1CTBT5F0TlT)-jmK TltTBTTfTO, SfRDFOUD, (mWlOX THtTRSDAY, RBPTEMBER-13,-'192g.
Scientific Notes
I'hert'lio: la fciiinic i-Mml the
woman, sny the French police, and
through lu-r it will ho posHible to
lueate the perpetrator of a crime.
Yea, hut hot'ure "la fcmino" can be
f o u ml , it is nee ohhu ry to kno w
whose woman to "eherehe". ho
after all the first and moat impor
tant function of the police is to
(leterniine who actually committed
a particular crime. It In undoubt
edly true, however, that criminals
uro not infrequently eauuhl as a
ri'Hult of their effort k to eommunl
cnto with mime woman, but locat
ing tho woman Jm not by any
inemm a solution,
1 ho present-day criminal uses
up-to-date and scientific met hods
to commit crime and avoid detec-
.,-, Hon and consequently modern de
'; , teetlve departments hiiikI employ
, the most modern scientific nieth
'ocIh to dlHcnver him and briiiK him
; to hook, Home, of tho Kuropean
-V pollco departments have made very
. marked progress . along scientific
linen.
'I'lie liitroiluetiiin In France- hi
H. 3 813 of anthropometry, a system
I. . of body measurements, marked
one of the fh'Ht important steps in
r HiIh direction. Alphonse liertillon
;Mllsoovereil that certain bony por-
, tioiiH of the human frame did not
1 -. vary during the period between
f l adolescence and e.vireme old ago.
TIiuh he hullt up a system of
jt; ; identification which was adopted
V by must of the countries of lOur-
opo, Tho system had certain In-
hercnl sho.rt comings. It could not
successfully be applied to women
and children, U required a highly
trained pcrsojinul. instruments
were apt to get out of order, inea
surcv('UtH varied and classification
wan extremely difficult.
Then from India en mo dactylos
copy, or the finger-print system,
wlie.ro it had been developed by
the Knglish authorities. ft was
Introduced at Scotland Yard in
11)01. It Is based on the fact that
the papillary lines on the surface
fe, lines on the surface of the finger
r tips- form certain typical patterns
which are possible of absolutely
a t'curu le elassl f lcat ions. Kxperi
jnoiits havo shown that those pat
terns make their appearance three
months before birth and disappear
after death only with tho dissolu
tion of the body. Following this,
Sir Kdwnrd Henry, who was then
commissioner of police of Lamina,
devised a method of classifying
finger prints by which their posi
tion In a file could be accurately
determined, The Henry system Jh
now almost universally used, altho
Italy and South America use a
somewhat different method of
classification known us the "Ar
gentine system." lly a numerle;il
classification, finger prints can
now be telegraphed or telephoned
lrom one city to another.
Pairs Of Sixes '
No More "The Street of Springtime'
kNEof the busiest truck assembly lines in the country is operated by the truck
division of Dodge Urothersf inc., wttfi trie introduction oj tne an six eyr.nuer
Una nf Graham Rrnthers Trucks. Here trucks araw from the chassis to the
completed job under speedy, efficient workmanship. At the left, is the Merchants
Express with panel body and at the right is the big two and one half ton capacity
Various other capacities are following in rapid order.
marked In a widely different way.
When the bullet taken from the
slain' guard's hotly was photo-
German scientist that human hah- (uestinns. The students were told
varh'K as do the finger prints and 1 1 lie deliberately nbout one of the
, . , ,, iUestlons asked mid to tell the
no two .persons have hah- exactly) ' .
alike. ;aMo UJj u ,lliy (.,., lIu. operator jKiaphed and enlarged and exhlbit-
The most recent scientific lnven- j of Ihe machine was able to tell !ed with the two series it was quite
Hon for detecting crime. Hie so- each student the question about ; evident even to a school child
called "Lie iJeteelor." has. how-'which he lied. Such a test would
ever, quite taxed the imagination I seem to be both fair and eonvlnc-
of the average layman. It Is eon- j log. .Much further experimenta- was marked Identically as were the
sldercd by them as being even tion with the machine Is admitted
, Finger prints have now almost
ij entirely supplanted the llerllllon
system of body measurements,
t, , u) though hoth methods aro still
employed hi some places. ( The
& creation of some central clearing
. house naturally hucamo a ueces-
slty to the perfect functioning of
,f the fltigeii-prhit. system and It has
only been within the last few years
that a national Identification bu-
i-cau has boon established In the
United Stales at Washington. Kven
,i toduy many of the states and cities
'. do not register theirU'inger prints
i wih this bureau.
