Reds Plan Manchuria Defense
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Fortieth Year
MEDFORD, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1945.
NO. 207.
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Sharpening situation in Manchuria, which threatens Involvement
of United States, is shown on map outlining explosive points un
der contest between Nationalists and Communists.
COMMUNIST
IS FEAR IN
Chungking, Nov. 21 (U.R) An
unconfirmed Chinese govern
ment report from Peiping said
today that airfields had been
placed on the "utmost alert
against armed communists who
had attempted to prevent sup
plies from entering the city.
All persons entering the an
cient capital's 15 gates were
strictly examined to prevent
armed communists from infiltrat
ing, the dispatch said, reporting
that communists were within one
mile of an airfield in the city's
western suburb. Planes on the
field were reported within ef
fective range of rifle and ma
chine gun fire.
Death Demanded
Peiping authorities were re-
IE" AND N1TZ
TO HEAD NATION'S
Washington, Nov. 21 (U.R)
General of the Army Dwight D.
Eisenhower and Fleet Admiral
Chester W. Nimitz have been
named to head the nation's arm
ed services under circumstances
indicating today that President
Truman will insist they agree
now on a peace time national
defense program.
Mr. Truman announced yes
terday acceptance of the resigna
tion of General of the Army
George C. Marshall as chief of
staff. Marshall is 65 years old
General Ike, who is 55, will suc
ceed Marshall almost at once.
Simultaneously was announc-
Ted the resignation of Fleet Ad
miral Ernest J. King as chief of
naval operations. He will be 67
years did this week. Nimitz,
who is 60, will succeed King
about Jan. 1.
Spruance For Nimiti
Admiral Raymond Spruance,
59 years old, will succeed Nim
itz in the Pacific. Gen. Joseph
T. McNarney, a 52-year-old of
ficer, will succeed Eisenhower
as military governor of the
United States occupied zone in
Europe with headquarters in
Frankfurt, Germany.
The war department said
Eisenhower already was acting
chief of staff on an informal
basis. It is understood that he
will return to his Frankfurt
headquarters within a week be
fore formally taking over here
in Washington. Nimitz will re
turn to his fleet base in Guam to
give over command to Spruance
and vacation briefly before suc
ceeding King.
, Both the Eisenhower and
Nimitz nominations must be
confirmed by the senate. Favor
able action was assured.
Russians Holding
American Quisling
Berlin. Nov. 21 (U.R) A Rus
sian officer has advised Ameri
can authorities that Fred W. Kal
tenbach of Dubuque, la., who
broadcast nazi propaganda from
Berlin during the war. is in so
viet hands, it was learned today.
V. S. army intelligence offi
cers are searching their ranks of
prisoners for someone acceptable
to the Russians to exchange for
Kaltenbach.
NO PAPER THURSDAY
In accordance with long
established custom, and in
order to permit employes to
enjoy the holiday at home.
the Mail-Tribune will not P'-bfi
lun Thursday, inanxsgiving
day.
T Vixfenecretory
Gotei in fling too
oi danger of U S
involrtment grows
(NEA Telephoio)
INFILTRATION
OLD PEIPING
ported demanding the "immedi
ate annihilation" of any disturb
ers. A government spokesman said
three columns of the Chinese na
tionalist 13th and 52nd plunged
into Manchuria from as many
passes in the great wall. One
column reached Hsing - Cheng,
only 13 miles from the port of
Hulutao, where communists of
the 16th military zone were re
ported entrenched.
Two other columns were fan
ning out from breaches along a
60-mile section of the great wall
at Chiu Men-Know and Yi Yuan-
Kow, with the latter column
headed toward the eastern por
tion of Jehol province, govern
ment military sources said.
Armies Spread North
The 92nd and 94th armies on
the Chinese side of the gret t wall
meanwhile were spreading north
to overrun communist-held dis
tricts in northeast Hopei province
and reach other passes in the
great wall.
Nankow Pass, 50 miles north
west of Peiping was reinforced
by crack units, and government
forces also advanced on Ku Pei-
Kow, 70 miles northeast of the
capital, to remove any threat to
the security of Peiping and Tien
tsin and to guard the rear of the
Manchurian forces.
