Medford Weather Year Ago UNE Maximum 86 Minimum & 011 Twenty-third Ttu Wklf KitljuUi tr MF.DFORD, O'UKdOX, "WKPXKspAY, .irXF. .1:1. By Arthur Brisbane The Weather Forecast Fair. Maximum yesterday "7 l Illinium today 40 If ATT, TRTR No. K. Today UnnVkR U UVV U LU G Politics Politics 4 Kinds of Prayers. Where's the Army? We've Lent Too Much. (Copyright, 1827. by New York Kvcninc JournaljBno. ONE eoiTPspniulont observes absence of the "hip-liip-lioo-rny" spirit in Knnsas City. Politicians arc cautious, nud how can you "hip hooray" un less you know what important people are going to do ? Oruanized labor lias twenty planks ready for both party j j hit forms. Olio calls for a live- ! day week. Another calls for ' 2.75 beer, fully legalized. j It, is safe to tell Jnlior that it ! will XOT jet 2.75 lieer or much j of anything else that it asks, j Hut, like the farmers, unions j will get beautiful promises and Y a patting on. the hack that will make their chests stick out. Clergymen of four religions will pray for the llepubliean brethren in Kansas City. An hpiseopaliail, II ( alllOlK' a .lew- ish rabbi, and a , Methodist preacher will ask Heaven to help and enlighten. Xothinjj prevents Christian Scientists from giving the convention ail sent treatment. It may need it. 4 i ' I'jilcss very young, you re-j , , " r.. , J i member Champ Chirks cam- j paign song, lain t 110 dlttcr-!wunB ence if he is a hound, you got to stop kicking my dog around." ('blimp Clark and AVnotlrow jkeep the nntl-llpovei- Texas dele-, ,''.,. .j. iffaU'H out of the convent Ion. -. W llsnil, who beat limi, arc hOfll senator Fess remained out or gone. And in this campaign we !sl)jht until he was brouuht nKaln . , .. ; to the front of the platform by a have two hounds, a Republican ' llt ol,tbuls,f cheering in one oil scandal hound and a Demo- section of the Kuiu-ry. iiiscoveied . , . .n .to be mainly it chorus of demands iralii! graft hound. They villjfol. K,H.(.(.h l. Wni iKc,s. he kicked around considerably licforc the campaign ends. f "Our old cat and another one" applies to that army of fanners to march on Kansas City, 100,000 strong, to lay down the law about farm re lief. Only 14 farmers had arrived Monday, and they must hurry back to attend to crops. M Thai's the disadvantage of isolated farming. Kailroad men iuid great industrialists that gather at, "conventions or at Washington, never have to hur ry back. They have hired men to run- the works while they help run the government. London's Financial Times says "America has lent too much money to Kurope, and if money remains elicnp in Lon don, Kiigliind will regain her (lid pre-eminence as banker for (he world." America's boyish financiers, silly enough to buy Russian bonds from Kerensky, are silly enough for anything. Recently Europe has been lending in America at 7 per cent money that America lent . to Kurope at V3 per cent. "'The I'nited States has heen heavily "roverlending," says the Uritish authority, ftalhcr, we began it when we lent ten billions in a war that wasn't ours. London's keen linanciers watch for op.iortunities to dip Into our markets. Hrltish speculators expect a boom In Wall Street should President Conlitlge be renominated again, but apparently he won't he. The Tnrls "Temps." authoritative French newspaper, discovers a yel low plot to drive white races from Asia Japanese and Chinese are in col-1 lusion, according to. the "Tpitiiw," and. while hostile on the border, they are really united in their de termination tn keen A tin tnr Al. ntles This country has no cause of com - nlnint. We are determined In keen America for Americans. -I (Continual on Pao Four) VOTE GOES Attempt On Floor, of Con venton to Unseat Hoover Texas Delegates, Voted Down By a Huge Majority - Main Flight in Platform Framing. I'CIXVKXTIO.N H.M.I.. KANSAS CITV, June 13. W Twrnty-lwo tllstrlet (loli'Kiiti's from 'IVxa.s. hits- j tile I" Hoover, fulled lo Rain per- j niaiK'iil KfatH 111 llio l-optlhticall ronvcnllnii toilay iifti'i a flKlit liail I been inado from the floor lo place : them on the roll In place of Hoover J llledRcil delegates. I I 'rhi. i-.ill c:i)l vntiv 31 r. U. to (1711 1.'