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CJeGMTHV lEIFISEffl; TfiFT SO
1 P8 'PBES
Sunday, March . 1331
TI SEEJMS;
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OTITIS : wlBSE EJIffl
New England Given
Top Ranking Spot
In Region Ratings
Poll Sober Effort;
Not Popularity Test '
(Editor's not: The follow
lag story, which evaluates tho
members of tho Unitad StalM
Senate, both oa their general
IotoI of cxcollonco as individ
uals and on a regional basis,
was prepared from replies to
a survey of the 180 members
of the American Political Sci
ence association who ara list
. ed as legislation specialists In
she association's directory
The author is associate pro
fessor of economics at the Uni
varsity of Denver.)
By DR. BYRON L. JOHNSON
The top five men in the U. S.
Senate today, according to the
Dolitical scientists specializing
in legislation, are Senators Doug
las of Illinois, iteiauver or ien
nessee, Morse of Oregon, Leh
man of New York and Fulbright
of Arkansas.
The five senators rated lowest
are: Cain of Washington, Ma
Inn nf Nevada. McKellar of
Tennessee, Jenner of Indiana and
sen. joseph McCarthy
"The Worst"
at the very bottom, McCarthy of
Wisconsin. -
These ratings were made by
political scientists listed as leg
islation specialists by the
American Political Science asso
ciation. Dr. Byron L. Johnson
and Dr. W. E. Butt, who con
ducted the survey, reported that
there is substantial agreement
among professional political sci
entists about the merits of the
senators.
This survey Is not a popular
ity contest It is an effort to
measure the consensus of espe
cially qualified judges. Each per
son submitting a rating is a
student of legislation and of the
legislature.
The only woman now in the
senate, Margaret Chase Smith
of Maine, rated sixth. The re
maining top 25 senators, in or
der of preference, were:
Lodge of Massachusetts, Aiken
of Vermont, Saltonstall of Mas
sachusetts, McMahon of Con
necticut, Monroney of Oklaho
ma, Ives of New York, Spark
man of Alabama, Humphrey of
Minnesota, Benton of Connecti
cut Hill of Alabama, O'Maho
ney of Wyoming, Duff of Penn
sylvania, Moody of Michigan,
Tobey of New Hampshire, Flan
ders of Vermont Murray of
Montana, Green of Rhode Is
land, Taft of Ohio and Russell
of Georgia.
There are 10 Republicans in
the top 25. There are 13 Repub
licans and 32 Democrats among
the 45 middle-rank senators.
But there are only 3 Democrats
among the 25 senators who drew
the poorest ratings, Eastland of
Mississippi, McCarran of Ne
vada and McKellar of Tennes
see. : The low ranking of one-half
of the Republican senators can
not be traced to the party pref
erence of the political scientists.
Separate tabulation of the scores
of senators in all ranks showed
that - for one-third, the scores
were virtually identical, for an
other one-third, there was some
tendency to rank members of
their own party slightly higher,
but this was offset by another
one-third in which senators drew
higher ranking from members
of tha opposing party. No indi
vidual would advance more than
a few pace3 by taking only the
rank of his own partisans.
The top four Democrats, Doug
las, Kefauver, Lehman and Ful
bright have virtually identical
ratings from both sides of the
fence. Republicans and inde
pendents would give slightly
higher ratings to Morse, Smith
of Maine and Lodge and Salton
stall of Massachusetts. On the
other hand, the Democrats
would give a slightly higher
rating to Aiken, a Republican,
f
s
IL
and to McMahon, a Democrat
- The political scientists were
atkfd to note, as to each man
atH whether thev viewed each
of five traits as strong or weak
points: Attitude on domestic is
sues, attitude on foreign issues,
legislative ability, intellectual
ability and personal Integrity,
Senator Paul Douglas was
consistently rated ahead of all
the others, and high tribute was
paid to his ability, training ana
integrity. One independent sum
marized the view of many by
referring to him as "the meas
uring stick for all the others."
senator McCarthy, on the oth
er hand, did badly on all five
counts. The opinion ox tne ex
perts was unanimous that his
personal integrity was his weak
est point, but his stand on both
domestic and foreign issues was
almost universally criticized.
Only his legislative ability drew
any praise, and then only trom
one-fourth of the Republican re
spondents. Comments added to the re
plies were strong. Republican po
litical scientists characterized
him as "not worthy of a Senate
seat," and "a disgrace to tne
U. S. Senate." An outstanding
authority on Constitutional law
commented, in more restrained
language, that McCarthy has "an
exceedingly baa record."
While McCarthy, like the
cheese in "The Farmer in the
Dell " stands alone. Senator
Jenner had little competition for
runner-up. His score was even
lower among the Republicans
and indeoendents than among
the Democrats. About one-fourth
were willing to concede that his
nersonal intesritv was strong,
however, which distinguishes
him somewhat irom senator
McCarthy. His crudeness drew
special criticism as being be
neath the dignity expected of
a senator.
