SIX MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE
MEDFORDTRIBUirc
Everyone In Southern Oregon
Reads The Mail Tribune
Published Daily Except Saturday by
MEDFORD PRINTING CO.
27-29 North Fir St. Phone 2-6141
ROBERT W RUHL. Editor
F3NEST R. GII-STRAP. Manager
v i- rrnr.rsnN Manazine Editor I
ERIC ALLEN JR.. City Editor
HARRY CHIPMAN. Telegraph Editoi
RICHARD JEWETT Sports Editor
OLIVE ST ARCHER. Society Editor
GERALD LATHAM. Circulation MgT
An Independent Newspaper
Entered as second class matter at
Medford. Oregon, under Act of
March 3. 1897
SUBSCRIPTION BATES
By Mail In Advance:
Daily and Sunday one year $12
Daily and Sunday six months 6
00
50
.50
1.25
n A A n n - a M.rffYirrf
Ashland. Central Point. Eagle Point
Jacksonville. Gold Hill. Phoenix.
Shady Cove. Rogue River. Talent
and on motor routes:
Daily and Sunday one year $15 00
- Daily and Sunday one month 1.25
All Terms Cash in Advance
Official Paper of the City of Medford
Official Paper of Jackson County
United Press Full Leased Wire
MEMBER OF AUDIT BUREAU
OF CIRCULATION
Advertising Representative:
WEST-HOLLIDAY COMPANY. tNC
Offices In New York. Chicago. De.
troit, San Francisco. Los Angeles
Seattle. Portland. St Louis. Atlanta
Vancouver. B.C.
NATIONAL EDITORIAL
ASSOCfATljjN
ruiusHits
ASSOCIATION
Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County His
tory from the files of The Mail
Tribune 10, 20. 30 and 40 yean
age.
10 YEARS AGO
July 28, 1942
(It was Tuesday)
Construction of 10 defense
housing units on Haven street
near Summit street to get under
way shortly.
From Arthur Perry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: The homli
est wrestler in the world will
cavort at the Armory tomorrow
night, and a great outpouring is
expected to see this scenic eye
sore. 20 YEARS AGO
July 28. 1932
(It was Thursday)
Local labor bureau requests
permission to grant work slips
only to persons who are local
residents in effort to aid local
unemployment first.
Price for extra large eggs
reaches 18 cents a dozen here;
highest price since January 12.
30 YEARS AGO
July 28, 1922
(It was Friday
Large number of tourists from
all sections of United States
register with Medford tourist
bureau.
Bureau of labor statistics show
cost of living down 23 per cent
from 1920.
40 YEARS AGO
July 28, 1912
(It was Sunday
Baseball fans reserve 15 rail
road coaches to travel to see
game between northern Calif
ornia and southern Oregon all
stars. Vandals cause much damage
at Crater Lake lodge; holes
chopped in floor, dining room
tables cut up and all food eaten.
Editorial Comment
We can sympathize with Lar
ry Smyth, Merv Shumaker and
Herb Lundy of the Portland pa
pers who "have to" cover the
national conventions. But we
waste no sympathy on Bob Ruhl
of the Medford Mail Tribune and
Bud Forrester of the Pendleton
East Oregonian who went on
their own motion and notion
and expense. Bob has been cov
ering these conventions for
years and like a firehorse could
not resist the smell of the smoke
filled rooms. Bud is taking the
convention beat for the first
time, and since he is taking in
both is also taking quite a "beat
ing." Oregon (Salem) States
man. Bus Drivers Permitted
To Wear Shorts on Job
Plymouth, Ind. (U.R) In
diana bus drivers had permis
sion Monday to wear shorts and
T-shirts, but some of them were
too coy to show their knees.
When he pulled his bus into
the depot here, driver E. K. Lee
said the line's summertime in
novation was "going over big
with passengers" but many driv
ers continued to wear full length
trousers.
Passengers, he said, "razz us
a lot and most of them ask:
"Where's your shorts? Frankly
I haven't enough nerve to come
out with them."
Editorial Correspondence
Chicago, July 26 The similarity between the two conventions
held to the very end.
For president the Democrats selected the strongest man avail
able, Adlai Stevenson; just as the Republicans two weeks ago in
the same hall selected General Eisenhower.
