M
Mail Trip! jne
s
The Weather
EDFOED
Temperatures
I'll I r IiuiIkIiO ll ml Tuesday. Nul
Highest yesterday 61
liouost UiU morning its
UlUl'll I'lllllIKO III tclllKM11llllT'.
Dally Twenty-fourth Year.
ttwUy t'ifty-elihth Yeir.
MEDFORD, OltlSClOX, MONDAY, OCTOKKli J8, lSttA.
No. 219.
Today
By Arthur Brisbane
Dizzy, but Better.
The President on Wages.
inn Rillinn a Ypqr
n Years or Mussolini.
(Copyrlsht by King . Featurea
Syndicate, Inc.)
Wall Street's big stock mar
ket opened quietly Saturday.
There was u slight dizziness,
as of one that has fallen from
a hummock while Bleeping. But
prices are better.
President Hoover's assertion
of the soundness of national
prosperity reassures many.
The president, as he proved
when in charge of the depart
ment of commerce, under
stands business as few men do
in the United States.
- His mind, thoroughly train
ftl, is not deceived by appear
ances or hopes.
When he says "The funda
.mcutal business of the country
is on a sound and prosperous
basis," the people may rely
upon it that he knows.
Most interesting in his state
ment are the words, "There
has been a tendency of wages
to increase, and the output per
worker in many industries
again shows an increase, all of
which shows a healthy condi
tion." ,
Many foolishly believe that
prosperity can be built on low
wages and cheap production.
President Hoover knows bet
ter. The basis of prosperity is
high wages that make it pos
sible for workers to purchase
)t merely Jifo's , necessities,
but the most important luxur
ies, automobiles, radios, bath
tulis, electric washing ma
chines. m
The annual American rev
enue is above one hundred
thousand million dollars and
Frederick II. Eckcr, president
of the Metropolitan Life In
surance company, shows that
wage earners get more than
sixty billions of the total of
one hundred billions. They
need forty billions for the cost
of living, leaving twenty bil
lions for investment, savings,
and the pleasures and luxuries
of life.
Stock gamblers may worry,
but there is nothing the mat
ter with the national prosper-
You arc reminded that one
man can change conditions
throughout an entire nation, by
Italy's celebration, this week,
of the seventh anniversary of
Mussolini's rise to power.
What that man has accomp
lished will remain one of the
(Continued on Page Four)
"I don't believe I've ever eeen
many wlvea out of employment
e ther ere today," remarked Lafe
Bud, today. It'a a mighty fine o'
Col. Lindbergh to be lookln' for
.ancient Mayan rulne, but what
Vihie country hopea ia that It'll
' never have to hunt fer Col. Lindbergh.
PANT AG ES
GUILTY 13
Unanimous Agreement on
Sentence to Prison Is
Reached At 9:29 Sunday
Night Sentence Friday,
One to Fifty Years
'Fight to Finish,' Is Word
to Attorneys.
I,OS ANQHLES. Oct. 2S.(P)
Haggard from a sleepless night,
Alexander Pantages, theatre multi
millionaire, convicted last night of
a statutory offense against Eunice
Pringle, 17 year old dancer, today
followed county jail routine and
laid plans to carry on his fight for
freedom.
At his request a jail hospital in
terne gave him a sleeping potion
last night. "Hut I couldn't sleep
Just kept worrying," Pantages said
today.
"What did the Jury meun by
that word 'clemency'," ho asked.
When told that It was an appeal
for mercy, Pantages brightened,
but became dejected again when it
was further explained that the
court could but send him to prison
for the one to fifty years pre
scribed by law.
"I got a raw deal,' ho declared.
"The jury shouldn't have convicted
a yellow dog on the evidence
against me. Hut I'm going to ask
for a new trial and I think I'll get
It. If 1 don't my attorneys are
going to appeal. We will win that.
I'hch Mop in Cell
During the morning the man
who made tho beginning of a for
tune in the resorts of the Yukon
was given a bucket and mop and
told to clean up his coll. Puntuges
had been unable to eat jull food,
he said, and tin orange and apple
he had bought from tho Jail store
went -untouched: " '
"Like the old times up in Alas
ka, isn't it?" a cell mate asked as
the theatre magnate mopped.
Pantages did not answer.
