a8
TWELVE MEDFOHD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE
Friday. March 24. 1950
Science Resource in Peace
As Well as For Wartime
ft-'Allowlnr li the fourth of six dls-
patrhts prepared by the Amerlran
Society of Newspapr-r Editors' commit'
tee on atomic Information In collabor
ation with the bulletin of the atomic
rlentlita and distributed by the
United Press.)
"Science," said a scientist re
cently, "is perhaps the major
national resource, in peace no
less than war."
Scientists mobilized for World
War II gave our forces radar to
search the oceans and skies, and
sonar sound-ranging to hunt
submarines.
Scientists contributed missiles
and rockets to give an attack
plane the wallop of a cruiser.
Thev contributed the proximity
fuse which bursts at a pre-set
distance in the air from its target
to help win the crucial Battle
of the Bulge and help stave off
Japan's kamikaze planes. They
contributed the bazooka and of
course the A-bomb.
Do we need scientists today to
help preserve our precious if un
easy peace? Do we need them to
v save us if any enemy should
suddenly attack?
Dr. Frederick Seitz, research
professor of physics at the Uni
versity of Illinois, answers those
two questions this week in the
March Issue an H-bomb issue
of the bulletin of the atomic
scientists.
Dr. Scitz's answer to both
questions is "Yes."
If he persuades enough of his
colleagues, his article may be re
membered as one of the most
important of our time.
Frederick Seitz, 38, went to
Illinois after posts at the Uni
versity of Rochester (N. Y.), and
Pennsylvania, a stint with Gen
eral Electric and chairmanship
of the physics department at
Carnegie Tech. During the war
he worked in the Manhattan
project, helping develop atomic
piles. Later he directed the Oak
Ridge, Tcnn., institute of nuclear
studies.
Two Steps Outlined
Today this scientist believes
his colleagues should take two
steps to support "western civi
lization": First, seek worldwide peace.
Second, do research for war.
He calls for a new government
agency to organize research, just
as the OSRD the office of scien
tific research and development,
headed by Dr. Vannevar Bush
successfully did during World
War II.
Professor Seitz warned In 1946
that "a foreign nation" could
very possibly overtake us with'
in five years. Now he makes
two main points:
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1. Russia seems to be develop
ing atomic energy "at least five
times" faster than we. "There is
grave danger they will surpass
us" within a decade and "the
same is probably true in other
fields,"
2. "Who among us," he asks,
"will feel sinless if he has re
mained passively by while west
ern culture was being overwhelmed?"
To co-exist at peace with the
Soviet union and resist being
"overwhelmed," he believes we
must "make it impractical" for
Russia to follow her policy of
expansion and international
communism. He believes com
plete neutrality will not do the
job.
He believes in peace as the
primary goal and in prepared
ness only as a tool to strengthen
our hand. He will consider any
"vigorous" peace plans within or
without the united nations, in
cluding world or Atlantic union.
He would continue to support
non-communist nations.
Disarmament Supported
He will support international
disarmament if all nations dis
arm, and if inspection is ade
quate. To bargain, he would be
willing, like Senator McMahon,
to offer the Soviets economic aid.
He does riot believe we can
afford to refrain from accelerat
ing our arms program beyond
1950. He maintains "even a de
lay of this length may be unwise."
What would happen if we let
Russia overrun all western i.u-
rope? "She would probably
double her industrial strength
and military output, he says.
and after a decade we might
never match her.
Therefore, he says, the West
must become so strong Russia
could not attack "without grave
danger to herself." We can re
duce strength only when "a gen
eral agreement has been reached
under conditions which indicate
Russia has sincere intentions of
keeping it."
He doubts that any other pol-
icy could offer fewer risks. Read
iness for the Berlin airlift, he
points out, enabled us to out-
maneuver Russia. Many still-free
Europeans believe, he points out,
that only our A-bombs have kept
the Soviets from their borders.
What Effort Needed?