EARLY TRIAL FOR
Tokyo, Nov. 21 U.R) Japan's
top war criminals, headed by
Pearl Harbor Premier Gen. Hide
ko Tojo, will be brought to trial
in Tokyo on or about Dec. 1,
Gen. Douglas MacArthur's head
quarters disclosed today.
Col. Alva C. Carpenter, cnief
of MacArthur's legal section, re
vealed that Tojo and all the sur
viving Japanese war lords re
sponsible for the sneak attack
on Pearl Harbor will be tried
by an American court here.
Announcement of the forth
coming trials came barely 48
hours after MacArthur nad
issued an arrest order for 11 Jap
anese war leaders wanted tor
starting the war and sanctioning
atrocities against allied armies
and civilians throughout the Far
East.
Orange Prices Jumo
When Ceiling Lifted
San Francisco, Nov. 21 (U.R)
The average price of oranges
has jumped 70 per cent in the
San Francisco bay area since the
Office of Price Administration
in Washington lifted ceiling
prices last Sunday, the district
OPA charged today.
The western regional and the
district offices of the OPA are
taking "quick action" to present
facts to Washington to secure
immediate restoration" of cit
rus fruit ceilings, the district
OPA said.
ARBITRATION URGED
TO SETTLE STRIKES
Washington, Nov. 21 0J.RI
A proposal that labor and indus
try accept arbitrators' decisions
instead of resorting to strikes
and lockouts in contrast disputes
was presented the labor-management
conference today.
The proposal was withdrawn
by the drafting committee al
most immediately, however, to
permit "minor" alterations. It
marked the second time the com
mittee had submitted an arbitra
tion proposal and then wi;h
drawn it.
Victory Loan Bonds provide
cash in an emergency and
i security in tin luliue.
CIO ALiS WARD STRIKE TO WORK STOPPAGES
20 NAZI LEADERS
OF EVIL
SAYS PROSECUTOR
Innocent Pleas Entered by
Each Defendant As United
Nations Open Prosecution
Nuernberg, Nov. 21 U.R)
The 20 nazi leaders facing the
united nations bar of justice
pleaded innocent today to
charges of waging aggressive
war against humanity.
One after another they rose
before the tribunal and stated
"not guilty" to the four counts
of the indictment.
Nuernberg, Nov. 21 (U.R)
Ernst Kaltenbrunner took a
sudden turn for the worse to
night, and a physician said
"There is nothing that can
possibly be done for him ex
cept wait and watch him die."
Kaltenbrunner suffered a
cranial hemorrhage Sunday
night.
Justice Robert N. Jackson
chief American prosecutor, then
opened the prosecution's case
against the score of "broken
men" with a ringing demand for
their conviction as a step toward
prevention of future war.
Symbols of Evil
Jackson told the four-power
tribunal sitting in the palace of
Justice that the nazi leaders were
symbols of evil. They must be
found guilty, he said, to show
the world that international
greed and cruelty cannot go un
punished.
Hermann Goering, top man on
the list of defendants, was first
to lead. Looking at a prepared
statement, he said curtly "not
guilty."
Austere Hjalmar Schacht, nBzi
financial wizard, said "I am in
no way guilty." Walter Funk,
former economics minister, said
"I do not consider myself guilty."
Goering then attempted to ad
dress the court, but was halted.
After the other defendants had
stepped one by one to the dock
microphone, Goering again rose
as though to speak. He was
quickly silenced, and sat down
sulkily.
"Nein" Says Hess
Rudolf Hess, when called, said
"nein," British Lord Justice Sir
Geoffrey Lawrence said "That
will be entered as a plea of not
guilty." Spectators laughed for
the first time, and Sir Geoffrey
threatened to clear the court
room. British Lord Justice Sir Geof
frey Lawrence announced that
the tribunal had rejected a joint
motion by the defendants which
claimed that the court was il
legal because there was no basis
for it in international law.
DErM CLAIMS
Manila, Nov. 21 (U.R) Gen.
Tomoyuki Yamashita was de
scribed by his chief of staff, Lt.
Gen. Akiro Muto today as a kind
ly commander who never con
doned any atrocities in the
Philippines and who, in fact, or
dered the prisoners of war be
well-treated.
Muto was the first witness
called as the defense began its
attempt to prove Yamashita in
nocent of a 123-count indictment
as a war criminal.