. I as In reality the first test of strchKtlt In the convention between i jlhe Hoover nntl .'inti-ll o o v e r forces. With few exceptions ilele- i Kates lined up as party leaders be lle.ved they would when balloting for a nominee beKins. The conven tion then adjourned until 7:30 to nlKht. 1 There were wild shouts from the foe of the commerce secretary when the bit- Illinois delegation and those from stmie of the other mMllll, ,,,, nol.,hweKU.,.n s,iltcs aKilin.it lloover.but his I friends came back with Jubilant d e m o n h l r fi t n s when, their strength was. shown, particularly as Secretary Mellon and the 7ii Pennsylvania delegates Vted to 'ry for will itoKeis I.niiBhinKly the rest of the as semhlaKe craned Its neek to see what would happen hut the Okla homa cowhoy humorist kept hi.4 seat in the press stand and the ehalrinan pounded for ordr until the oulhtli'Ht had heen iiuieted. Throuph It all the hand still Wits dolnff 111. best to keep some Sfin blnnce of notion In the eonvcntlon and succeeding very poorly be cause its niiisle was almost lost in Iho rumble of conversation. All of this time the parllamen- tnry situation, as they say in the senate, was that Ihe convention was waiting for the report of Its committee on delegate credentials, which bail been In session most of the time since yesterday. The chairman of this committee was .Mrs. .Mabel Wnlker Willclirandt, first and only woman assistant at torney general. The convention had been waiting for her for near ly an hour when she finally walked down i u center aisle anil was escorted to the platform. Woman .Makes u Hit Looking as frpsh as a daisy after the trying work of the committee over which she presided, .Mrs. , Wlllohrnndt was presented to the I convention by .Senator l-Vss while every delegate took notice and most of them cheered. In a voice as clear as any heard in the big hall Hie lady chairman made a brief preliminary state- nient at what the committee had done and then began reading from the formal report of the committee typewritten on u sheaf of legal sized bond. The report began with I'lorlrta. explaining the rb cum- stances which led up to the dele- gale lontest in that state anil then proceeding similarly with the other states from which there ? deletrate contestH. The word was passed about dur- ing ine reaoiug inai mere was a possibility that the eontewting Wurzhnch faetion from Texas, un seated by the credential eoniniti -tee. might take its fight to the convent inn floor itself but that none of the other disappointed would-be delegate would appenl. While tho dry details of the cre dentials committee work were read the Idg convention listened withvnn intentness due rather tn the novel ty of fcmiifne partie lntion In Its routine worg than to any Interest In the report Itself. .Mrs. Willebrandt'fl clear vofce neemeit tn reach every part of the building. She was wholly self possessed and assured In meet In & her first convention as an official part thereof. An oecAsional spatter of hand- f-'Pilng -was about all the inmr uptlon the assistant attorney gen eral met ns she continued rending. The hall remained remm kah.y quiet nnd attentive I A Mr. U illel.randt eonrlmte,! ' D!,n,'' ' IIllllnR' Delaware, HOOVER m,,,M"K " ',r"y n" ' '" i"i;rorm. I l'""t of that state, was recognized (Continued on Pago Bix) POWERFUL FIGURE : C;f?fev t'i 'mJV Mir , Andrew W. Mellon, of Pittsburgh, multi-millionaire secrciary of the treasury, is a powerful figure at the Republican national conven tion in Kansas City, Mo, OREGON ENVOY BORAH WINS ON; Awe nuntfiMn nDV di km mn noiw uiiLvimu uni i imw uui nnnn rtAnimn TnnunirinnniiP bUIVI rAKNIb KUUDLLLUU nd' Wm. F. Woodward, Dele- gate From Portland Given Horse Laugh, When He! Startles Committee On Rules W i t h Spearmint Regulation. i (By M. E. Barker, Associated Press Staff Writer) t KANSAS CITY, June 13. (fl) j The Pacific Northwest, represented i on the platform subcommittee of j the republican national convention j by John 1. Sullivan of Senttle, has been granted Its rieRiies in several jtespects in the subcommittee's pre ! limiiiury deliberations. It became known tndnv that planks on reclamation, tariff rev. , In Ihe early morniiiK on a law eli sion, veternns" relief, increased fed-' forcement plunk milratiintinlly in eral uid for forest roads