"What effort is required?" asks
the physicist. He estimates So-
Hobby Fair Set
A! Camp White On
Sunday, April 2
A Hobby fair, sponsored by
the arts and crafts department
of Camp White domiciliary cen
ter and veterans' administration
volunteer organizations, will be
held at the center Sunday, April
2. It will be of unusual interest.
according to a VAVU spokesman,
since all the work to be exhibited
has been made by disabled vet
erans. All the men who have con
tributed their work are handi
capped in some manner, the
spokesman said. Some men arc
blind, others have the use of
only one hand or have done their
work in wheel chairs.
Exhibits Named
A few of the men whose work
will be shown in the fair are An
drew Pedcrson, a blind man who
weaves rugs; Larry Ward, also
blind, who also weaves rugs:
Hans Sorenson, who makes gem
stone jewelry; Tommy Thomp
son, who writes poetry; Wayne
Neat, who has an arrowhead col
lection, and Lee Winkler, who
has a very fine exhibit of water
color paintings.
Other exhibits include hand
carved wooden dishes, copper
plaques, hand-tooled leather
goods, photography of all kinds,
including trick photography:
handmade baskets, stories, nov
elty engraving and plastic novelties.
AWOl Soldier Held
On Murder Charges
Des Moines, la., Mar. 24 V.'.
Thomas Ellis, 17-year-old AWOl
soldier, was returned to Des
Moines from Helena, Mont., to
day and ordered arraigned April
6 for the murder of an elderly
widow.
Ellis was taken into district
court shortly after his arrival on
a habeas corpus writ filed by his
attorneys, Verne Lawyer and
James McDowell.
They said the writ was a move
to get Ellis into court before
Polk County Sheriff Howard C.
Reppert and State Agent Robert
Gregson could take him to the i
home of his alleged victim to re
enact her stabbing.
Judge C. Edwin Moore dis
missed the writ and delayed ar
raignment until April 6 at the j
request ot Mcuowen and saw
yer, who said they wanted Ellis
examined by mental experts to
determine whether hcis "capable
of entering a plea."
(2AE&
A $10 first prize and ribbons
will be awarded in each of the
10 categories in which the men
can enter their work. A $25
prize will be awarded for the
most unique exhibit. Prizes are
being furnished by veterans' ad
ministration volunteer organiza
tions. Over 30 men will enter
work in the fair.
Hours for viewing the exhibit,
which is open to the public, arc i
from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. There
will be no charge.
Babson Discusses Teaching Workers
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By Roger Babson
Washington. Mar. 24 (Special
to Mail Tribune) Private own
ership has lost the support of
millions of workers. Why? Be
cause management has never
taken the time to bridge the
gap between the front office and
the shop with the romantic sto
ry of the American free enter
prise system.
The Workers' Attitude
Toward Education
"The boss gets 75 cents of
each dollar and we poor suckers
get a miserable 25 cents!"
And wait until you hear what
they think about profit reserves!
They are convinced that stock
holders have only one interest:
To grow rich by exploiting the
workers. Down with all stock
holders! Talk about advertising that
is a foolish waste of money. If
the company was really interest
1 tmTmt kjM
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... . . ., . ,. led in the worker it would give
We have assumed that the him th mnnov it cn.n.
vertising! In short, too many
wageworkers honestly believe
that stockholders rob them of a
rightful living: they think that
the government should take
over and do away with profits.
Management's Attitude
Discussed Also
schools have been giving our
youth an understanding of vari
ous economic systems and then
pointing out the advantages of
American free enterprise. The
schools have not done the job.
Ask a few simple questions of
anyone in your own family and
you will sec what I mean. They
have failed in this as in teach
ing spelling and arithmetic.
Get your ear to the ground in
your own shop and I will war
rant you will be plain scared
when you find how many work
ers believe management is just
raking in the dough. They will
even quote you figures:
viet production at a third of
America's, but believes "well
over half" of that is devoted to
arms. Russia's effort, this means,
probably equals 15 or 20 percent
of U. S. production. But the
West's entire arms output now
totals less than 10 per cent of
American production.
To match Russia, moreover, he
believes we must increase both
"the seriousness with which we
take" preparation, and the
amount of top talent we spend.