Waves Returning
With 3,788 GIs
San Francisco, Nov. 21 (U.R)
Eleven vessels returning
3,788 armed forces personnel,
including 500 WAVES, were
scheduled to dock here today.
The ship includes the Presi
dent Monroe, with 2,169; car
rier Nassau, 663, hospital ship
Rescue, 748; and eight small
craft, each with a few aboard.
GEN. DeGAULLE FORMS
COMPROMISE CABINET
Paris, Nov. 21 U.R) Gen.
Charles DeGaullc succeeded to
day in forming a compromise
cabinet, including communist
ministers, with himself as chief
of government, chief of armies,
and director of national defense.
The cabinet was composed of
six socialists, six popular repub
licans, five communists, two in
dependents, one radical and one
amtiuate.
FOR ARMY, NAVY
Convention Also Criticizes
State Department; Would
Assist War Sufferers.
Chicago. Nov. 21 (U.R)
John Stelle, former governor
of Illinois, today was elected
national commander of the
American Legion.
Mrs. Walter G. Craven,
Charlotte, N. C was elected
president of the American Le
gion Women's Auxiliary.
Chicago, Nov. 21 (U.R) Dele
gates to the 27th national con
vention of the American Legion
passed resolutions today enriois
ing a unified military command
and criticizing the state depart
ment by charging that "muny
of our representatives abroad do
not represent adequately our na
tional interests."
The convention delegates ad
vocated a single command of
army, navy and air forces "on
an equal basis."
On adopting the report of its
foreign relations committee, del
egates to the 27th American Le
gion convention took the stand
that "we cannot leave the world
alone because the world will not
leave us alone."
Would Aid Ravaged
The Legionnaires end o r e d
assistance "to the utmost" for
those peoples "who suffered the
ravages of invasion and are still
in dire need." 1
"We particularly commend for
this purpose our loyal friends
in the Philippines who fought
along side us on Bataan and who
suffered much ruin after its
fall," the Legion said.
The Legion reaffirmed Its ap
proval of the United Nations or
ganization. It said that the UNO
"can succeed only through the
good faith of all member na
tions." The Legion's employment
committee report reaffirmed its
demand that veterans be given
job seniority on the basis of their
time in service.
Willard Eberhart
Named Manager Of
U. P. At Honolulu
Willard Eberhart, manager of
the Seattle bureau of the United
Press for the past four years,
left yesterday for San Francisco
from where he will take a plane
for Honolulu to assume manager
ship of the Hawaiian bureau of
United Press. Eberhart is the
son-in-law of Mr. and Mrs. Er
nest Gilstarp. 35 Geneva street
Mrs. Eberhart and small son will
reside with her parents until Mr.
Eberhart can make housing ar
rangements in Honolulu.
Eberhart, a native of Eugene,
graduated from the University of
Oregon in 1934 and began his
newspaper career the same year
as city editor of the Ashland
Daily Tidings. In November of
1937 he went to Portland as an
employe of United Press, becom
ing manager of the Seattle bu
rcau in May of 1941.
Robert Benchley
Passes Suddenly
New York, Nov. 21 (U.R)
Robert Benchley, humorist and
actor, died today at the Hirkness
pavilion of Presbyterian hospital.
Benchley. who was 56. died
after a cerebral hemorrhage. He
entered the hospital Saturday.
His death was described is "sud
den." A native of Wooster, Mass.,
Benchley lived at Scarsdale.
N. Y. He is survived by his
widow, Mrs. Gertrude Dowling
Benchley. and two sons. Robert
J., and Licut.-Cmdr. Nathaniel
G. Benchley.
John T. Homer, Jr.,
Hurt In Smashup
John T. Homer, Jr., 16, route
1, Central Point, was relea'ed
from Community hospital this
morning following treatment of
injuries received this morning
in an accident on North Peach
street, according to city police
and hospital reports.
Homer, operating a motor
scooter, collided with a car op
erated by E. C. Rice, 910 Wost
11th street, according to police.
He suffered slight head and knee
iiyWitjj jjiulite eU
J
Fleet Commander Removed
After Arguing With F. R.,
Pearl Investigators Are Told
Washington, Nov. 21 (U.R)
Adin. J. O. Richardson said to
day that the only explanation he
ever got for being removed as
commander of the U. S. fleet in
1941 was that he had "hurt the
president's feeling."