For Vice President the Democrats did exactly as the Repub-
licans did: chose tne man Desi-caicuiaiea puimtdiiy io sucubuicu
the ticket.
But the similarity did not end there. As was true of the Taft
forces so with the Kefauver forces, a large proportion of them
nailed their flag to the mast, and preferred to go down with the
ship, to going over to the enemy.
This was especially true of Oregon.
When it was clear to everyone last night that Kefauver had
shot his bolt and was through, only one member of the Oregon
delegation (Dave Epps) went over to Stevenson, the others not only
stood pat, but in spite of the convention chairman's ruling, made
speeches about it, and they were vehement ones.
m m
In fact Chairman Schrunk of Oregon, in cowboy hat and robust
ringing voice stole the show as far as adding-nominating-speeches-to-the-vote
call was concerned when on the first ballot he
shouted before announcing Oregon's vote:
"Oregon needs no machine, no Republican newspaper
in Chicago, not even a great President of the United States
lo tell US how to vote. We cast 12 votes for the man who
beat Stevenson in our primary, ESTES KEFAUVER."
Incidentally that might be added to the long and imposing list
of 'famous last words." But it is also true it brought down the
house.
i
But it wasn't the last protest.
When the final show-down came, and the delegate from "Sweet
Home, Oregon" declared he thought he had fulfilled his obliga
tion to the Oregon primary and therefore would cast his vote for
Governor Stevenson, another member of the delegation who looked
(at a distance) MUCH like its chairman, somewhat ostentatiously
held his nose!
a
So the Oregonians, faithful to the end, went down with the
Kefauver ship, and are no more pleased with the result than the
writer's "uncles and cousins and aunts'' in. Galena, Illinois, were
pleased, when THEIR idol and hero, Robert Alphonso Taft was
"spurlos versenkt" a fortnight ago. And we surmise for much the
same reason. They honestly don
scholarly Adlai Stevenson CAN beat "Ike" come November.
i And they may be right.
In fact at this writing, we should say the smart politicians here
in Chicago would put the odds in
to 10 in favor of the GOP. But as
many a slip between the cup
for the Illinois Governor he will in our judgment come nearer
beating Eisenhower than any other candidate for the nomination
in this convention. In fact he is in
the HIGHEST TYPE OF AMERICAN STATESMAN to lead the
Democratic party since Woodrow Wilson like the late President
Wilson, however, he may prove to suffer from the POLITICAL
shortcomings of his virtues.
. The "die-hard" Kefauver element, dramatized so conspicuously
by Oregon was not representative of the convention, however, in
anything like the same way the "die-hard" Taft element represent
ed the Republican convention of two weeks ago.
There was far more unanimity
of the delegates last night, when
nomination unanimous was passed, than there was when Senator
Taft's sportsmanlike gesture brought a similar 100 per cent vote
for "Ike."
If Senator Kefauver felt the
mean every word he said, when
nor Stevenson, then he is a greater actor than most observers be
lieve him to be.
Your correspondent has seen
during this convention, both in press conferences and over TV, and
vhile he may be superficial in
much to learn as far as the game
cerned, it is impossible to doubt
plete devotion to fundamental liberal principles.
He also has unquestioned, in fact rare, moral courage.
The writer will never cease to
for his refusal to sidestep the issue of Joe McCarthy and McCar-
thyism. He even took up the cudgels for honesty, decency and fair
play against "Dirty Joe" in the latter's own bailiwick in Wisconsin!
To date no other prominent figure in EITHER party has shown
equal courage or equal vision and your correspondent is going
to be much surprised, if in the ensuing campaign, ANY of them
do! Our hat goes off, even in defeat, to Senator Estes Kefauver.
This convention, like the one
its own destruction, and contributed generously, we believe, to pub
lie approval of a national primary
travagant and silly business of selecting presidential candidates
by the street carnival, side-show BALLYHOO method.
TV must get chief credit for this.
Had it not been possible for the delegates to put on a show for
their home-town, simply by calling for a recount the time con
sumed by the balloting would have been reduced by at least 60
per cent perhaps much more.
In 99 per cent of the cases, there was no excuse whatever for
a recount except this childish passion to show-off let the boys
and girls at the railroad station know how important they had
become when they reach home.
