MEDFOUD MATL TRTBtTCTE. MEDFQRD. -OlHtoOK. SUNDAY, .in.Y '2. 1!)J9.
PATHS THREE
'J
Hong Kong's Plight Illustrates Part
That Water Plays in Building a City
WASHINGTON. D. C, July 20. ". eomlut'U'd lu important publio'
-4-Tlio piisht of Hons Rung, where: build inn, tu ilw julvtiie homos of'
n drought 'has made It nectary tt'ew vnr weullhy families, and to;
tliv nubile but ha. !
to import emergency supplies of ..,,
, ... , . The dwellers in the cities of
water by the shipload for a com- medievul Kurope. like thoae of!
munity of more than half a million i mtuiy cities of the near and far east j
people, emphasizes the dependence today, had water supplies far in-1
of cities on an abundance of water. forlor to that of the Human. Some!
A. bulletin from the Washington, : of 'the outstanding exceptions were I
D. C. headquarters of the Nation-; cities established as Koman col-I
ul (leorKraphic society tells of the j onies, "in which the Homan-built
various sources of water supuly to aqueducts continued to function.
which cities have turned and traces , The 'typical medieval city depend- j
the development of the modern ! ed on wells, and on cisterns filled'
city waterworks. . j by rain-water drained from roofs.
'Ho Unite as men live in villages The water was often unclean and
tho problem of a supply of water; easily berame contaminated. These
for drinking, and other household j pointed city water supplies played
' purpura ' usually can be solved j i.n Important part in the -occurrence
easily," says the bulletin. "Hut ; of the devastating plugui'H that
when the villaKe k rows' into a town : swept over Kuropean cities during
and the town into a city, the lur-'j tlie middle ayes.
niching of an'adetuate amount of I -London beun piping water in
wuter becomes increasingly dif-fi-1 lo the city from outside sources as
cult. The history of the Krowih of I early as 1230. but it was supplied
fireat cities in all parts of the 1 unlv to fountain mid reservoirs.:
rew connections to nuiividuai
titead, they are shaft drilled to a
depth of hundreds or perhaps, a
thousand or more fee:; and from
them, electric pumps lift millions
of uallous of pure water daily. FA
Pi-so, Texas, a city of . more than
117.000 population, arid numerous
smaller cities of the American
west, ns well us Memphis, Tennes
see, and other cities near the At
lantic seaboard, obtain in this way
an Hbundaut water supply.
"Other island cities besides Hon;
Koiik are dependent on local rain
fall to furnish their water. St.
Thomas. )n the Virgin Island!, lias
constructed a brick-pa vod water
shed near the town to aid in the
collection of clean water. A simi
lar concrete-covered watershed oq
cupies tt prominent slope of tlie
Rock of tilbraitar. In Key West
rain-Wi.ter, drained from roofs into
cisterns, makes up (lie main sup
ply. As the city bus pruwn. how
ever, it has been necessary to hip
in water by rail in tnj.k cars from
the mainland.
"In a few arid coastal regions,
the fresh water that can be col
lected from all sources is inade
quate to meet the mvds of the
population, and in order to supple
ment the supply for towns it Is
necessary to distill sea water. Jidda
on the lied Sea Is a typical mui;
baked town where drinking water
1 i thus wrmiK from the sea. The
f
condensiuK factory in one of the t lights had becomw a nitural bea- ' COI'KNHAd KM (fl1) Krom dating the "Neanderthal man. He
h.ndmarks of the Jidda harbor." ( con . Oreenland !r. Phi! Poul Norlund said the bones showed this parly
xvixiHMtVi..',.Tr-7T7 ! Inirtnlhulon of nKM-. over th " l.r.mhl huiMi l.omM. whirl, man ni slant. Hud a vory lor
. I WVK.S KM.HKT UKN . . .......fit ll',v.' Ih-IkmkoiI to a r-s..-- nut.'- f.ir.'ha.1 unci altnont no nc-k,
or no-rr.1, on moi-xtux w ""m ,, , , - - -
. if KiKliUtHM-A lias nllevmltHl tho, .
Hl'KINGKfKl.P Muss, i!1 IV- MlnuUoll us lur u tile awmcnH
structlon of th 'summit hou on' oo.u.cernvd. The new liiti
, , can be seen In a radius of pi.oe
Mtl'om, iu the CuniHHM.eiit ul- mllrtt lty uuy Urj ,.Jlk
K-, eaused consternation umonK statuls out. ulihoiiKli there is no
fliers, not because, they UiMt.'d uriKllded dome now to reflect the
stopped there but , hecutts tlie sun's rays.
world has In la ?. part been the
history of the reaching oik farther
and farther for a greuter supply
of this all-important fluid.