and trails the form as presented by Senator ; and development of Pacific coast 1 l.orah of Idaho. , harbors nml rivers had passed the i t'nder Its provisions the parly scrutiny of the subcommittee for : would pledKe Itself and its nonil- , reporting to the full committee later today. j The reclamation plank in Kon 1 eral terms follows lines requested ; by backers of the Columbia basin j irrigation project, though contain- ItiK no specific mention of the Col- nmbin nroleet or unv other, It olediies tho linrtv tn reelnmn- tion development as rapidly ns practicable. While nn Rlieclllc mention l made of cedar lumber or shingles n the tariff plank, it declares In .-general terms for tariff revision whenever necessary to protect J American Industry against foreign invasion. Pinnies for increased fed- ; Cral aid for construction of trulls and toads through federal forests ; were presented by lYgar .1. Adams , f Huge ne. Ore., who also advo- cated a proposal for federal de- vi.lmimenl nf Pnelfle cr,n.it rivers ! and harbors ns rapidly as shipping itn.iu ,.r tun.1.r.n..,l. u.m..n.ini needs of the section demunilrd. i With a "favorite Bon" vice - presl - deutial candidate of their own to present to the republican national convention, members of the Oregon delegation were todav considering other possiblo candidates for the nomination. Some consideration was being mtcii it vi 1 1'oinfiii uavteH mi ij- nomination by the Oregon delega - tion. Willi some of the members he would be acceptable if he meets with the approval of Die Hoover leaders. William F. Woodward, Oregon member of the convention commit tee on rules nnd order of business, met only amused grins when hp proposed as his contribution to the committee's ruport, a resolution or derine delegates and visitors to the convention to pork hlr chewing Ihe contioversy over the farm re gum in the hal', and usherettes pa- Itef plank ntl shl not be settled until trol the l.-len during the sessions the snhjeet had been taken to the bearing tinkling pitchers of lee llnor of th convention, water for the refreshment of the- ! . rr" TTZ. delegates. He denied that the lat- . loP ,irviui,.M h.,i wftft tho prohibition plank he is ndvoeatliiK for the national plat I K LA M ATM FA 1 .1 X Keno d Is- Uict will build new schuolhouio. AT CONVENTION 'v , I Prohibition Issue' May Fnimht Ollt On Floor Of driven In a norllnveslerly dlroc ruiiyill UUI Ull riUUI ui i ,.n,,nrted the noslllon of Convention, Though Sub- Committee Approves Idaho Senator's Stand, , 01 (By James L. West, Associated Press Staff Writer) KANSAS CITY, Juno 13. UP) Hurdling the prohibition enforce ment plank problem, the republican convention resolutions committee found ftself blocked early toilay on the question of farm relief and after five hours adjourned at dawn to resume its discussions in the middle forenoon. The subcommittee of 15 agreed nees to the observance and vigor ous enforcement" of the eighteenth amendment, "which Is identified by name." The farm relief plank as reported i by the administration leaders pro- j voked so much discussion that the members of the committee were satislicd that an agreement was Impossible until further conferenceH i could be held, nnd It was for tills reason mat an adjournment, was taken. Tho failure of tho subcommittee I to conclude ita labors In its over- ; night session made it certain that Hie platform would not be presented lo Hie convention until tomorrow, I After the subcommittee has wound ' UP Us work the entire resolutions ' committee must pass Jud-Tment upon Its action, Adoption by the subcommittee of the Ilnrnh plunk regarding prollihl- Hon enforcement Is certain to lead i to in n ffifht In tho entire committee 1 and from there It may find Its way to the lioor or tne coiveni ion. Leaders in the New York, xew Jersey and other delegations have declared against any declaration by Ihe convention which" would iden- i tify the prohibition amendment over other amendments In the con in hi !'