Tho finger-print system at the
hest also has Its limitation!. It is
effective only where the finger
iirlnts of a criminal aro already on
file.' It is of ho value in discover
ing an unknown' criminal,
p The "M. ()' or .Modus Operandi
' system, Introduced in Wugland by
'4 .Major L. W. Atcherley. marked
anuther adviince in crime detection
melliuds. Alcherly hullt up a
nystoin of rlnsslflcatlon based on
the methods .employed by the
criminal. It Is a generally recog
y 'iilzed fact that the average profes
' slonal criminal shows a strange
? lack of originality. j sticks to
. Ills particular line or, as the say
i lag goes, "once n pennyweighter,
r always a iennyV4-lghter." Kven In
the higher ranks of criminality
f this peculiarity Is even more strtk-i
. lag. The pay-roll robber and the j
V forger ure fascinated by their own
wtyle or buslaess, and each, it :
i MTins, has his peculiar specialty or i
' Tucket" within his particular ,
,t Held.
Hermauy. with her unusual at-
f lent Inn to detail, has bull! up an
eluborule system of reglstratbrn,
1le .Meldewesen, by which truck is
kept of the movements of all her
. citizens. In lierlln over twelve
t nillllou cards are on file. Almost
; one hundred and fifty looms are
required to house the system. The
il criminal record of a man Is kept
, In tho clly-where he was born. If
I he moves to another locality he
legUtcrs there with the police.
who write to the city of his birth
fMo see If he has u criminal record
. and to ascertain the truth of the
f statements he has made. The.
Alcldcwcsen has also served many
fc-. other useful purposes than that of
? locating criminals. It has been ln
t valuable In collecting taxes, in en
f forcing the compulsory education
. Kvstom and In making It practical
? Jy Impossible to escape military
Hcrvleo, t ,
. Hut crime can by no means he
detected by indexes, registration
; und finger prints nluno. In recent
years, therefore, the camera, the
microscope und the chemical and
v physical laboratories have played
; Ineroaslngly important 1 roles. A
vast HiVHurtment of criminal uppa
rutus has come Into being und the
t tttudy of criminology Ims been
Mirtuulehed to Uieludo crime detec
tion,' The great universities of
JTance, (lermany and Italy have
made important contributions. For
i example, one of these laboratories
was nupplted with a cap containing
, two hairs. The cap had apparently
'been dropped by a criminal after
: lie had fatally wounded his victim.
f Arter n microscopic examination of
: the two hatrH the police were given
the following description of the
: fugitive: "A man of middle age, of
; robust constitution, with black hair
5 Intermingled with gray, recent ly
cut; commencing to grow bald."
The description proved to he nc
filiate. It la now claimed by one
more absurd than was Ihe finger-i ly necessary. Then, too. there is
print theory when it was first ad- i the obstacle of violating the con
van ced. Kx peri men ts with 'the istltutional rights of a suspected
machine iiave been highly success- i nniii by the use of the machine '
ful ami It Is today being used by ' unless lie consents to the lest. I
some police departments to ell in- j ;
inatc suspects. This naichine when . nnlllmore city has recently fur-
attached to a suspect accurately j nlshed an example of Hie use of I
records certain Inward nervous ic- scientific methods of crime detec-
actions. Hut. say the laymen, any- 1 "' 1,11,1 ' value. A guard was
one lo whom ihe machine Is at- j",10t "" killed when two convicts ;
that the bullet from the dead body
t series shot from the convict's re
volver.
t'ould there be a more convinc
ing example of the real value of
scientific methods hi crime detec-
tion? . '
Crater Lake is only a three and
a half hours drive from Med ford
over j wonderful highway.
lly Wcllaml II. Gordon with an initial nicmbership lisr.
AssfH'iated ITihh Correspondent j ot 42. It began to wenken With
LOS ANOKLBa OP) SwiinlnrtlH- , ,ii
who founded Los Angeles gave;
lone of its streets the noetic name. ! tlvity and in 1809 was dissolved,
icalle de La l'rlmaveru. the While ItH sorrowing members
Street of Springtime." Today t were holding the wake, u success-
j is a busy canyon of skyscrapers', I
I center of one of tho fastest -grow
lag financial districts in the Unl-
lied Slates, but plain Spring Street.