Richardson, who told the Pearl
Harbor investigating committee
he had argued vigorously against
the president's order to base the
fleet at Hawaii, said the ex
planation was given to him by
the then secretary of the navy,
Frank Knox.
He testified that he .was de
tached from the fleet command
Feb. 1, 1941 four months after
his latest argument with Presi
dent Roosevelt although ho had
expected to remain in the com
mand at least another yeav.
Prepared For War
Richardson also told the com
mittee that the navy drafted
fleet dispersal plans at the ad
ministration's request, based on
the assumption that the United
States was "prepared to accept
war If Japan took aggressive
action following British reopen
ing of the Burma supply road
to China in 1940.
He said Mr. Roosevelt was
considering the feasibility of
establishing a naval blockade
against Japanese shipping in the
Pacific if Japan reacted aggres
sively to the road reopening.
Richardson said his first argu
ment with Mr. Roosevelt over
basing the fleet at Pearl Harbor
where the president thought it
would be a deterrent to Japanese
aggression occurred at the
White House Oct. 8, 1940. Rich
ardson opposed basing the fleet
at Hawaii on ground. that it
could not be successfully defend
ed or supplied there. He wanted
to return it to the west coast.
He argued that It would be more
effective there as a deterrent to
Japanese war leaders.
Was Surprised '
The admiral said the order
for his detachment came to him
in January, 1941, and he was
surprised."
He told the committee he was
relieved Feb. 1, 1941, by Adin
Husband E. Kimmol, who in turn
was relieved after the Pearl
Harbor defeat.
Richardson said Knox told
him and other high ranking nav
al officers that President Roose
FREIGHT
BEGINS WORK ON
INAL HERE
Construction work began to
day on a new $20,000 terminal
building, to be located on the
Pacific highway north beyond
the Big Y market, for the Sys
tem Freight company which has
headquarters in Los Angeles.
Claude C. Thompson, traveling
freight agent for the firm, states
that the terminal is to be ready
for use about Jan. 1.
The building, which will be
erected by Miles Stewart, own
er of the Tru-Mix company, will
be 40 by 50 feet and of concrete
and iron construction. The de
sign will permit additions at low
cost, it was said.
Thompson stated that System
Freight service was rapidly ex
panding its facilities here. Since
July when the firm began oper
ating a station here at the plant
of the Signal Oil company, em
ployes have been increased frcm
eight to 18 and more will be
added to the staff in the near
future since this has been .nade
the division accounting service
for the territory between Red
ding and Salem, Thompson said.
Thompson, in charge of the
company's operations for the ter
ritory between Sacramento and
Portland, resides at 1002 West
Eleventh street
GALE WARNING
San Francisco, Nov. 21 (U.R)
The Weather Bureau ordered
small craft warnings hoisted at
7 a. m. today from Cape Blanca,
Ore., to Astoria, Ore., supple
menting storm warnings in ef
fect since 9 p. m. last night from
Astoria to Tatooscb, Wash.
Whole gale winds with veloci
ties of from 55 to 75 miles an
hour are expected In the storm
warning area, the Weather Bu-
man tcpoitsd.
velt was concerned over possible
Japanese reaction to Britain's
reopening of the Burma road.
He said Mr. Roosevelt proposed
blockading Japanese shipping in
the Pacific if Japan took aggres
sive action.
The British had closed the
road, over which supplies were
going to China, and later reopen
ed it with this country's approv
al.
Richardson was expected to
complete his testimony today.
The committee planned to ques
tion Adm. William F. Leahy next
to learn whether he remembers
hearing Mr. Roosevelt predict in
October, 1940, that this country
ultimately would go to war with
Japan. Richardson testified
earlier this week about the pre
diction, which he said was made
in the presence of both him and
Leahy.
JAPS WITHHELD
PRISONER DATA
Tokyo, Nov. 21 (U.R) The
Japanese army withheld infor
mation on more than half of Its
102 prisoners of war camps In
Japan and Manchuria and failed
to account for 7,000 allied pris
oners and internees, the Inter
national Red Cross charged to
day.
The Red Cross, in a report
which also told of the execution
of a Swiss missionary and his
wito by a Japanese firing squad
two years ago, disclosed that
actually 34,000 prisoners were
taken instead of 27,000 reno.lod
by the Japanese. Names of
many of the dead and missing
never appeared on Japanese war
prisoner lists, the Red Cross srild.