LOS ANGELES, Oct. 28. (
From a beginning in the gold
flecked resorts of the Yukon,
where ho struggled first us a
waiter and then rh a danco hall
owner to lay the foundation upon
which ho later built a huge for
tune through n chain of vaudeville
theaters bearing his name, Alex
ander Pantages today occupied a
cell in the county Jail and faced
the end of his trail branded with
conviction of a statutory offense
against Eunice Pringle. a 17-year-old
university dancer.
After deliberating slightly over
53 hours, after being given the
case at 4:17 p. m. Friday, the
jury of soven women and five
men at 9:29 o'clock Sunday eve
ning returned a verdict of guilty,
demanding a sentence to state's
prison. Next Friday morning was
set by Superior Judge Charles W.
Krlcke for tho Imposing of sen
tence, which is prescribed by law
as one to fifty years. The mini
mum and maximum length of the
sentence, which must be set by
the prison board following one
year's service, may be determined
somewhat by tho jury's recom
mendation that clemency be ex
tended. right to Finish
The 54-year-old multimillionaire
theater man, tried and convicted
of nn attack upon Miss Prlng'e
in a tiny conference room ad
joining his suite of offices In the
Pantages Theater building last
August 9. immediately was re
manded to the custody of the sher
iff. He will remain In jail pend
ing the action on motions for i
new trial and appeals, which will
be made at the time of sentenc
ing Friday. Ills trio of attorney
ci noted pant aires n" declaring he
would "fight It out" to the finish.
Mrs. Lota Pantages. wife of the
convicted man, confined to her
home suffering from shock and i 1 1
news as the result of her convic
tion September 21 on a man
slaughter charge for the death of
.lino Itokumoto In an automobile
accident, broke Into tears when
told of' the verdict. She made
no statement, however, and her
physicians said she was In n seri
ous condition. She Is nt liberty
under $50,00(1 ball pending a
hearing on her appeal for proba
tion. Mins Pringle. likewise, was not
In court when the verdict was
read. Reached In her room In a
downtown hotel where she has
lived with her mother. Mrs. Iewls
Pringle, during- the trial, the glti
expressed satisfaction over the ver
dict and recommendations of the
Jury.
C.lrl U (Had
"I am very glad of the result,
and so glad that the whole sor
did thing Is over." she said "I
have felt all along that only a ver
dict of guilty could le returned.
I told the truth on the witness
stand and feel that I did my
duty."
Apparently much dejected, but
VEW
(Continued on Paga Eight)
P. A, 7 Planes Are
Named After High
Peaks Of Coast
5 Don't bo surprised If somo-
$ one hails you and says, "I'm
flying north today on the Kit.
Shasta," for all mail-passon-
tier planes of Pacific Air
! transport wore today doslgn- 4
ated by the name of western t
S mountain, printed on the 4
ship's rudder. H
The names chosen for the fr
E planes which shuttle back S
and forth on the 1100-mile
air span between Los Angeles,
Med ford and Seattle are: $
8 Kainier, Shasta, Lassen, Mc-
fr Kinley, Adams, Mood, Cus-
cade, Baker and and Diablo. ' 8
Thousands of Speculative
Accounts Wiped Out By
Continued Break in Values
Leading Issues Fall Ten
to Fifty Points Haggard!
Traders Watch Ticker
Tape.
By Stanley W. PrcnoMI
Associated Press Financial Editor.
NEW YORK. Oct. 28. yp) The
stock market wont Into another
terrific nose diva today, breaking
through tho low levels established
In last Thursdaya record breaking
session, as prices of scores of lead
ing issues crashett SlOto nearly
$50 a share, with final quotations
around tho low levels of tho day,
Net declines In the active Issues
were the largest since tho selling
movement started about a week
ago. The ticker wan reported to
he 87 minutes behind the market
when tho final gong sounded.
Closing quotations and net de
clines of some of the other leading
shares follow:
(Continued on Pngo KIrIH)
UNIVERSITY OF
MEET TONIGHT
Making a tour of tho state, for
the purpose of interesting niumnl
and parents In the university. Dr.