The proof of this was that in 99 per cent of the cases, there was
no change in the vote, and those who demanded a poll knew there
would be none, although to get it they had to perjure themselves
by stating they believed the original report had been inaccurate.
This demonstration of nit-witted EXHIBITIONISM on the part
of the boys and girls who were sent to this convention will, we
believe, contribute' materially to the eventual abandonment of the
entire system.
At least, here's hoping! R.W.R.
"JOE BEAVER"
"As well as protecting our liberties,
f resources before we set to
Monday. July 28, 1952
t believe the gentlemanly ana
their "future book" at around 8
so often remarked there may be
and the lip and we will say this
the opinion of this department,
and real enthusiasm on the part
the usual motion to make the
slightest bitterness, or did not
he pledged full support to Gover
a good deal of Senator Kefauver
some directions, and certainly has
of smart PARTY politics is con
the man's sincerity and his com
hold him in the highest regard
preceeding, broadcast seeds of
to replace the antiquated, ex
By Ed Nofziger
Forest Service. U. S. Department ot Agriculture
we ought to protect our renewable
the bottom of the barrel!" -
Crosstown
"This dame doesn't KNIT any too good, either I"
Matter of Fact
THE MINDLESS MILITANTS
Chicago One thing at least
has been proven with finality
by this lunatic convention. The
Northern Democratic liberals
needs a few lessons in practical
politics before they again pre
sume to try to lead their party.
A sillier and more illogical dis
play than they have made since
Thursday could hardly be im
agined. It must be understood that
Gov. Adlai Stevenson of Illin
ois was the first choice of al
most all these high - minded,
forward - looking thinkers. Im
mediately after President Tru
man's famous announcement
that he would not run, W. Av
erell Harriman himself spent
three hours pleading with Stev
enson to become a candidate.
Virtually all the leaders of Am
ericans for Democratic Action
followed Harriman in making
the same plea. Men like ADA
leader Joseph Rauh, a Harriman
delegate from Washington, D.C.,
made special trips to Spring
field to try to persuade Steven
son to declare himself.
Stevenson remained the an
swer to the liberal's prayer un
til the actual opening of this
convention. Indeed he was still
the answer after the convention
opened, during the early period
when word was going around
that the President had given the
nod to Alben W. Barkley. Sen.
Estes Kefauver of Tennessee did
not attract the liberals. Few of
them were so detached from re
ality as to imagine that Harri
man could be nominated with
out President Truman's back
ing. The great hope of the lib
erals was that there would be
a deadlock, and that Gov. Adlai
Stevenson would then be draft
ed. BUT WHAT happened when
the draft movement for
Stevenson really got started?
What happened was that this
event, which one might have
supposed would have been re
ceived as manna from heaven,
at once drove the liberals into
paroxysms of rage and, one
must add, folly.
Harriman himself behaved
like the sensible and honorable
man that he is. Although natur
ally piqued by Stevenson's re
emergence, he did not forget his
own high opinion of Stevenson.
He did not lose sight of his pre
ference for Stevenson over the
other candidates. He kept his
head. But the general' mass of
liberals in the Harriman and
Kefauver camps began playing
amateur convention politics, or
ganizing a stop - Stevenson
movement.
It was said that by failing to
reject the draft movement, Stev
en snn had been faithless, al
though the very men accusing
him of faithlessness naa always
meant to head a draft-Stevenson
movement in the event of the
expected deadlock, it was aiso
saiH. bv the very same men who
had begged Stevenson to run,
that he was "too far right; 10
head the Democratic ticket. It
was loudly asserted that Stev
enson was the creature ot tne
"Northern bosses and the South
ern feudalists," although any
one could see that he had done
his hest to discourage the draft,
and owed nothing at all to the
men who had launched the dratt
against his will.
The sequel of these mindless
maneuvers was almost to make
the nonsensical charges of the
liberals against Stevenson come
part-way true. I his great tri
limnh for liberalism was scored
during the wild evening session,
in the vote on seating Virginia,
fiov. John Battle of Virginia had
already declared that Virginia
law required compliance with ,
the convention's so - called loy-
alty pledge, to put the Demo- i
cratic candidates on the ticket. ;
The golden opportunity was ob-;
vious, to seat the Virginia dele-
gates but exclude South caro- j
Una thus isolating Gov. James I
F. Byrnes, the man who came :
here desiring to split the Dem- i
6 Roland Coe
r " Ifaj
7-ZB-rz, g
By Joseph and
Stewart Alsop
ocratic party.
