yWELTg MEPfORP (OREGON) MAIL TRIBPNE
Thuridir. Fbrury J 1950
What Is Workings of H-Bomb?
Theoretical Outline Explained
United Frew Science Editor
New York, Feb. 2-(U.PJ -A
hydrogen bomb could be 10
times more destructive and
lethal than the atomic bomb
that wiped out Hiroshima. Theo
reUcaUy. it could be 1000 t.mes
more powerful.
At Hiroshima, there were ap
trnvimatclv 75.000 persons kill
Yi anTanther 50.000 injured.
Probably No 8urirors
Only about one person in
very dwelling within a hau
mile of the center of the atomic
blast escaped death or serious
injury. The hydrogen bomb at
full efficiency would extend the
ring of death to far greater dis
tances and probably leave no
survivors. , .
For a city to be hit by a hydro
gen bomb would be like tossing
that entire city into the blazing
Inferno of the sun.
Just what is a hydrogen bomb
and why would it be so much
more deadly than an atomic
bomb? Scientists in the theoreti
cal know-how frankly discussed
the possibility of a hydrogen
bomb until statements in Wash
ington indicated that the govern
ment was investigating the pos
sibility of producing such a
super-duper bomb. Then the lid
was clamped down.
Theory Discussed
However, the theory of a
hydrogen bomb has been discus
sed in the technical journals for
some years and, as in the case
of atomic energy, the theory is
no secret, not even to the
Russians.
In the first place, for purposes
of simplification, the hydrogen
bomb might be called a "solar
bomb" or a "star bomb."
Those simple names are sug
gested because a hydrogen bomb
exploding would be going
through a process that goes on
constantly in the sun and other
tars.
In the case of the sun, the
world receives energy and makes
Elant and animal life possible,
uch energy, however, travels
the 93,000,000 miles separating
the earth and sun and arrives
In proper Intensity so that living
things on this planet are not
burned to a crisp or vaporized.
Mora Powerful
In the case of a man-made
"solar explosion," or bomb, the
energy would be released at close
range. The explosion might be
only 10 times, or less, as power
ful as the atomic bomb, but the
scientists before the lid was
clamped down said that it, in
theory, could be 1000 times as
powerful.
The theory of a hydrogen
bomb, or "solar bomb" is com
paratively simple. It is based on
the theory that enormous
amounts of energy are left over
when hydrogen, the lightest ele
ment known, Is changed Into
helium, the second lightest
element. In contrast, the atomic
bomb uses the heaviest elements,
uranium and plutonium.
But the operations are as dif
ferent as night and day. In the
atomic bomb, atoms are split
with the resulting release of
energy once locked up Inside the
atom. In the hydrogen bomb, ac
cording to the theory, the
energy is obtained by the build
ing up of atoms. Hence, atomic
bomb explosions are caused by
fission or a splitting; the hydro
gen, by fusion or the welding to
gether of two different elements.
Heavy hydrogen probably would
have to be used.
Goes On Constantly
A school child knows that
combining hydrogen with oxy
gen makes ordinary water. That
is, two atoms of hydrogen with
an atom of oxygen form one
molecule of water. Of course
there is no explosion when such
finiAn npnri hprflMK no new
element is being formed. In the
case of the hydrogen bomb, one
element, heavy hydrogen, is be
ing converted into another ele
ment, helium. The scientists, in
theory, have figured out tnai
such a fusion, and that they are
accounted lor in me iorm oi
energy enormous amounts of
energy. It has been pretty well
established that a somewhat
simiar change ordinary hydro
gen into helium goes on con
stantly In the sun, thus giving
us warmth and energy on earth.
It is believed that light from the
stars comes from the same
source.
In the years gone by, however.
.nlAMtjDt hAllnvoft that man-made
hydrogen-helium transmutation
would be only a dream Decause
enormous amounts of heat
more heat than any furnace
New Bakery Owners
Schedule Open House
Ashland, Feb. 2 Bill Lippy
and Nye Bernheisel, who re
cently purchased the Llthia bak
ery from Chalmers Wolfe, have
announced plans for an open
house Saturday.
The new owners were former
ly employed by Fluhrer's bak
ery In Medford. Wolfe has not
announced his future plans.
could stand would be necessary
to force the nucleus of hydrogen
into a nucleus forming helium.
The nucleus of hydrogen Is com
posed of a particle known as a
nroton and another particle
known as a neutron. The nucleus
has a positive charge, and the
law of physics sets down the rule
that positively-charged particles
repel each other. Thus, it would
be quite a trick to fuse four
positively-charged hydrogen nu
clei into a helium nucleus.
Energy Released
And that! where atomic
energy comes into the picture
again.
It is known that when uran
ium or plutonium in an atomic
bomb explodes in a chain-reaction
that tremendous amounts of
energy and heat are released.
It was such heat and energy that
develled Hiroshima and Naga
saki. On a basis of that, the
scientists may be thinking of
using exploding uranium or plut
onium to trigger, or release,
heat. That will start a chain re
action of fusion between hydro
gen atoms.
Thus, the hydrogen-helium
bomb may be a double action
operation. Atomic energy first,
and then solar energy resulting
from the fusion of hydrogen into
helium. No scientist has made a
blue print" of how the mixture
of uranium or plutonium and
hydrogen would be placed In a
"model bomb," but such "de
tails" probably may be regard;
ed as "engineering problems"
that can be overcome with the
same emphasis in force that was
exercised in the drive to make
the first atomic bomb,
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