tary Douglas McKay had made
in Alaska about Alaskans and
then added that while many
people think Mrs. McKay just
bakes cakes, "make no mistake
about the role played by Mrs.
McKay in the secretary's politi
cal life."
What's the
biggest difference
in today's .
gasolines'?
. i
STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA
State Sen. Mark Hatfield told
the women at noon that instead
of setting up a board of censor
ship to decide what type of mag
azines and comic books could
be sold in Oregon, perhaps a tax
should be levied on the sale of
comic books and the money used
to put educational programs on
television.
Such a censorship board has
been proposed in a bill intro
duced during the current session
of . the legislature, but Hatfield
reminded his audience that Ore
gon already has a law which, if
public sentiment would help
to enforce, is adequate to pre
vent the sale of lewd literature.
Discusses Libel Bill
The senator also discussed a
bill which would protect pub
lishers against unscrupulous
libel suits, measures which
would force all state bureaus
and commissions to hold open
meetings, and a bill outlawing
advertising by the chiropodist
profession.
The senator said that the last
bill goes deeper than it appears,
and added, "What distresses me
is the growing tendency on the
part of professions to belittle
advertising as an evil by sug
gesting it is beneath the dignity
of a given profession. We may
be going from the closed shop
in labor organizations to the
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Alarm Increases Car's
Gasoline. Mileage
Portland (U.P1 Richard J.
Andrus of Portland told police
he had designed a device to in
crease the gasoline rryleage of
his car.
Andrus said his mileage had
more than doubled since he
rigged up a warning system con
nected with his gas tank that
sets off an alarm in his house.
closed mouth in advertising by
professonal groups as they at
tempt to restrict freedom of ex
pression." The senator also made refer
ence to professional men who
"abuse the legislative processes
by attempting to get the legisla
tors to do for them what the
profession should do for itself."
The whole
story off he.
Leopold-loeb
murder
Here, with Nathantto
pold's co-operation, is the
full stcry of the famous
"thrill killing" - and its
grim 30-year aftermath.
Both Leopold and Loeb were
found guilty of a sadistic murder
after one of the most sensational
trials of the century.
Loeb was murdered in prison.
But Leopold still hopes for free- .
dom. This is the story of hi
life, his career n n prisoner and
his efforts to atone for his crime.
Author John Bartlow Martin
had the full, co-operation of
Leopold's family and of Leo
pold himself. The result is one
of the frankest stories of crime
and prison life ever printed. Be
sure to read Murder oh -His Con
science by John Bartlow Martin.
And don't miss Cameron Shlpp's
revaallng closa-up of Judy Car
land "Tha Star Who Thinks No
body Lovea Her."''
Out today on ill newsstands
A CURTIS MAGAZlNftj
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