TiHE NORTHERN organization
leaders for Stevenson, Col.
Jacob Arvey of Illinois and May
or David Lawrence of Pitts
burgh, voted to seat Virginia
for this reason, and to encourage
party unity. But the liberals,
led by Rep. Roosevelt, Sen. Her
bert Lehman, Sen. Humphrey
and others, went mad against
the Virginia vote. In a series of
subsequent ballots, this same
voting pattern was repeated,
with the draft-Stevenson lead
ers and the South combining to
drub the liberals again and
again.
The obvious effect was to
make the unfortunate Stevenson
seem, utterly falsely of course,
to be the creature of the North
ern bosses and the Southern
feudalists, as alleged. After this
glittering triumph the liberals
held a wild 4 a.m. rally at the
Congress hotel. The one word of
sense at this gathering was spo
ken by Sen. Humphrey, who re
minded the assembled thinkers
that there were, after all, three
candidates acceptable to Ameri
can liberals Harriman, Ke
fauver and Stevenson. To this
Rep. Roosevelt replied with ma
jestic cocksuresness, "I put a
question mark after the name
of Stevenson."
The objective situation at that
4 a.m. rally was all too plain.
Stevenson was almost certainly
the only liberal candidate who
would be nominated. Any suc
cessful attempt to stop him could
only open the way for one of
the more conservative candi
dates. All the fleas on the Tru
man dog the more incompe
tent members of the Cabinet,
the sleazier members of the
White House staff and the rest
had arranged to hop from Tru
man to Barkley. The first plan
to put over Barkley having mis
carried, the fleas were also long
ing to stop Stevenson, so they
could find some other nourish
ing place to light. The risk was
serious.
Yet the liberals ignored this
risk. They ignored the objec
tive situation. Above all, they
ignored the golden opportunity
to increase liberal influence in
the Democratic party by taking
the lead in the draft-Stevenson
movement, which would then
have assumed tidal proportions.
Altogether, the need for a few
hard lessons in practical poli
tics would seem to be clear, in
the face of this array of evi
dence. (Copyright, 1952, New York
Herald Tribune, Inc.)
Strikers Force
Way Back To Work
Terre Haute, Ind. (U.R)
Three men were injured Mon
day when a fight broke out be
tween CIO and AFL members
as a small group of striking em
ployees at the Allis - Chalmers
pilot plant forced their way
back to work.
Company spokesmen said 34
of 340 men on strike more than
11 weeks re-entered the plant
and were put back to work.
Guarded by a force of 300
AFL union members brought
from other plants in this area,
the returning workers were put
back on the payroll despite the
fact the Air Force removed more
than 40 pieces of machinery de- j
signed to produce jet aircraft
engines. i
DR. J. R. CHRISTENSEN
OSTEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN and SURGEON
ANNOUNCES
THE OPENING OF OFFICES
For the Treatment of Diseases of the Skin
Phone 3-3228 . 207 Fluhrer Building
By Appointment Medford, Oregon
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
You're familiar, I'm sure, with
the seven wonders of the ancient
world. I shall not bore you today
by listing and describing them.
I should like to call your atten
tion instead to a wonder of the
modern 'world beside which
these wonders of old are a mere
tallow candle held up to the ef
fulgence of the noonday sun.
I refer to the DEMOCRATIC
PARTY.
LET'S go back to yesterday
(This is written on Friday.)
At 6 p.m. (PDT) the Demo
cratic party was a flaming mass
of elemental passion. At the
drop of a hat, it had slipped
back nine decades in history.
There on the floor of the Inter
national auditorium in the Chi
cago stockyards, burning fierce
ly, were all the sectional hatreds
and sectional differences that
brought on the tragedy of the
Civil War.
Again the word SECESSION
was being bandied about. Men's
voices, as they argued, were high
and tense and hot.
Rebellion, at whatever cost,
was in the air.
Then
two hours later
THE SCENE HAD CHANGED
Men who 120 minutes before
had been ready to fly at each
other's throats were speaking
mildly and conciliatingly. There
was reconciliation in the air. The
miracle had happened that (trag
ically) DIDN'T happen in 1860.