Arnold Bennett Hall, presiaent of
the University of Oregon, Mr. and
Airs. Walter M. Cook, Alfred Pow
ers. Mrs. J. F. Hill and Marion
lhy, secretary to the university
president, arrived In the city last
night, had a busy day und will
climax their visit with an alumni
banquet at the Hotel Medford to
night. Mrs. Cook, who In prerldent of
the Oregon Mothers association,
and Mrs. Hill, president of the
Portland group of Mothers, are
concerned primarily with meeting
the mothers of university students
in the cities of the slate und enlist
ing their cooperation and Interest
In campus programs and activities
I leading a group of over 7on
mothers In Portland, Mrs. Hill Is
distributing to the mothers thru
out tiie state, a comprehensive out
line pf the studies, programs of
activity and campus soclul life at
Oregon, in order to "bring the
parents Into the university."
Dr. Hull spuke at the Kiwunls
club luncheon this nonn on the
subject, "The CnlverMty and He
search." At two-thirty, he spoke
before a high school assembly on
"Philosophy of Life."
Around ho alumni and parents
are expected to attend the banquet
nt the Hotel Medford this evening
at 6:30, at which the foundation
for the local organization of par
ents and alumni will be laid. !
President Hall, Mrs. Cook. Mrs. i
Hill, iJean Alfred Powem of the
university extension department. ('.
T. linker, president of the Med
ford Alumni association, will speak
on the program. Itefore leaving
for Grants Pass tomorrow, the
party will be escorted to the new
airport to Inspect the field and
Its equipment. Dr. 1111 In sched
uled to speak nt thn high reboot
In Grants Pass at 11 o'clock.
This fs tho eleventh city visited
by the party. That she, personally.!
will visit every city and town In
Oregon where two' or morn uni
versity mothers are located, was a
statement made by Mrs. Conk Ihl
noon.
NOSE GIVE
IN MARKET
UNCHECKED
ORE
ALUMNI TO
AVIATOR ON ATLANTIC FLIGHT
Urban F. Dlteman, jr., of
plane, the Golden Hind, a tiny
off from Harbor Grace, N. F
Dispute Over Inheritance
Believed Cause of Murder
Kansas Farmer and Step
Daughter Land Had Oil
Possibilities.
AHKANSAS CITY. Kas.. Oct. 28
(A1) Three men wore held today
and a fourth .was sought for the
slaying of Carl Joiich, U7-yoar-old
farmer und his step-daughter,
Elizabeth Walworth, 25, at their
farm homo four miles northwest
of here Saturday night.
John Phelan Jones, father of
Carl Jones, and Clarence "Wal
worth, 25, brother of the slain girl
was held at Wliifleld and Neil
Jones, brother of the slain man
was held here. All live at Augus
ta. Officers sought Harry Jones,
another brother of Carl, who
works , for a refinery company ut
McCainuy, Texas.
No chat-Res had been filed but
county Attorney IS. T. Hlnoiner ((f
Wliifleld said he was confident
"we 'will clear this up in 24 hours."
Dispute over land which was
willed to Carl Jones by his mother
upon her death last summer was
seen by officers as a possible mo
tive for the sluyings. The land was
believed to have oil possibilities.
Jones's body was found about
100 yards west of tho house, part
of his head blown away by a shot
gun charge. The body of his
daughter was lying In the front
room of the home. Her fingers
still clutched a revolver but she
apparently hod no opportunity to
use It. The shot which caused her
death was fired through a screen
door.
VIRDEN LOWERS AIR
TO
SEATTLE, Oct. 28. fpiKlyinf:
tho 3115 miles between Medford and
Oakland in one hour and forty
minutes today In a Pnciflc Air
Transport Blilp, Pilot Ralph Vlr
dlu averaged 20 1 miles an hour
and broke his own record of two
hours fend 17 mlntiten lor for the
hop.
Vlidrn. piloting a Hoeing 40-H-4
type regular mall ship, carried
three passengers and a good load
of mull on the Jump.
ninin Tiinrr mlrmmiTO iriwr
iiulu mutt mmmwb mt
FARIVI SLAYINGGUCHES CAR AS
FOURTHSOUGHT ; POLICEPU RS U E
Fire Laddies Play Tag On Brewery
Roof With Sweet-Singer In Chicago
CIHCAOO, Oct. 2H. bP) Two
hundred firemen can be wrong,
and a canary, no matter how sweet
he tweet. An awful bother.
The firemen one squad, three
truck and four engine companies,
not lo mention the fire boat crew
converged at Hchocnhofen's
brewery and scanned the area for
n fire, A walling wonmn, wring
ing her hands, rushed forward.