! Near the" heart of the. street iz
stands the new Los Angeles Stock--
j Kxchnnge building, housing the ! 51
I successor of an Institution found- : ZSZ
cd eplember 23, 1SS7. The Kx-'SS
change's volume of business last :
year was t.142. 000,000. In the ?
first six months, of the total 'si
was ?-ll!l,000,000. Liist -Decern-1 553
her a seat on the eExchange sold
for 25.000. A few weeks ago itjss
new member paid $C5,000 and '553
1 since then $0,000 has ben peald 5
for tho right to trade on the 3
iiioor. On June 1. the post aya-V
j tern of trading was Inaugurated ) 33
and June 4 the Los Angeles Curb! 3
Exchange was ojiened, sponsored f n
; by the older institution. ! 5555
The history of formal financial 1
trading In Los Angeles since the , 33 '
inauguration of tho first stock j Sr,
exchange is a chronicle of ups and ; 55
downs. The original Stock and 1 33"
ltond Exohaiidc 'existed nbout : 33 .
eight months in a- city then hav-jS
ing a population of 50.000. The; 33
blow that killed it came when it -S3,
lent the remnant of its reserve 1 33
fund, $1,000, to a needy member
accepting collateral a bond is-
sued by a civic organization. The ;
hond proved worthless uic uor-.
rower insolvent and the ex- 33
change died. , 33
The Los Angeles .Mining und:-
Stock Exchange, second member , 33
of the family of five whose young-.. 33
est is the present institution, ;
came into being in .May 1896. with f
an auspicious formal opening. Its.j33
first regular trading took place in . 33
August, but less than a month j
later the Exchnngo passed away. (3
its final act being to sell its ef- 33
fects to a political club. j 33
' In June, 18!". the Los Ange- ,3
les Stock and -Mining Exchange.'
undeterred by the gravestones of :
! or, fourth In line, was establish
ed a-i the I-os Angeles Stock und
Hond Exchange. It apparently
(was as much -n social organlza-ition-
its anything else, a weekly
J luncheon being its principal uei
i tlvity. It -died at one of these In
I June, iao.
I The present Los Angeles Stock
! Exchange? an unincorporated as
1 snciatlon not fur profit, came
; Into existence December 7. 3
um the Los Aegeles Oil Exchange.
1 Its first . memberships sold . for
60. (Iriuluallv It absorbed smnll-
er exchanges, ennnguu us nuinu
,to that It now bears, moved .its
quarters as It grew and today
occupies Its own building wt)h
complete nnd modern trading
equipment. , -
i John Eai'I Jnrdine Is presldenL .
Gravel
Drain
Crushed Rock
Furnished by
Medford Concrete
Construction Co,
'PHONE.69
Inched would naturally be
the Mary la ml penitentiary
excited than usual. Perfectly true, 1 tempted lo escape. Moth convicts
but the machine can distinguish i llIltl revolvers, but of different
between such excitement and Ihe Another guard who an-
inward reaction which would lake lowered l""" fhe had a revolver of
place when one was questioned llH' HUln" t-allber as one of the con-
aboul an affair with which he had ; victn. 'i lie bullets taken from the
some connection. 1 body r the slalu guard were the
j same caliber as those, used by the
It Is a well-known fact that it j guard who fired upon the con
requires more mental alertness to vlcls.
lie successfully than it does to tell j In order to be prepared for the
the truth. If one were asked to possible defense that the slain
account for his movements on a guard had been hit and killed by a
given day il would be a relatively
isy matter for III 111 lo do so. Hut,
011 the other hand, If he wanted to
II in Inatc some Important tiling
which he hail done during the day.
it would require considerable men
tal alertness to lell a story which
upon Investigation would hold
water. It is in this way Hint the
machine trips him.
(V class of uuivet'Hlly st intents
was given a lest with Ihe iimchinc.
Much man wits asked a series of
bullet from the gun of his fellow
giuird and not front that of the
convict using a weapon of the
same caliber, the state's attorney
had a very careful series of tests
made with each pistol. These tests
were made by a national expert.
A number of builds were fired
I'm in each pistol and then photo
graphed and enlarged, Kuch re
volver left. lis identifying marks
on (he bullets fired from It. The
bullets from each weapon were
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