The two low-ranking Demo
crats, Senators McKellar and Mc
Carran, who are chairmen of
powerful Senate committees,
drew praise for their legisla
tive ability from their critics,
even as they deplored the use to
which this ability is put. ,
Senator Butler of Maryland,
who displaced Senator Tydings
in a bitterly fought campaign
in which Senator McCarthy was
very active, had that campaign
RANKING OF U. S. SENATORS
1. Douglas .
2. Kefauver
3. Morse
4. Lehman
5. Fulbright
6. Smith
7. Lodge .
8. Aiken .,
9. Saltonstall -10.
McMahon ....
"11. Monroney
12. Ives
13. Sparkman ..
14. Humphrey -
15. Benton
16. Hill
17. O'Mahoney
18. Duff
19. Moody ..
20. Tobey
21. Flanders
22. Murray
23. Green
24. Taft
25. Russell
...D. HI.
.D: Tenn.
R. Oregon
...D. N. Y.
,D. Ark.
.R. Maine
R. Mass.
...R. Vermont
... R. Mass.
D. Conn.'
D. Okla.
-R. N. Y.
D. Ala.
D. Minn.
D. Conn.
-D. Ala.
D. Wyo.
R. Pa.
-D. Mich.
R. N. H.
-R. Vermont
D. Mont.
D. R. I.
-R. Ohio
D. Ga.
-D. Ariz.
-D. Texas
-D. N. M.
-D. W. Va.
-D. Arizona
D. Ga.
R. Del.
28. Hayden
27. Johnson
28. Anderson
29. Kilgore
30. McFarland
31. George
32. Williams ..
33. Neely
34. Smith
35. Hunt .
D. W. Va.
-R. N. J.
-D. Wyo.
36. Chavez
37. Connally .
38. Long :
39. Magnuson .
40. Pastore
-D. N. Mex.
-D. Texas
D. La.
D. Wash.
-D. R. I.
-D S. Car.
-R. Minn.
-R. N. J.
-R. Calif.
-D. N. Car.
-D. S. Car.
-D. Md.
.R. UL
41. Johnston
42. Thye
43. Hendrickson
44. Knowland
45. Hoey
46. Maybank
47. O'Conor .
48. Dirksen .
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Jtf,
SEN. ROBERT TAFT
"Lacks Personal Integrity"
held against him by members
of both parties. Several noted
their opinion that he should not
have been seated. (His campaign
manager admitted violation of
the election laws, and a bi-partisan
Sena te subcommittee
made a very critical report of
the campaign.)
Senator Taft drew a surpris
ingly low rank of 24th, rather
than in the first 10, as many
would expect. The Republican
and independent reviewers were
just as critical of his foreign pol
icy position as the Democrats.
Three-fourths of both groups
rated that as a weak point. The
Republicans tended to support
his domestic views, naturally
enough; one-fourth of the Demo
crats also viewed his domestic
policy as a strong point. Political
scientists of all parties are com
pletely unanimous in praise of
Senator Taft's legislative and
intellectual ability.
Personal Integrity
Senator Taft's personal integ
rity was rated as a weak point
by 23 per cent of these profes
sionals. At least some of this
criticism was attributed direct
ly to his handling of Senator
McCarthy. It is worthy of note
that McCarthy's outspoken cnt
ics rated high, Senator Smith
ranking sixth and Benton rank
ing 15th. Taft was also criticized
as having "been too much af
fected with 'presidentitis'."
Many of the best senators are
newcomers. Twelve of the first
49. Ferguson ,
50. Gillette
51. Millikin
52. Kerr
53. Martin
54. Carlson .
55. Hennings
' 56. Holland. ..
57. Young
58. Ellender ..
.R. Mich. -...D.
Iowa
R. Colo.
.D. Okla.
R. Pa.
R. Kansas
...D. Mo.
...D. Fla.
...R. N.Dak.
D. La.
59. McClellan .
60. Byrd
61. Robertson .
62. Wiley
63. Cordon
64. Johnson ..
65. Smith ...
66. Underwood
67. Stenais
68. Frear
D. Ark.
D. Va.
..D. Va.
.R. Wis.
.R. Oregon
...D. Colo:
D. N.Car.
-D. Ky.
D. Miss.
D. Del.
69. Clements
70. Smathers
D. Ky.
-D. Fla.
..R. Calif.
-R. N.Dak.
-R. S.Dak.
-R. Utah
-R. Mont.
71. Nixon
72. Langer
73. Case
74. Bennett .
75. Ecton
76. Schoeppel
77. Brewster
78. Bridges -
79. Mundt
80. Hickenlooper..
81. Watkins
82 Eastland .
83. Kem .
84. Butler -
85. Dworshak
R. Kansas
-R. Maine
-R. N. H.
R. S. Dak.
R. Iowa
-R Utah
-D. Miss.
-R- Mo.
-R. Neb.
-R. Idaho
-R. Ohio
-D. Nev.
-R. Md.
R. Idaho
-R. Ind.
R.- Wash.
86. Bricker
87. McCarran
88. Butler
89. Welker
90. Capehart .
91. Cain
92. Malone
93. McKellar .
94. Jenner
95. McCarthy
-R. Nev.
