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Is That So?
y Eugena Burnt
Ranger-Naturalist
: EVER WONDERED what one
tipt those giant prehistoric mam
mals truly looked like not the
stuffed, papier-mache jobs in a
.museum? One whose insides are
there, whose bones are covered
"'with meat and fat, and is wear-
ing his. honest-to-goodness birth-
er
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day suit of natural fur? And,
what he ate?
If so, wonder no more. Such
prehistoric mammals have been
and are being found.
Mammoth hairy elephants, last
seen on earth 15,000 years ago,
have been found intact, hide,
meat and bones preserved in that
great natural deep-freeze unit,
the frozen Arctic wasteland of
Siberia where for some myster
ious reason these great animals
made their last stand.
Part of Man's History
: This most recently - extinct
member of the elephant family
roamed the earth perhaps a half
million years ago. But yet, it is
a part of human history primi
tive man hunted it. Pictures of
this hairy mammoth are found in
hunter's caves and 'a fragment
of a mammoth tusk has been
found in France on which some
early hunter had , scratched a
rough but unmistakable outline
of the tusk's owner.
The first perfectly preserved
head of the hairy mammoth, a
super-elephant, was found in
1707 in Siberia. Subsequently
many others have been found,
kept in the permafrost the per
mantly frozen ground of Siberia
where they are now being
thawed out by the warming
weather and river-bank cave-ins.
They are so well preserved that
dogs, foxes and wolves tear Dff
chunks of the flesh and down it
with gusto.
The unpalatable heavy ivory
has been finding its way to
market in the last century,
si
,3i.
MAKE A
PROFIT
that's : worth while. Have
extra dollars in your bill
fold later r . . by putting
savings tp .work with us. .
FIRST FEDERAL
SAVINGS & LOAN ASS'N
of Medford
27 North Holly
An Institution Dedicated
To Those Who av.
thousands of tons of (these semi
fossiled animals have yielded
their valuable tusks.
Fill into Ravines
How did these extinct mon
sters get there? Apparently,
these lumbering beasts came to
grief by tumbling into snow
filled ravines from which they
could not extricate themselves,
froze up stiff, and were covered
with drifting snov which packed
into ice. And there they stayed,
deep-frozen, perhaps something
like 150 centuries!'
In contrast to today's elephant,
these hairy mammoths were
bulkier and heavier although
perhaps not quite as high, stand
ing about 10 feet 6 inches at the
shoulder. Their great tusks were
spiral-curved the tail was quite
short and the ears were small,
smaller even than those of the
small-eared Indian elephant.
To withstand the rigors of the
north, the mammoth had a four
to six inch layer of pure .white
fat over its dark meat muscle,
an extremely heavy incn-thick
skin, and outside of that a red
dish' woolly coat covered with
long black hairs up to 14 inches
long. The guard hair grew in
particularly heavy patches on
cheeks, chin, shoulders, flanks
and belly. Besides this heavy
coating, it had a special adapta
tion to cold climate its rear
against the cold.
Apparently, the beast was con
structed to contend with food
less seasons. It possessed two
humps. One of them was above
the shoulder, as one might expect
for easy carrying, but the other,
strangely enough, was on top
of the massive head.
In the most' remarkable find
of its kind, even the last meal of
one of these animals was pre
served. In its mouth was still a
chunk of food and its frozen
stomach yielded 27 pounds of
chewed undigested food consist
ing of willow, larch, fir and pine
tips; some ground-up fir cones,
grass, wild ferns, wild thyme,
and two kinds of mosses. Poppy
and buttercup seeds were still
adhering to its great teeth.
Teeth Colossal -
As for those teeth, they were
colossal. The long surface of one
molar measured 8 inches along
the top grinding surface,' 2Yz
inches across, and about 11
inches long. It weighed 12
pounds. ,
Its tusks in reality teeth, too
sometimes reached a length of
10 feet and weighed 200 pounds!
(The average African elephant's
weigh less than a quarter that
much today.)
This hairy mammoth ranged
through .the northern hemis
sphere during the days when
Siberia was a continuous land
mass with Alaska, the North Sea
was a fertile plain, and the
British Isles were a part of the
continent of Europe.