T ET'S put it another way.
- At 6 p.m. (PDT) yesterday
the joint snake that is the Demo
cratic party had suddenly, dra
matically, flown apart into its
component pieces.
By 8 p.m. (PDT) it had miracu
lously come back together.
IIHAT wrought the miracle?
' What cooled the flaming
passions? What brought the an
grily sundered joints of the
snake back together again into a
smoothly functioning entity?
rriHIS is it:
There came to the mass of
fighting, clawing, biting Demo
crats there on the floor of the In
ternational auditorium the chill
ing thought that if we go on with
this we'll lose our power, our
perquisites and our place in the
sun.
That thought was like a swift,
beating rain dashing down on a
roaring fire in the dry prairie
grass. It quenched the flames. It
brought this sobering thought:
If we keep this up THE RE
PUBLICANS WILL BEAT US.
From there on, all was sweet
ness and light.
WHERE else, save in the Demo
cratic party, could that hap
pen? I ask you. But it DID hap
pen. That is why the Democratic
party, for more than a century,
has rolled on and on and on.
That is why the Democratic
party is the top wonder of the
world.
TTOW do they do it?
"If you listened through last
night, you have the answer. It's
SHOWMANSHIP. Democrats
from Jefferson and Jackson on
down, have been showmen of
the first magnitude.
They give the customers their
money's worth in the way of a
SPECTACLE.
HARRY flew in from Washing
ton. He has-settled the steel
strike. He settled it without re
course to the Taft-Hartley law.
It was costly, of course. It idled
hundreds of thousands of men. It
stopped prices from going down.
It started them BACK UP again.
It slowed our economy from a
gallop to a walk. It could have
left us in a bad fix if the Rus
sians had pounced suddenly.
But it all came out right in
the end and Harry arrived in
Chicago with the scalps of the
big interests hanging at his belt
and victory in the bag for the
little people.
And he arrived in Chicago at
the psychological moment.
OH, SURE. It means more in
flation. But what of that? In
flation's bite won't come until
later. This is NOW. And right
now is what counts.
TUST the same, we Republi
" cans will do well to take a leaf
from the century and a quarter
old Democratic book. We'd better
TALK more (as well as think
more) about what's good for the
people, and maybe we'd better
talk a little less about what's
good for business.
After all, what's good for the
people as a whole is good for
business as a whole. And what's
genuinely good for business is
genuinely good for the people.
We'd better find a way to
DRAMATIZE that fact. Every
body loves drama. REALISTIC
drama is still drama, and in the
s
t m w r m.. .1 mm
GIVING CROWD A LAUGH, Caddy Charles Brendlinger letters
I like Ike" on Civil War hat before showing up to carry Gen.
D.D.Eisenhower's clubs at Denver's Cherry Hills tlub.(Internationai)
On The Side
(Distributed by Kinf
The "Society of American
Mothers-in-Law" will campaign
to decrease the number of un
kind jests as to mothers-in-law
and also try to generally improve
relations with their married chil
dren. Most of the trouble is be
tween mothers-in-law and daugh
ters-in-law. The great majority
of mothers-in-law get along very
well with their sons-in-law. That
is except when the wife is an
only daughter.
That Club
"Again you refer to one Hugh
Blue as president of The My
Name Is a Poem Club," writes
a Bostonian. "My dear sir, the
man's name does not even
rhyme. Hugh is pronounced
'Hew' which does not rhyme
with blue, pronounced 'bloo.' I
believe if this blue attempts to
run for his twenty-fourth term
as he threatens to do, his nomi
nation should be strongly op
posed. I suggest Herman Sher
man Berman of New York for
M. N. I. A. P. C. president and
Channing Manning of Fresno,
Calif., for vice president."
Please Note
British schoolmasters are still
caning badly behaved school
children. An attempt to elimi
nate the practice is opposed by
an organization called "The Na
tional Society for the Retention
of Corporal Punishment" of
which Eric A. Wildman, a recent
visitor to the U. S. A., is presi
dent. Mr. Wildman is a manu
facturer of birch rods and canes.