Seitz then calls for the new
OSRD "under one of the vigor
ous wartime leaders" whom sci
entists tr ;t. as an organization
"basically civilian," to explore
the military use of discoveries in
the pattern of initiative and free
dom "thnt reflects the best west
ern ideals."
Can we successfully build such
an agency?
We cannot, he warns:
Convince Scientists
1. Unless scientists can be con
vinced such a program will not
kill fundamental as contrasted
with applied science. During
the war our reserve of basic facts
on which all applications such
as radar or an A-bomb must rest
grew thin.
"The best one can hope for is
some sort of compromise." Seitz
concedes. But a stitch in time
may prevent complete upset
later.
Both industrial and university
scientists, he proposes, might
share tours of duty in the gov
ernment service.
2. Unless scientists overcome
"moral" objections to research
they feel may be "misused." Here
Professor Seitz preaencs nis
moral: "Who among us will feel
sinless if he has remained pas
sively by . . .?"
3. Unless the public abandons
its "far too optimistic picture of
our own superiority to Russia."
and prepares, if necessary, to cut
even our standard of living. If
we must wait "a Pearl Harbor."
he warns, we may already have
reached the point of "certain
defeat."
People Mutt Learn
4. Unless the people and their
representatives in Washington
finally learn the meaning of
progress, and start encouraging
instead of hounding government
scientists. For almost every sci
entist in the United States today
Is disillusioned with government
service.
Scientists. Seitz explains, be
lieve current secrecy methods
"do far more harm than good,
because they interrupt the free
flow of information" and "pro
vide a false sense of security."
Scientists feel government Inves
tigators have smeared individu
als "on grounds which bear little
resemblance to individual guilt.
They believe many congressmen
have no idea how "to obtain the
most" from our scientist.
It is by no means sure. Seitz
concludes, "that a nation in the
mldrt of a great crisis will estab
lish a successful civilian research
organization."
The Germans In World War II j
"failed miserably." because they i
controlled their scientists to 1
death, and failed to temper gov
ernment with tolerance and freedom.
Can responsible free business
survive with an antagonistic
working force? The answer to
this is an emphatic "No." Man
agement has too often looked
upon the worker as a "hired
man." With this attitude, man
agement must defend its prerog
atives, or "goodbye" to Amer
ican supremacy,
I wonder how many business
men have recognized the signifi
cance of what General Eisen
hower said about the "inscpar
ability of all the freedoms."
If you really believe thai
some of our freedoms cannot br
kept while others are flung to
the winds, then you believe that
all our personal, political and so
cial freedoms can survive only
with the survival of our ecri
nomic freedom which include;
freedom to work, to own. U.
save, to sell, to buy, to compete
and to bargain honestly withoul
the use of force by either side.
Soil American Way
Urged On Business
If you are really enthusiastic
about the American way, a sys
tem that enables six per cent ol
the world's population to out
produce the other 94 per cent,
why have you kept it a secret?
Why haven't our employees
learned that the American sys
tem provides more goods and
services for the wageworkers'
themselves than any other system
in the world in spite of its im
perfections. The time is now to sell Amer
ica. Dig up the facts. Toss out
some comparative statistics.
Bring in D. P.'s who have lived
under communism and socialism
to tell how they fared as work
ers. Use your PA system, house
organ, posters, supervisors to
give the worker information he
wants and needs.
Let him know what it costs to
own and maintain a factory, re
pair and replace equipment, pro
vide power, labor and materials,
the cost of waste . . , and don't
forget taxes!
What About Profits, '
Babson Alio Asks
There has been a lot of loose
talk about profits. We should
show wageworkers how com
pany reserves mean protection
for their jobs, how they should
encourage venture capital. A few
statistics on advertising should
be helpful reminding workers
that the fellow on the next ma
chine got his Job as a result of
the company spending more on
advertising.
It won't be hard to prove thai
the fellow who thinks it is OK
to soak the employer with taxes
is just soaking himself in the
long run. Every employee should
know how much capital it takes
to provide him with his job.
I have faith in the intelligence
of our employees: but manage
ment must build a friendly
bridge between the front offic'r
and the back shop. The free en
terprise system succeeds when
the white and blue collars work
together.
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