"Hilly boy, my Hilly boy!" she
cried In anguish. "Savo my Hilly
boy."
She pointed. High on lha brew
ery roof was Hilly boy, tweeting.
Associated Press Photi
Billings, Mont., standing beside hi
Barling monoplane, In which he took
for London.
Holdup Men Abandon Car
- Cn Keene Way Shots in
Air Fail to Halt Pair
Were Seen in Ashland
Early Sunday Morning.
Kil (iuches of Grirrin Creek, the
victim of .the holdup picn on
Riverside avenue, taking cash and
his uulomohllc Saturday night, has
recovered the car, hut was still
out $-10 today. Tho machine was
recovered early yesterday morning
following a chose of several miles
when Police Officers McKibbon.
Dizney und J.eggitt of Medford
pursued tho car from tho county
falrgroundH to tho end of Kust
Main street. Officers fired several
times into the ulr in an effort to
stop the fugitives but wore unsuc
cessful. The sedan was found n short
time later abandoned on Keene
Way, where the two holdup men
had left It. fleeing on foot In the
early morning darkness.
(luches was held up on Hlver
sMu avenue when two men, both
young-and one fairly well drcssd,
at lliu point of a pistol made him
drivo out to a lonely spot on Hoss
Lane, where they took his money
and car, telling him not to call the
police for four hours, at tiie end
of wlilch time they would call him
hy telephone, telling him where his
car could be found. However.
luehes lost no time in notifying
the authorities, who telephoned of
ficers north and south of Medford.
Hern III A-hland
City Traffic OfHcer Sam Prcs
cott of Ashland saw the Ouches
atiio In Ashland early In the morn
ing stoppeil In front of a service
Ntiition and started to walk over
to the car, but the two occupants,
whose description resembled that
tiX tiie two men who robbeit
Guehes, drove away headed toward
Medford. The Ashland officer
telephoned Mr d ford police and
thrrt local officers awaited the cur
nt the fair grounds, but the police
were nimble to slop the llenlng
cit', which narrowly missed mak
ing the J urn at Riverside avenue
and .Main,
The car went out Mast Main and
huh abandoned on Keen Way, a
shott distance front the end of the
street.
1 I n t tn lion Chief Thomas fleary
' confesses to no especial love of
ililids. but he Is broad minded. He
ordered the ladders up. The nim
I hie fire laddies began risking their
' ite'-kH, leaping und diving and
i sliding about the Kebnehofen roof.
The canary thought it was a game,
or something. He kept one hop
I ahead, not forgetting to tweet.
I-'iimlly the fireman saw the
i futility of it nil. They Kot down
and put tho ladders bark on the
; tricks,
j The trucks, home bound, went
I elsng.clang.
I The canary went tweet-tweet.
n
XECUIION
SI GROWS
I MOSCOW
Two Proniment Jewish Mer
chants Added to Victims
of Soviet Firing Squad
26 Rich Peasants Have
Lost Lives Death List to
Date Placed At 63.
MOSCOW, Oct. 28. (tV) Two
prominent Jewish diamond mer
chants, Kleiner and TelU, were
executed by a firing squad today
for smuggling diamonds out of
Soviet Russia.
Their deaths brought to a total
of f!3 known executions in soviet
Kussia In the last four days for
vnriotitt alleged offenses, most of
them political.
The two Jews were charged with
getting the diamonds out through
officials of the Latvian legation
and Importing Illicit rubles pur
chased abroad at reduced rates.
Tho presidium of the contrail
executive committee, tho highest
executive body of tho Soviet Union,
rejected the prisoners' plea for
clemency.
Opposition to government poli
cies has cost 20 kulaks, or rich
peasants, tn various parts of Soviet
Russia their lives.
Tass, official news agency, today
said that a number had been exe
cuted after Investigation of gov
ernment agents Into enormous dlf
flculelts In gathering ( grain fwjm
the peasantry and converting small
peasant farms Into largo collective
farms.
PeuKuniH Hunt Grain
Of tho 20 rich peasants oxecutcd
15 met death at different points In
Novoslbersk either for opposing a
government project or deliberately
burning their grain to provcut the
authorities from taking It.