Where is the best place to find
yourself a deep-freeze mammoth
today? A tiny one was found
only six years ago in Alaska,
buried in the permafrost. No
doubt others remain.
(Copyright. 1954 by Eugene "Burns)
(DisJ, by McClure Newspaper Synd.)
l : "v ' ' "' - X- "' ' 1 '
4FFKr.TioATE GREETING is given Pamela Brown, 3, '"Little
Miss Amvet," by President Eisenhower after she gave him 1954
"We Remember" seals in Christmas orphanage program. She is
1 20,000th homeless child to be given gift by Am vets. (International)
Proof of Earth's Movement
By J. HUGH PRUETT
Astronomer. Extension Division
Oregon Higher Education System
Sincere seekers after truth are
found among all ages. Recently
two ninth grade girls wrote me
regarding proofs of the move
ments in the solar system. The
difficulty in explaining to pupils
of that, age is that many of the
proofs may be beyond their abil
ity to understand.
The old-time '.Idea was that
the earth was flat and motion
less and was the center of the
universe. All heavenly bodies
were .thought to revolve , daily
around this fixed and all-important
earth. But there were a few
deep students of nature long be
fore the Christian era who held
practically present, day views.
One such was the Greek Aris
tarchus of Samos, who was most
active around 250 B.C. The. fel
low countrymen of such men re
viled them and accused them of
trying to overturn the generally
accepted religions of their time.
The Italian Galileo in the 1600's
was similarly persecuted for
views now taught everywhere.
Present-day seekers after truth
often are denounced on religious
grounds.
We have hardly more space
here than to mention the proofs
that the earth is round, rotates
on its axis and revolves around
the sun. The great Copernicus
in the mid-1500's was thorough
ly convinced of the truths of
these ideas, but lacking, proofs
could only say they seemed more
reasonable than the old views.
With the advance of knowledge,
definite proofs t are now at hand.
Some of these cannot be under
stood jwithout the knowledge of
college mathematics and science.
The proofs that the earth is
spherical are the most simple.
Ships sailing from land grad
ually sink below the horizon,
the hull first, then the ' upper
structure, and finally the smoke.
World travelers have entirely
encircled the earth. During
eclipses the edge of the earth's
shadow on the moon is circular.
The other planets are seen tele
scopically as circular disks.
The heavenly bodies seem to
circle the earth daily because
of our world's axial rotation, but
this is not definite proof of ro
tation. However, there are real
evidences that it does rotate. Ob
jects dropped from high eleva
tions strike the ground a little
east of the point directly under
the place of release. Other
proofs are the Foucault pendu
lum, the deflection of moving
bodies to the right in the north
ern hemisphere and to the left
in the southern, the Compton
wheel and the fact that the other
planets can be observed to ro
tate. The sun seems to trace a com
plete circle among the stars in
a year. This is due to the earth's
motion around old Sol, but is
not proof of it. The proofs and
these cannot be easily explained
to high school freshmen are
the aberration of light, the shift
ing of the spectroscopic lines
when our earth is approaching
or" receding from a luminous
body, and the annual parallax
of stars.
Copco To Complete
Klamath Substation
Klamath Falls (U.R) Klam
ath Falls substation of the Cal
ifornia Oregon Power. Company
will be completed by Christmas
day, District Manager Sam Ritch
ey said.
Total cost for the substation
and transmission line is about
Sunday, December 19, 1934 v
MEDFORD (OREGON MAIL TRIBUNE FIVE
$3,750,000. The interconnection
with Bonneville Power : Admin
istration is at Diamond Lake
junction. ' '
Ritchey said six reactors, each
weighing about 4$ tons, have
been installed on concrete mats
and equipped with porcelain in
sulators.4 Their purpose is ; to
lower voltage on the transmis
sion c line from the Columbia
river to 230,000 volts, insulators
on the line have the effect of condensers,-
Ritchey explained, and
raise voltage above the 230,00f0
volt figure.
Texas has 106.5 trillion cubic
feet of natural reserves, or 50
per cent of the United States
total.
TYPEWRITERS &
ADDING MACHINES
Repaired
MEDFORD OFFICE
EQUIPMENT COMPANY
41 S. Grape- Phone 2-4100
Use Tribune Want Ads
The M. H. de Young museum
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