MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE FIVE
mm M Fire
Tueidav, February 1, 1955
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All Efforts, First
Slatted in 1945,
'Termed Failures
(Editor's Note: For nearly 10 years,
efforts have been made to obtain a
vorlble ceasefire between the Chi
. Jiese Nationalists and the Reds. In
most of these attempts the United
States played a prominent role. All,
however, failed. United Psess Vice
President for Asia Earnest Hoberecht
traces the history of these attempt to
. restore peace to China in the follow
ing dispatch.)
By EARNEST HpBERECHT
United Press Correspondent
' Taipeh, Formosa U.PJ The
idea of a ceasefire in the China
: war is not new.
Efforts to work out a cease
fire began as far back in 1945.
AH failed.
High American officials here,
who have studied the situation
and who are familiar with the
actual facts in the case, are not
optimistic about the chances
now.
The Chinese Nationalists are
strongly opposed to any such
arrangement. So are the Chinese
. Communists.
. The Nationalists feel a cease
' .'fire might prevent them from en
deavoring to accomplish their
aim of getting back to the main
land. Communists Blamed , 1
The Communists say they are
opposed because they are de
termined to carry out their plans
. to capture Formosa.
Failure of ceasefire efforts in
the past generally has been due
to the attitude and actions of the
Communists. '
' " In August of 1945, immediate
ly after the Japanese offered to
'surrender, Generalissimo Chiang
:Kai-shek invited Mao Tse-tung to
visit him in Cungking.
i.ne communists then were
jvery weak. The Nationalist gov
ernment extended the olive
" branch- in an effort to unite
wmna and begin postwar re-
; construction work.
-v By Oct. 6, 1945, some progress
had been made. On that date
: a. joint Chiang-Mao declaration
announced that agreement had
been reached. There were still
.some remaining problems,, it
. was admitted, but these were to
be settled by a political consulta
tive conference. "
. Before the end of the month,
the Communists had rejected the
.Nationalist's compromise offer
and had launched an aggressive
attack. Fighting spread to pro
vinces. Gain New Strength
By this time the military
strength of the Communists had
been greatly increased. The Rus
sians had turned over to the
Reds large numbers of guns and
great quantities of ammunition
taken from the surrendering
Japanese forces.
, In December, 1945, Gen.
George C. Marshall, U. S. special
envoy, arrived in Chungking
and began his ill-fated efforts
:to arrange a cease: fire.
. The Communists, on Jan. 10,
1946, agreed "in principle" that
hostilities should cease, but con
tinued their, military operations
in violation of the agreement.
? The Communists blamed Gen
Marshall for failure of the truce
Aggression Continues
On Jan. 29, 1947, the U. S.
. State Department announced the
abandonment of American ef-
tforts to mediate between the
fully Aged
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AEC Asked To Take
Dixon-Yates Vole
Washington (U.R) Sen. Al
bert Gore ((D-Tenn.) demanded
today that the Atomic Energy
Commission take a. new. "formal
vote" on whether to commit it
self to the Dixon-Yates power
contract.
jThe commission already has
signed the controversial agree
ment, but it has not yet gone
into effect.
Gore told AEC Chairman
Lewis L. Strauss in a telegram
that: another vote should be
taken in view of last week's
recommendation , by the . Con
gressional Atomic Energy Com
mittee that the contract be can
celled. . , ' ,
The committee made its rec
ommendation on strictly party
lines. Ten Democratic members
supported it and eight Repub
licans opposed it.
Gore, a committee member
and a leading opponent of Dixon
Yates made his demand as the
committee scheduled another
hearing this afternoon on the
industrial application of atomic
energy. '
Chinese government ' and the
Communists.' t
The next day Communist
spokesman Wang Ping-nami an
nounced the decision of the
Reds, to impose their political
demands on the government by
"force of arms." '"'
Throughout 1947, the Com
munists continued to reject all
Nationalist, peace and ceasefire
offers, and continued their mili
tary aggression.