He believes in the caning of all
badly behaved young people up
to 18. However, he does not, as
has been alleged, advocate the
spanking of wives. That comes
under the head of wife beating
and is a crime in most sections
of this country. Husband beating
is also illegal. Not long ago a
Chicago woman was arrested for
beating her spouse. Reasons for
this shocking act were not
stated. Perhaps the victim was
one of those wonderful Chicago
husbands who suddenly sulked
when asked to dry the dinner
dishes.
Asking
Queries from clients. Q. What
Lincoln United States one cent
piece did you say was valuable?
A. Don't recall discussing Lin
coln cents. However, can tell
you that the Lincoln cent of
1914, if it has a small "D" below
the dateline, is a valuable coin.
It's worth about $30. The most
valuable United States coin is an
1822 five dollar gold piece. This
past we Republicans have pro
vided too little of it.
The Democrats are masters of
the art.
A SERIOUS word in conclu
sion. It is most significant that in
this convention, with all their
star-spangled oratory, the Dem
ocrats have been LOOKING
BACKWARD and talking and
thinking about the past. About
the full stomachs and the fat
pocketbooks that have come out
of a war econmy.
Thse of us who believe in Ike
are looking forward and are talk
ing and thinking about ihe fu
ture. If we're eoine to win. wp'rf
better put FIRE and CONVIC-
HUN into our talking and our
thinking.
Fire and conviction provide
drama.
Quality .
Truly thoughtful service is a precious qual
ity which money alone cannot buy. It is
most often found among those expe
rienced, trustworthy institutions which
have achieved a name through many years
of serving the public.
We provide such service at alj times for
those who need it.
CONGER-MORRIS
Funeral Directors Ambulance Service
West Main at Sixth Medford
Member National Selected Morticians by Invitation
By E. V. Duriing
Futures Syndicate, Inc.)
is said to be worth around
$12,000.
Please Note
How are you on major league
baseball history? I'll give you
an easy question for a starter.
In the history of major league
baseball, only seven men have
made over 3,000 hits in their
careers. Six of these players
were: Ty Cobb, Tris Speaker,
Hans Wagner, Eddie Collins, Na
poleon Lajoie and "Cap" Anson.
Who was the seventh?
Borrowed Time
Suggested for president of the
"Borrowed Time Club" is George
Bartlett of Azusa, Calif. Fifty
one years ago George was de
clared dead by two doctors. He
escaped being caried off to the
undertaker when a third phy
sician disagreed. Mr. Bartlett is
now 91, active in business, drives
an automobile and flies a plane.
Passing By
Sam Stern, grand exalted rul
er of the Benevolent and Protect
ive Order of Elks, is from Fargo,
N. D., and the first nationally
celebrated man to come from
that town since the days of that
gallant ringman, Billy Petrolle,
known as "The Fargo Express"
. . . Elaine Barrie, once the wife
of John Barymore. She is now
a business woman. Works for a
Wall St. firm. As a moving pic
ture actress Elaine was featured
in that quaint short subject film
titled "How to Undress in Front
of Your Husband."
Briefly
Hay fever sufferers are re
ported to find relief from their
highly unpleasant ailment in the
lively cities of Miami, Fla., and
Reno, Nev. . . . Observes a New
Yorker: "A young old timer is
a fellow who remembers when
only Chinese laundrymen wore
their shirts outside of their
trousers."
Asides
The first and last child usually
have a much higher I.Q. than
their brothers and sisters. So
says an expert. At last I get a
break from an expert. I was the
last child of my parents ... As
for quaint names of daily news
papers, there was one in Duran
go, Calif., called The Solid Mul
doon. Yes, sir, that's what I said,
"The Daily Solid Muldoon." All
right, if you don't believe me ask
Gene Fowler.
Bank Ousts Man!
Geo. N. Taylor
Pres. Edman, Wheaton College
told the student body of the
promising man in the bank, who
was to be voted into a place of
high trust. That noon in the
cafeteria, one
of the Direc
tors saw the
man take two
pats of butter
and hide one
down under,
not paying for
it. Later, in the
Directors'
meeting, the
man told it
Geo. N.Taylor s0 we have a
thief in the bank. I vote he be
discharged." So he was and in
stead of promotion, he was let
out.
Be it theft or what, sin marks
us as set against God's law unless
we turn to Christ and take Him
as having died for us, we go on
to the Lake prepared for the
Devil and his angels Mt. 25:41.
A dairyman sponsors this space.
adv.
. .
SL