-D.Tenn.
R. Ind.
-R. Wis.
$4.50
20 senators are still in their first
term of six years, and 4 more
are now in their eighth year
of service. Only 4 of the top 20
have been in the Senate longer
than 10 years.
Worthy of special note is the
meteoric rise of the ex-capital
reporter, Blair Moody; as sen
ator from ' Michigan, to 19th
rank, in less than one year. While
Senator Moody has not yet won
spurs for his legislative abil
ity, his intellectual ability, in
tegrity and approach to both do
mestic and foreign issues won
great acclaim from both parties.
Gov. Williams' choice of a re
placement for the able and re
spected late Senator Vandenburg
was noted as "a man to watch"
"shows promise."
On the accompanying table no
rating is shown for Senator
Wherry, due to his death during
the time this study was being
made.
Regions Get Ratings
Three New England states,
Massachusetts, Connecticut and
Vermont are among the top five
states in the general excellence
of their senators. New York
takes second place, Alabama
fourth and Illinois sixth.
The regions ranked with re
spect to the excellence of their
senators as follows: New Eng
land, Middle 'Atlantic, West
South Central, South Atlantic,
East South Central, Pacific,
Mountain, West North Central
and East North Central.
Indiana Weakest
Indiana was credited with the
weakest team of senators (Cape
hart and Jenner), followed by
Nevada (McCarran and Malone),
Wisconsin (McCarthy and Wiley),
Idaho (Dworshak and Welker),
Nebraska (based on Wherry and
For
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Butler), and Maryland (Butler
and O'Connor). . v .
Honors among the top six
states are equaly divided be
tween the parties. Republicans
Lodge and Saltonstall constitute
the top state team and share Re
publican honors with Ives of
New York, Aiken and Flanders
of Vermont and Dirksen of Illi
nois. These six are balanced by
Democrats including: Lehman of
New. York, McMahon and Ben
ton' of Connecticut Hill and
Sparkman of Alabama and Doug
las of Illinois.
Among the senators from the
New England area, only Sen
ators Brewster of Maine and
Bridges of New Hampshire failed
to rank among the upper half in
the rating of individual senators.
From the . Middle Atlantic
area, only Senator Martin of
Pennsylvania failed to make the
upper group.
In the third ranking area, the
West South Central states, only
McClellan of Arizona and El
lender of Lousiana failed to rank
among the upper half.
Senators from the Southeast
(including the South Atlantic
and East South Central census
areas) tended to be about aver
age, with the exception of high
er ranking senators from Ala
bama, Georgia and West Vir
ginia, and Senator Williams of
Delaware won acclaim for his
handling of tax scandals.
Senator Morse of Oregon is
the top Senator, in his region,
ranking third nationally. Other
Senators from the West, includ
ing Mountain and Pacific areas,
tend to be about average, ex
cept for high ranking Senators
from Arizona, New Mexico, and
Wyoming. Low ranking states
Normal
SEN. WAYNE L. MORSE
Third-Best In Senate
in the area are Nevada, Idaho,
and Utah.
The 12 North Central States
currently provide many of the
worst Senators. Only Illinois
and Minnesota placed both their
Senators in the upper half of
the group. Senators Moody of
Michigan. (19th) and Taft of
Ohio (24th) are the only others
in the upper half, in the opinion
of the political scientists. Three
fourths of the. Senators from this
area are to be found in the low
er half of the Senate. Although
this area provides only 24 of
the 96 Senators, it provides 12
of the lowest 24 members in
this ranking.
Tennessee was distinguished
by providing both one of the
best (Kefauver, who ranked, sec
ond), and one of the worst," (Mc
Kellar, who ranked third from
the bottom). McKellar's only
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strong point noted was his legis
lative ability.
Ohio's famous team of presi
dential aspirants rated very bad
ly with the political scientists.
While they all had respect for
Taft's legislative and intellectual
ability, three-fourths of the re
spondents in both parties felt
that he was weak on foreign
issues, and 23 per cent ques
tioned his personal integrity, es
pecially since his equivocation
about Senator McCarthy, whom
they all apparently despise. More
than one-third of them gave
Senator Bricker credit for per
sonal integrity, but this was the
only strength he showed in the
poll.
Rank of State Senatorial Teams
Rank State
1. Massachusetts
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New York
Connecticut
Alabama
Vermont
Illinois
Wyoming
Minnesota
Arizona
Georgia
Rhode Island
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Oregon
Texas
West Virginia
New Mexico -
Michigan
Pennsylvania
Maine .
New Jersey
South Carolina .
New Hampshire .
Montana ;
Delaware
Louisana
North Carolina
California
Colorado .... Dtt
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RR
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48.
Tennessee
Florida
North Dakota
Kentucky . DD
Kansas ... RR
Iowa i DR
Ohio RR
South Dakota - , RR
Missouri .. DR
Mississippi DD
Utah RR
Washington ,-, .. DR
Maryland DR
Nebraska RR
Idaho " RR
Wisconsin ' RR
Nevada PR
Indiana RR
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