Water Supply Ik Ae-Old Problem
"It is not a modern problem. Kis
thousand years ago the cities that
grew up in the valleys of the Tigris
aud Kuphrates and the Nile were
fa'ced with the .same need for a de
pendable water supply. In fact
thi-y grew where they did because
homes were made before the ISth
century, and it was not until well
into the lth century that this ul
timate step In city water diatribuj
tlon took water into the dwellings
of fir largo percentage of the city's
population. Until cast-Iron and
wrought-iron pipe could be made
cheaply and in great quantities the
piping of water into large number
of individual hornets was out of the
water was there easily available. : question. The earliest London
liecausc they were situated on water mains were of lead and
level valley lands, these earliest ' wood. Most of tlie present London
cllies of which we know could j water supply Is taken from the
nring in water in canais, and irom
these the populace dipped it tin
Thames not many miles above the j
city. :
they needed It.
"Phoenicians were probably tlie
first to construct what may be call
ed waterworks. They sank a sjerios
of shafts and connected the bot
toms by tunnels, thus leading a
nirem of water underground from
upland sources lo their coastal
cities. Impervious strata were
(hose n in which to dig the tunnels,
and in this way loss by seepage
and evaporation was avoided. Huch
underground water systems are
still made use of in the near east,
notably in Persia where all the
larger cities obtain their water
from such hidden streams. j
"The early Greeks borrowed the
shaft -tunnel system from Syria, j
Nmv 'York Vsos Nearly it Itllllon
Gallons it Jay
"New York, situated on a tela-
tively small island, has had great
er difficulty than London in ob- j
uunuit, .uii .miequuic wamr Mijpiy
I'util UI2 the city depended on1
local wells and springs. If Man
hattan's present supply came from
the island's rainfall, a cloud bank
inore than 2 5 miles deep would
have to discharge its water burden
daily. in the forties the Oroton
aqueduct was constructed bring-
I iug what was then an abundant
j quantity of water from a distance
j of 25 miles or more north of the
city. Since that time the city has
fitlln.l it nxnouunn' tu rm-H f.-ivthm'
and conducted water to a number! , , " ... . .
: . , . , ami lariner 10 me norm io lap i
of thwir cities In this way as we 1 ...i.n,.- i " . . . .u. I
as by surface canals. i twentieth century a great artifi-
Most of these earliest city water ' ciu, suhttM ranean river was con
systems were for the purpose of . stnu.le(1 U) f!ow fnI. nearIv j
ful-nislung a necessity the water j milflJi f.om th(l 0ltskll, mulltai,18
which was essential for drinking - un(r r)uf Hudson river; and be
nd cooking and cleaning. There n;ith thl, Htv flMa tQ huhhUt
b-ere public baths In Gneek cities, g,to tH Il)llwnrk of distributing
but; apparently it was not tfntil pi1(.s,..New York's combined water
lioixie had grown into a gi'cat citySU(l)jly ow eonlltitutes lh( wrMt-
umiKeu en nee., u a . o n o, ,ls, p, , WJlt(ip Hyst(Mn , u. wnrltl.
population that the Idea came to:
furnishes to the inhabitants of
Btippiy io Hucn a iug population j a,.(.aU,P Nw .Yrk Rll average of
center a supcraounoance oi water , ,M)0 miinon cliinnR It dav.
-not only enough to meet the ;
"Chicago obtains its waier-sup-
uigeni neeessi ins ,oi me populace, . p,v sim)lv nnd 'ecouomically. Tun
but also a large surplus to increase )nV(, heen ,.x-tonded under .the
ll,ru conuori ano pleasure, aomc hotl of Lake Michigan for 1 only
of tho greatest cngtnecring iic.com
pllshments of the Humans were in
tho ( construction of their aque
ducts. The ruins of a number of
these great works, stalking across
valleys and lowlands near -Home
on arches from 50 to 100 or more
feet high, are among the most
Hi r iking remains of the
ltoman civilization.
Home Kearhed Out (10 Miles for
, Water
"The earliest of the Ttoman aque
ducts had its. source of water sup
ply rl ess than seven miles from the
city. Hut as the population grew
and more and more water was re
quired, new. aqueducts were built
extending 11, 20, -10 and 'even lU
throe or four miles from shore,
and through these, great streams
of lake water are pumped into the
city. Similar systems supply Mil
waukee, -Cleveland and Muffalo. St.
Lnuis and New Orleans get their
water supplies from the Mississip
pi river, and because of the ureal
nnclenl mnounts of mud carried in sus
pension, must make use of sys
tems of settling tanks' and must
also treat the water chemically.-
"Los Angeles has had to reach
out farther for its water than any
other American city. It trans
ports tile greater part of its sup
ply In a huge conduit for more
than' 250 miles, much of the dis
tance across deserts. For the ad-
miles .into the country. A popular i ditional supply which the city will
idea that these aqueduct channels j soon need it phins to reach even
were all carried far above ground j farther Sot) milefeast to the Col
is incorrect. Long sections of most I orado river.
of the channels were underground j "The world's record for distance
and in some cases high hills were i over which n large volume of
pierced for them by long, deep i water is piped for community use
t unnels.