. j As the subcommittee ndjourned ; members could not even venture a 'guess ns to the lime that would be required to thrash out the farm relief problem. It was indicated very clearly that the .division in the committee was wide and It was regarded an possible that this sub ject might have to be referred lo the entire committee for a deci sion. There also were intimations that t mf, flam. 8,h 0" 1 M THKPAKSKY. Nf . June 1.1. ; The start of the monoplane FrletidHbip for L'tirdpe was Heferred until tomorrow after two unsuccefs- f ul attrinpts had been made to lift the tdane from Tropassey harbor J today, fl r ii iinnii r mi mit n b m. mmm 1 m WAS HUKI a IN WRECK is. 4 i Latest Reports Declare Leader of lll-Fated Polar Expedition Is Injured Refugees Now Drifting Toward Spitzbergen, Is Belief Polar Bears a - Menace. I KOMI:. Juno K'..- l.ntoHt re- povts froin ihe struiulcd crew of lh; (lirluihle Italia reveal thai tlen- cm I V nilnTtn ,otil( hliiiM'lf wiik iiiluriMl on lite r:m nn and rlKlit i let; w)n-n the ulrHhi)'s Hondo In wuh lorn Irum lur on the tee north of HnUzlifrKim. The. -Aenerul in his report, how 1 ever, sniil that his arm wn cured ! and thut his lew wns nearly no, I The report, imidft pnhlic in a j cmniminiiii' ly the officiul iipwh UKcncy Stefani, naid that in add it Inn tu (tonoral Ntiliilf the others injured were Dr. Klun At u 1 in tire n. Swedish metvor oloKist, who BUiiered had contu sioiiK on his arm, and Chief Techni cian t'erini, whose risht Iok was broken helov: thKnee. Or. Malm Kren lad recovered from his hurtH by the time he and two others of the erew left the Noblle party on j May at) in an effort to reach lund. ('eclnni. however, will need Ions : attention before bein.-; cured. (Copyrighted 1928 by the Associated Press) KIN'flS HAY, Spitzbergen, June lit. P) (liusenpi lliogia, radio op-tfC-V;r of lnc Italia, reported to tlto Hp lmS 'sdin Cilia ill Mllnnn today lltat the Noiiile paity wns being ' 71'""nh '"""""'i ins tiriii ca rr viiii; iiiu iu- , bile party slowly in the direction ; of their wonld-he rescuers who are now malv ins; every effort in the sealer Hobby to reach North Cape, whore an air reconnoisance can be made toward Koyne iKland. It has nol been possible to es tablish contact with the portion of the crew which drifted away with the -';as has of the dirigible and their fate is unknown. It was stated that if the N'oblie party had been thrown from the llalla 111) to 4 1) inileit further to 1 lie fmutllftut, llicv would ;u;. e drifted la a south easterly direction toward the const ot Spitzbergen itself. KINfls II AY, SpilzherKen, .lime ' n. (!') An encounter with polar bears wan one of Ihe most drn- I niatic moments In lust week's rec- i onnaissance by Lieutenant Luet.ow Holm, who spent five iIuvh awny , rioni his base ship Hobby seeltiiiK I ti e Italin. tied up by fox anil kiiso- line shortage. Dctnlls of the adventure were., brought to Kings Hay todnv by the b-r breaker liruK.mzn, which put In here for further provisions. i When Lieutenant Holm and his i companion, Pilot Meier, were forced j to land at 11 randy Lay, because of log, Polar bears made their np- penrance while tho pilots were in : their sleeping bass. The iietirs dis- piayeu great curtosiiy nnout uio ! plang, approached it where It rested ; on the ice edge and nosed all over it. ,. j ItO.M K, .luno is. W general I'mberto Xobile's own story of the wrecking of the dliluihle Italhi in the A ret le was reeeived today by the Stefani News ngewy. j It was Miinniai izod as follows: "At 10:30 n. m.. on May 25 while the Italia was flying nor mally nt a height of BOO meters, suddenly the weight lnfrcaned np-. parently try snow and lee form mtt on the nag). i ne anxini began a rapid plunge, which It! WUH impossible to halt and In two mtntiics it crashed upon tho polar, r0 p(u.Ki I J .rno ra),n nmI mirt of tm, up j j ,.,. i,r,u Ing were torn away, while tho bag was carried by tho wind in un onstcrly direction. "vXmong the debris on the l'e all the occupants of tec cabin were found miraculously ' be alive. Scattered on the Ice around them wan almost nil the material which formed the cabin. "Only a minute after the plunge! ynbl'e and his companions cried' passionately. 