'Two' priestfTHiid tmr fhiri"poiiH-
anU were shot at Guri, near Ivan
ovna-Vusnelsenslc, whoro tho local
cemetery was Included In a new
government collective farm, for
spreading the rumor tho govern
ment would destroy (hi; graves and
close tho church. Tho peasant
neighbors of tho dead men took
severe reprisal measures.
In the yillago of Maly Pcnky, In
tho same' district, two brothers
named Korehangl, wero shot for
opposing tho establishment of a
collective farm by burning their
grain and terrorizing local com
munists. Death sentences wero pronounc
ed yesterday on four members of
tho reorajensky church, Kimrl,
Moscow province, for "counter
revolutionary activity." Others
Identified with tho church received
prison terms.
AIRPLANE LOST
Big Indian Air Liner Forced
Down At Sea Taken in
Tow By Steamer Line
Parts in Storm Women
Among Passengers.
OK.VOA. Italy. Oct. 2S. (A) Two
bodies, those of the pilot and a
passenger, of the City of Home,
Imperial Airways Indian Air liner
which was lost near Spczfa Satur
day, have heen recovered.
The wreck of the plane Is be
lieved to have taken place Satur
day night resulting In the deaths
of seven persons, Including u wom
an, who were aboard.
Tho steamer Kainlglia sighted
the plane which hud landed be
cause of a storm about fifty miles
off Vturcgglo and took It In tow to
a point ten miles southwest of
Tfno inland, As night fell the
weather grew worse and tho Ka
mlgllo's tov.llne broke. Finally tho
Kamlglla lost touch with tho plane
and decided to make for Spnzla
whero tho author II les arranged
rescue measures sending throe de
stroyers, one torpedo boat, one
auxiliary and hydro-air planes.
Search for the City of Hume was
carried on nil day yesterday and
was being continued today.
The plane was a big threo
motorcd craft capable of carrying
15 passengers. Tho nlr mall ser
vice to Karachi, India, was started
only lust month.
On Juno 17 seven lives wore
lost when tho company's City of
Ottawa plunged Into the water
while flying over tho Kngllsh
channel.
1
SEVEN PERISH
WHEN ITALIAN
uelowDead
Prince.
VONUKLrOW"
ROM H. Oct. 28. (A1) Prince
Hern ha rd Von Kuelow, tier man
statesman and former Imperial
chancellor, died at his villa here at
0:50 a. m. today, after an Illness
of several days aggravated by a
heavy cold, lie was HO years old.
His body ;J he taken to his home
near Hamburg for burial.
AWARDS GO TO
Attendance Laurels Given to
First Christian Church in
Closing Session Speak
ers, City and Church, Are
Thanked.
--"Huw Can -Wy Bontoty,;CJf!ty
On?" was the toplo of tho Chris
Hun Endeuvor session, held in the
recreation hall of tho First Chris
tian church last night as one of
the Important meetngs of tho
Crater J .alto Union, Christian I5n
douyor convention, which opened
hero Friday evening. Tho meet
ing was in charge of Miss Marie
Present t of Ashland, and a pro
gram of music and genoral dis
cussion proved of Interest to tho
delegation of over one hundred.
Immediately following the En
deavor meeting Hev. Claudo H.
Porter took charge of the song
sorvlco in tho main auditorium,
which was filled to capacity. Rev.
Carman K. Mell, pastor of tho
local Christian church, song ' Open
the Outes" os a special number.
Hev. IE. W. Nelson of McMln
vllle, who has been speaker
throughout tho convention, chose
as his final address "Our Isadora'
Covenant, 'Curry On'," In which
he used as his scripture tho Great
Commission. Ho took the two
words, "Teach and ltoaeh(" In the
flint part of his sermon, saying
that "in order for tho teaching
to be of any value, you must
reach the heart of the person you
are Instructing."
"Hoys follow men," Rov. Nel
son said, "and thnt docs not mean
that they follow only tho Chris
tian men," He emphasized tho
fact that in order to "Carry On"
the spirit of the J .coder was neces
sary. ' Awards Matin
Awards wero also inado nt yes
terday's session for the most rog- ,
Istrations handed In hy any one
society previous to the convention.!
and to the church and the most!
delegates present nt ull sosslons. i
lloth prizes went to the First
Christian church of Ashland.