The announcement came as
Gen. Douglas MacArthur sternly
ordered uie Japanese govern
ment to submit complete infor
mation on the location of bodies
of dead prisoners of war and
other allied personnel before
uec. 13.
School Holiday
Thursday, Friday
Both city and country schools
will be closed Thursday and
Friday for the Thanksgiving
holiday, and many dismissed
classes early this afternoon after
Thanksgiving programs. High
school students held a pep as
sembly this morning in prepara
tion for the championship foot
ball game Thursday between
Grant high school of Portland
and the Medford Tornado.
Thursday all federal, county
and city offices, as well as most
other places of business, will be
closed, and the Mail Tribune
will not be Issued. Many
churches are holding special
Thanksgiving services.
AUTHOR DIES
Richmond, Va., Nov. 21 (U.R)
Ellen Glasgow, the widely
known author of "In This Our
Life," whirh won the Pulitzer
award in 1B42, died today of a
heart attack.
Bond Buying Boosted $98,000
By Elks Rally Show at Holly
Sales of "E" series Victory
bonds in Jackson county were
boosted $98,000 by the appear
ance here of Jack Dempsey, for
mer world's heavyweight boxing
champion, and the bond rally
show given last night at tl.e Holly
theater by the Victory Bond
committee and the Medford Elks'
lodge, sponsors of the drive.
Eleven hundred persons crowd
ed Into the theater for the show,
it was reported this morning.
Dempsey, now a lieutenant
commander In the coast guard,
received an enthusiastic welcome
from the rally audience, and
spoke briefly in behalf of the
bond drive. The former champ
is touring the state with Oregon
War Finance committee and left
today for Portland. Also speak
ing was Chief Specialist Harvey
Twinum, navy war correspond
ent and the first correspondent
into Tokyo, who recounted some
of his experiences, and F. T.
Garesche. exalted ruler of the
T
FOOTBALL CLASH
Whillock Suffers Broken
Nose, Clark Said Doubtful
Starter in Crucial Game.
The Medford-Grant football
game will be broadcast play-by-play
over Radio Station
KMED tomorrow afternoon,
beginning at 2 o'clock, it was
announced today.
The United States weather bu
reau has forecast cloudy weather
with occasional rains for tomor
row afternoon when Medford and
Grant of Portland high schools
clash at Medtord stadium in the
semi-finals of the Oregon high
school prep football champion
ship. Winner will meet the win
ner of Saturday's game between
Hood River and Cottage Grove
at Portland's Multnomah Sta
dium Dec. 1 for the state title.
Grant In Workout
Grant players arrived in Med
ford by special bus last night
and were to have taken a light
workout on the local turf this
afternoon. They are reported to
be in good shape for the game,
which has been called for 2
o'clock.
Coach Al Simpson was to put
his Black Tornado through a
skull drill today, following a pep
assembly at the high school this
morning.
Howard Whillock, first string
tackle, suffered a broken nose in
practice last night, but will be
ready to play, Simpson said.
Jerrv Clark, right halfback, who
had a shoulder separation at
North Bend, Is a doubtful starter
since the Injury is not respond
ing satisfactorily to treatment.
His place will be taken by Jerry
Hunter In event he is unable to
play. The rest of the squad is in
nood shaDO. the mentor said.
General admission tickets
were selling slowly at mid-morning
after about 25 persons waited
in line for the office to open at
7:30 o'clock. Extra bleacher seats
are being installed around the
field and seating accommodations
for about 9,000 people will be
available, school officials said.
Camp White has purchased 500
general admission seats and
brought their own bleachers.
federTIrt
panel selected
Names of southern Oregon
citizens who may may be called
for trial and grand jury service
for the regular term of United
States court here In December
have been drawn In Portland
according to a release received
from that city today. Judge
James Alger Fee will preside
over the term, sot to open Dec.
5.
Paul Hanlin, assistant United
States marshal stationed here,
stated that no information has
been received here at yet con
cerning the venire or cases to
be set for the December term.
dinator of the Victory Queen
contest.
Victory Bond queen contest
ants were introduced and pre
sented with bouquets of flowers.
Introduced were Miss Margaret
Rut' Bolton, Kiwanis club con
testant; Miss Vivian Linclqulst.