'Viva Halln! "On the evening of .May 30. about 30 kilometers north of Koyne Mund, Captain A. Mariano n nd Captain Flllppo Happl ami Ihe Swedish scientist. lr. Finn Malmcren, started with Vmvlslons for Xorl h Cape. They Intended to "''r jf) kilometers a dny. "There wero left with Noblle the Czci-h-SI6vnk scientist. Pro fessor F, i.'chounek, Lieutenant A. vtclterl Engineer Trolnna. .Moto Chief Natal ciccionl and Oulscppl U.ojfoiil BOOMED FOR VICE PRESIDENCY WV S e " An additional impetus has been given the vice presidential boon of Hanford MacNider, former assistant secretary of war, at th reunion at St. Louis of the veterans of the Second Division, com. memorating the tenth anniversary of Chateau Thierry. For th past six months a committco from the division has been backing it former buddy for the vice presidential place on the Republican ticket KANSAS CITV, June 13. (H The Iowa delegation caucused to. day and voted unanimously to an port Hanford MucNIilcr tor the vlce luesidenllul nomination. Baseball Scores National . U. ' M 11 - a 12 4 ('inrinniiti .-. ft 'New Vork . S '' Itatlerlen: Mayn. May, Kolp, ' Rix"- und IMrfnich: Kautknt KariieH, II (Miry and O'Karrell. Ft. II. 13. i Chicago 'i U I Itrooklyn 7 I II 1 , Itatli-rfcs: .Miilnne. Weinert. and : llarlnetl; ance nud Oelu-rry. It. It R. St. Louis 1 112 I Huston s 1 :i ll llalteries: llbeui. I In I.I. and Wil son; r.rninlt, IMwards, Wert, and Taylor. It. II K. 1'lttsblirg 3 H Philadelphia, i II llatterles: (Irimes and Hut grenves; llenge, Sweullaiul IjuvIs. and AiuerJcan II. Washington Cleveland . Uatteries: l.l.enbee 1 4. Urown and Kfiina; I.. Hewell. ..7 14 n ... ft K 0 Alarberry, Sbauto and It. H. K.I Xew Vork ft I ft 2 (.'hit-ago (i 12 2 j HalterteH: lloyt nnd (Jiabnwr-kl; I Lyons and Al 'urdy. I R. II. K. l'hilndelphia ..." 1 'J 1 4 V Detroit ':. ft ft 2 liatterles: Quliitt nud t'orhrane; MillingK, S.n. 1 1, Smith nnd Hhea and Hargi'eave. - POHTLAXU, Ore., Juno 1.1. W1) Carrying ordem to arrest K. H. Ilest and Kmoiy Davis and move their families ironi the ground they occiiiy In the forest reservo In the Fish creek" district, near Uoschurg, loreii Cochran, Fnltcd Htatr-s deputy marshal left hold last night for Douglas county. Hecently tho government was informed that Itest and Davis woe Mill neciipyiiig the land, from whb-h tliey were ordered hist year because It wns not open to settle ment. Pest and Davis were cited for contempt of court last year for failure to obset vo a court order, directing their removal from the bind and biter each served a 2 day Jail sentence. On their re leiio they promised to mo their fa milieu out In the spring, Itoth hi o disabled ex -service men. Ilest is a World War vete ran anil Davis served !n tho Hpan-ish-American war. Cochran car ried a wad of posse slips to (wear In Help, If needed. EVERYTHING IS DECIDED BUT i ! FARM RELIEF Republicans Expect to Set tle Most Important Issue, However, Without Appeal to DelegatesHoover to Be Consulted. KAXSAS CITV, June 13. iff) The resolutions sub-committee of the republican national convention today reached an agreement on nil points for the party's platform ex cept that on farm relief, which will be left to the full committee for determination. After nearly 24 hours of continu ous, work, the Kiih-rJmmlttce ad journed shortly nfler 3 p. m. to meet later with the full committee at which time it will submit the platform as agreed upon and take up the farm relief question with that body. The suh-conimlttee with unex pected dispatch - approved planks on the many Ihsuch demanding Its attention. Including -the llorah plank speclfleally deelnrlng for en forcement of the J 8th amendment. From nlmnnt the outset disagree ment developed on the farm ques tion nml hours of ditrussfon still found members tn dlKogrcomnt. Heveral mem hers of the committee expressed heller that the gap had been narrowed considerably nnd predicted nn early determination of the question would ho reached by the full committee. WAHHI.VOTON. June 1 .1, HP) Secretary Hoover got his first com plete and personal report on the Kansas City situation today, when fieorgc !;. Ackerson, his private secretary, returned from the cone vent Ion scene, He was taken straight to the secretary's private office from his train nnd with George It. Baker went Into an in formal staff meeting, tur Intimate discussion of the two or three' de. clslons Immediately nwnltlng the secretary's word. Tilted back In his big office chair, the secretary and the little group of his