In 1949, the Chinese National
ist government filed a cfimplaint
in the U4 S. . General Assembly
against Russia, accusing the
USSR ofi aiding the Chinese
Communists in the Civil war and
violating: the Sino-Soviet treaty
of 1945 and the charter of the
United Nations.
New Year's Message
On Oct. 1, 1949, the Commun
ists set up their regime in Peir
ing under the leadership of Mao
Tse-tung. v
On Jan. 1,- 1950, in a New
Year message, Chiang said:
"I solemnly swear that as long
as Soviet aggressors occupy, one
inch of our territory and as long
as I am alive," I will never stop
fighting."
American sources here said
cease fire suggestions came up
again only in October of 1954.
At that time, when the Com
munists were shelling the island
of Quemoy, the Americans
sounded out , the Nationalists
once more. .
"Ideas were .exchanged," a
high official said. "Nq agreement
was sought or reached at that
time." ., .
BUENOS AIRES RELIEVED
Buenos Aires (U.R)-Townspeople
and nearby' farmers,
plagued by drought, and exces
sive heat, got sudden relief Mon
day when , the temperature
dropped from 93 to 70. A sum
mer storm " also . dumped . two
inches of rain on the area, i
WEATHER By United Press
Northern California: Clearing
except ior a little rain - near
Oregon border; generally fair
and colder tonight.
0 .
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i$ 1 j.ix i -
BABY, IT'S COLD OUTSIDE Ten below zero is cold
enough for this policeman who has been on Chicago's
North Michigan-av beat for 20 years and still won't wear
ear muffs. Standing outside in subzero weather, the chilled
cop is envious of this mannequin, a slightly dressed young
lady depicting beach scene somewhere other than Chicago.
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No Appeasement Call
Cease Fire Resolution
; Washington U.R) -r- Demands
for "no appeasement", provisos
threatened today to snag a Sen
ate resolution supporting -TJ.N.
efforts for a cease firt in .the
Far East.
Chairman Walter F. George
(D.-Ga.) said his Senate Foreign
Relation's committee might con
sider the resolution today.- How
ever, ! he: added, developments
might make it advisable to take
no action- during the current
U.N. cease-fire discussions.
Sen. : Hubert H. - Humphrey
(D.-Minn.) introduced the resolu
tion last Friday as a follow-up
to the administration resolution
giving President Eisenhower
blank check power to fight the
Chinese Communists, if neces
sary, to defend Formosa and the
Pescadores. '.
The Humplrey resolution and
the eight-nation Mutual Defense
Treaty for Southeast Asia kept
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NO CARRYING CHARGES OR INTEREST
Senate attention focused on the
Far East even after the admin
istration resolution was passed.
Senate debate on. the treaty was
scheduled to start this after
noon. ,
, Humphrey's resolution con
tained a simple endorsement of
the U.N. cease fire efforts which
already carry the blessing of the
Eisenhower administration. . .
It was understood that Senate
Republican Leader William F.
Knowlarid was unwilling to let'
the resolution go through with
out trying to attach amendments
declaring against appeasement
of Communist China.-.
Knowland said, last week end
that it would be appeasement to
trade away Chinese Nationalist
held islands near the. Communist-held
mainland as part of the
price for a cease" fire agreement.
Those disputed islands figur
ed prominently in ' the Senate
(SC0O wswS"
Threatens
in Senate
debate over the fight-if-rieces-sary
resolution. Some senators
believed that the administration
wanted them for bargaining use
and hence opposed proposals to
exclude them from the Formosa
defense zone. .
George told a reporter that
the State department had no ob
jection to the Humphrey reso
lution. -- . --
He indicated a belief, how
ever, that the Senate might rock
the boat if - it debated amend
ments dealing with cease fire
terms while the U.N. Securtiy
council discussed the same ques
tions.. . - . . .
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