A report of the Future Work 1
committee was made, and tho
Resolutions committee chnirmnn :
made a report extending thanks to
the speakers of the convention,
the city of Medford and the
churches that wero open for the
convention.
During the afternoon session
the newly elected officers of the
1'nlon wero Installed by Rev. Wil
liam I. Harney of Ashland,
Hush Guiley, stated field secre
tary for tho Christian Kndoavor,
spoke on "Our Covenant, We Will
See This Thing Through." The
covenant, which Is made up of I
KvangeliMm, World Peace and :
Christian Citizenship, was adopted!
at the International Kndenvor con
vention In 1927, to be carried nut (
for two years. At the end of i
this time It was decided at the
Kansas City convention In July to
'Carry On" fr two moro yeara,
and these words have been chosen
an the slogan.
Points Ntrvsscil
Professor Guiley brought out
five things In his address which
ho enlarged upon nnd explnlned.
They were: "Give yourself up
wholly to tho guide, bo willing to
pay the price, get rid of unneces
sary baggage, stay close to th?
guide and follow wherever the
guide leads."
The talk was followed by a de
cision service In churgo of Pro
fessor Guiley, after which the
(Continued on Pag Eight)
CLHON
ASHLAND
UNIT
8
INGHAM IN
HOI REPLY
I
Connecticut Senator Says
Lobby Probe Committee
Unfair Used Police Court
Methods 'Framed'
Against Him Caraway
Speech Full of Misstate
ments and Innuendo.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 28. (JP)
Striking back at his accusers, Sen
ator Bingham, Republican, Con
necticut, contended In the senate
today tho lobby investigating com
mittee was "unfair" and had used
"police court methods' In examin
ing him regarding his employment
of an officer of the Connecticut
Manufacturers association to assist
him in tariff matters. -
The Connecticut senator assert
ed the committee was "framed
against a friend of the administra
tion."
He said one member of fclio
committee had used a member of
the capltol police force as a chauf
feur to drive him homo while tho
policeman was still drawing gov
ernment pay.
Senator Hlalne, Republican, of
Wisconsin, a former member of
tho committee, leaped to his feet
und insisted thut Bingham name,
tho sonator. '
"It was the senator from Wis
consin," Bingham replied.
"I'll reply in my turn," Blalno
shouted us Bingham continued his
speech.
1I1U Caraway 8icccli
Referring- to the senate speech
Saturday by Chairman Carawu of -tho
lobby committee, . Bingham
said Caraway had attacked him
and tho Connecticut iiaayUutlou, ,
"by !lnU&ido7'by " torturing and
twisting of ovldenca and occasion
ally by misstatements which wero
corrocted later only by expressions
of doubt as to their veracity."
Caraway had argued employ
ment by Bingham of a paid repre
sentative of the association was
beneath tho dignity of tho senate.
"I was so u mazed by the Hpecch
that I was in doubt whether to
reply," Bingham said. , "I fool now
that a roply Is duo mo, duo my
constituents and due to tho manu
facturers' association,
"1 had not supposed there, 'was
so much unfairness in a group of
senators.
"I had not supposed thnt for
political purposes, In order to
damago a New England senator
and a friend of the administration
that they would go as far as they
did. 1 was asked ono question
several times by the sumo senator
In tho hope apparently that I
would contrudlet myself."
Bingham then said this senutor
was the same ono who had used
a capltol policeman as his private
chauffeur. Shortly before tho
sennto convened this morning,
Bingham's- office . announced the
senator would reply to Carawuy
and that Caraway had been re
quested to be present.
Will Rogers Says:
SANTA MONICA, Cal.,
Oct. 28. The Carnegie
Foundation got their answer
about paid
HthleteH who
were subsi
dized. Less
than half
that many
attended 50
games where
the athletes were pure, but
not much athletes. The pub
lie don't oare how you got
to n college, it's how you aro
going to get front the 40.
yard line to over the goal
that they are worrying
about. We are a ''get the
dough" people, and our
children are born in a com
mercial age. Why if a babe
in arms can cry loud enough
to get paid for it wo are
tickled to death. Muke 'cm
pay for talent whether it's
art, music, football, litera
ture, radio announcing or
flag pole sitting. Any actors
that can draw 88 thousand
people in ono day is worthy
of their hire. Don't let
Wall Street get nil tho
gravy. ..
Yours, WILL RO0KRS
CHARGES