"Although Rome surpassed all
earlit-r great' cities 'In ' the abun
dance of it.-t water supply, it did
not go far beyond them in the
matter f distribution. For the
most part the water for household
use was fed to fountains and reser
voirs from 'which It was necessary
for the people or their servants to
is held iu western Australia by the
thrpe deHort-surrounded, gold-mining
towns;' Kalgoorlle, OoolgaWMo.
and Houlder. l-'lve million gallons
of water a day are. pumped to these
communities through 351 miles of
-pipe 33 Inches In diameter. '
"Wells- still play -their part in
furnishing water' to large cities:
but they are not the crude, ahnl-
talte'lf in jars. Supplies were also low' pits of the middle nges. In
The Diamond Cafe Menu
",Nq,;-.Sir
Poodle don't enre liiucli nTioiit a fellow's name
in tlie hour of hunger what they want is food
we serve it.
THE DIAMOND CAFE
is known near and far for its excellent meals,
short orders, I'aslry.iei if iVv and a 2Mioiir eaW
iiitf to all. '
Fur the" big days. Monday, Tuesday, Wednes
day, save shopping time by dining with us.
CHARLES (GUMBJI) FJJJIM0T0
"Note: See ''Smudge Smoke" for free transla
tion of this "Ciuuibji" (not a hoii)i) middle .link
iu my name, as the story goes.
127 East Sixth '
'
YOUR CAR-ilt! '
I am giving my personal attention to every ordor and
guarantee you will bo pleased. Bring your car to me for
WASHING, $1.50 ; greasing,, polishing, and the job will
be done right. Years of, experience. ; ,
You can drive right hi from the North Pacific Highway.
AL NEWMAN
i At 245 North Riverside
When YOU
are disabled
or old
WHO will
take care
of you?
Lot. us do this and at the same time
.protect your family.
All Lines of Insurance and Bonds
First Insurance Agency
A. L. Hill, Manager
'Cii . 30 UTorth Central Avenue
ry ;
Sweet Jpys3f:..Summer
Our scVVu'e ' is' "most ditlighfful acceptable cour
tesies to ladies and children a fact that is duly appre
ciated by all. i
'uorteoiis uttentiiiu to all. cuntonu'1'S who wish to buy a
ninsjiiziiic (coinplclc- slock) or a newspaper, confection
ery, ice cream or just a cold drink order. We especially
invite the women and little folks.
THE- ACME
SHIRLEY BROTHERS
I . 303 East Main St. ! ,
Hot Weather
Motor Complaints
We Fix ' Em !
We diagnose motor complaints and keep your
car in good mechanical health, so that you can
got the maximum ploasure out oi'your summer
motoring.
If your car lacks "pep" if your motor has
developed a knock if it pumps oil or if any
thing isn't just right let us make an inspec
tion before the trouble gets serious. Our me- ,
chanics are men of long experience and can
put your car in first class shape in short order.
You '11 find our prices very reasonable and our
guaranteed work will please you. Let us give
you an estimate today. ' '
OFFUTT'S GARAGE
& MACHINE SHOP.
Highway and 4th St. ., . Phone 119 s
All the World Loves
An Ice Cream Treat
"Tl'IS. WE JOIN Irt thBvDnr' :
"rfitlcH and ure pricing the Kreat 1
""i!lilayn of new anVt 'used' lifninV- 1
li(lil arlit'lcH at
LOWERED
PRICES
You buy what you need for Hit?
honiH ut npcclal miviriK -ofti-n 1
tlio jturrliuKe iih a now
ut 25' to fio tr cent Ihh.
We Buy We Sell We Exchange
but Mfiiday. TucKiIay, Weilncsilny, It will be a concenlraleil
sefliiiK In tlie'K-al liaiKnln wa i
V'o have whal "yiu want or can i;cl II. f'mne In ami limped Hie
lairie asKiMinii nt of field and 'Kardfti and carpentry and utht'i
tooln.
Always More for Your Money at
Pierce's
Second Hand
Store
23 South Front Phone 692
"We 8ell for Cah"
The national dish for the summer time . . . it's Ice
Cream, of course! America discovered it; but all the
world loves it. Especially when ice cream jis made
creamy rich and oh! so delicious . . . like ours. Put
ice cream regularly on your summer menu. It's good
for eveiy one. ...
Snider's Dairy & Produce Co.
28 N. Bartlett
Phone 203
I
a. H, OEOVEE
11
J. W. SNIDER