aides talked over the situation. It was. known that his 1-nders ut Kansas Cty hnd told him that his opinion would be gladly accepted on the disputed points. How for he would use the veto potyer nnd what direction It would take were the topics of the early conference. The long distance telephone from Kansas City, over which Secretary or the Interior Work and Manager flood of his campaign forces kept the commerce secretary Informed, was In frequent use. Klgln will dedicate now airport July i. rinimrnn ATTACK ; Anti-Hoover Agrarians Not j Allowed in Convention Hall Wild Scenes En- j acted Outside 'We Don't j . Want Hoover!' Is Battle ; Cry G. 0. P. Leaders ! Not Disturbed. KAXHAR CITY, June 13. Two attempts by a throng protest ing the nomination of Herbert Hoover to enter the republican, convention hall were frustrated to day by police who rained their clubs menaciiiRly to ward off the crowd from the doors. Although nome loaders f the crowd cautioned against riotous conduct, some of the men, most of whom appeared to be farmer. HurKed against the door ami at onu time nearly oveivume the opposi tion of tho police. Finally the leadt-rs of the pro testors ot the upper hand and led the throng off, shouting alternate ly "We don't want Hoover," and bowing thWr heads to the tune of Chopin's funeral march. As tho music ended the crowd shouted: "Thftt'8 for Herbert Hoover's fu neral.". It was dlficiilt to determine just how many of those who partici pated In the demonstration were notinUy farmers. The leader of the grriiip; Edgar . "Bush, the re publican candidate for lieutenant governor of Indiana, said nil of them were protesting tho veto ot the MeNayy-ntiutren hill nud thu nomination of Hoover. I... V. Price, a I-uh Angeles at torney and d T-owden worker, at tempted to incite the throng to break through the doors, but Mush and W. H. Settle, president of the indianu Farm Hureau Fed eration, cautioned against this move and won out. After the sec ond attempt to get into the con vention ball hud faded, ,the pro testors marched to their headquar ter nml "adjourned" for the day. Lenders said the demonstration would be continued tonight nnd to- KANHAH CITY. June 13, WV A throng of farmers, protesting the nomination of Herbert Hoo ver and gathering numbers ns t proceeded, stormed the republican I convention hall today and were prevented from carrying their (cries to the delegates only by I the threatening clubs ot pnllce j men. ' " I Frustrated in their Initial en 'deavor to storm tho' Interior of 'the convention hall, the farmers, I shouting "we don't wnnt Hoover," at the top of their voices, surged j outside the hall in a disorderly and noisy fashion. The throng, which numbered perhaps between 1300 and 2000, was led to the very doors of tho auditorium by Edgar D. Push, formerly lieutenant governor of 1 Indiana and- now the republican, J candidate for that office. . The ' column of protester! swarmed right up to the front door of the uudltorlum and were half way I through the rnnwny which hor j dei's the hall proper when several ! squads of policemen rushed up I and by strenuous methods forced j them back outside, the door. . Having been repulsed ' In their j first attempt the farmers stood outside and shouted "once more t the farmers get kicked out," and "anybody but Hoover." After their attempt to enter tho convention hall had failed, a com mittee representing the protesters went Into" tho auditorium to ask tho presiding officer of tho con- f vontlon to permit the farmers to come In. The committee was composed of Senator Nye of North Dakota; Luke Duffy, a state sena tor from Indiana and Push. W. I. Settle, president of the Indiana State Farm Bureau Fed eration, also ono of the - lender In the demonstration, declared that of the officers of the con vention declined to permit the farmers to enter, there would be no forcible attempt to storm the doors. t- , i t Led by a brnss hand, whose musician were clad In overalls and straw hats, the farmers as sembled before the agricultural convention hendqttartcrs after they had been abjured again by farm leaders that 'wo don't want Hoo ver." "Don't Wnnt llnoverl" The group was placed tinder tho leadership of four JnrtlnnapnlU (Continued on Pact BUI