Junior Chamber of Commerce:
Mrs. Jackie Allworth. Elks' club
candidate, and Miss Nina Tuttle,
Rotary club contestant.
A musical program featured
the navy orchestra from Camp
White, piano numbers by Lewis
T. Eanes, and violin solos by
William Fuhrberg, navy men
from Camp White, and vocal
solos by Miss Dorothy Raub. Red
Cross worker from Camp White,
who was accompanied by Roger
Wolf, Medford navy man station
ed at the camp.
Sgt. Don Safford of Camp
White was master of ceremonies
and Mel Plaskett, exalted ruler
of the Medford Elks' lodge, in
troduced Lt Cmdr. Dempsey and
L
WALKOUT DOUBLES
OF IDLE
Montgomery Ward Stores
to Be Struck in 12 Cities
Tie Up Motor Plants.
Washington, Nov. 21 (U.R)
President Truman ordered
immediate seisure of the trans
portation facilities of the Capi
tal Transit Co. here after street
car and bus operators voted
overwhelmingly not to end
their second walkout in two
weeks.
Chicago, Nov. 21 (U.R) Sam-.,
uel Wolchok, president of the
United Retail, Wholesale and De
partment Store Employes (CIO)
today asked union members em
ployed by Montgomery Ward
anrl Company in 12 cities to
strike for one week, beginning
next Monday.
Wolchok said the stoppage
would be the first In a scries of
"demonstrations" to force the
company to arbitrate the union's
demands for wage increases and
a union shop.
The strike will affect Wardi
In Chicago. Albany, N. Y., Den
ver, Jamaica, N. Y., Trenton,
N. J., Detroit, Dearborn and
Royal Oak, Mich., Kansas City,
Mo., Barre, N. Y., Amsterdam,
N. Y and Fort Dodge, la.
Company officials were not
available for comment on the
threatened stoppage.
By United Press
The CIO United Auto Workere
today began a nationwide strike
against the giant General Motors
corporation.
The work stoppage, expected
to involve about 350.000 work
ers in 115 plants if it becomes
100 per cent effective, was the
largest single strike ever called.
It would more than double the
330.000 American workers al
ready idle In labor disputes.
The strike began officially at
11 a. m. (EST). But more than
8,000 workers jumped the gun
an hour by leaving the Flint,
Mich., Buick Motors division at
10 a. m. Buick had laid off 3,000
other employees last-week be
cause of a shortage of body parti.
Spreads Fast
The strike spread quickly as
the 11 a. m. deadline passed.
Across the nation GM plant
closed as picket lines were es
tablished. Two telephone workers' un
ions, with a total of 12.500 mem
bers, announced last night that
they would respect picket lines
set up by S.'foO Illinois toll oper
ators, striking to press demands
for a $6 weekly pay boost.
S. F. Safeway Picketed
San Francisco housewives to
day found their task of seeking
scarce bread and milk for
Thanksgiving dinner complicated
by closure of 78 Safeway gro
cery stores picketed by the AFL
bakery wagon drivers' union.
Three Seattle newspapers re
mained closed for the third day
in a strike called by the AFL
International Typographical un
ion local 202. The printers were
holding firm to a $2.95 wage in
crease demanded while employ
ers refused to pay more than
$1.65.
Striking CIO and AFL ma
chinists in the San Francisco
bay area notified shipyards that
any action on wages taken by
the shipyard conference in Spo
kane would not be binding on
them. Approximately 13,000 ma
chinists are on strike in de
mands for higher wages, and 42.
000 other craftsmen have been
idled.
Navy Reduction
To Free 150,000
Washington, Nov. 21 U.R)
The navy today announced fur
ther reduction In the critical
point scores of male enlisted
personal which make an addi
tional 150,000 men eligible for
release by Jan. 1.
On Dec. 1. the critical score
for the majority of male enlist
ed personnel, previously set at
39, will be reduced to 38. On
Dec. 15, the score will be re
duced to 37 and on Jan. 1 to 36.
TO SEE CHIANG
Chungking, Nov. 21 (U.R) A
party of American officials in
cluding Artemus Gates, under
secretary of the navy, was re
ported coming here to meet Gen
eralissimo Chiang Kai-Shek,
probably today if weather per-
J milted.
UUiU aycaluij.
1