iHJvU-C vjivij nirtiij iivinui';. aihuruin',' uui'rtn;.v, w im n irM.' i , .(jnnnai . luc-t
BRADSTREET SEES
GOOD BUSINESS
DURING NEV YEAR
NEW YORK, Jan 2. Brndrttreet
Review nays today:
'iiiHt.f.n-twintv-thro, , mnnv'
sided vear one. in fur, in which
th u-nri "ir-.f iiiitr' n n.i itu nnv.
onyms became outworn from much
use. it saw the improvement, first
visible in the summer of 1921 and
the calendar vear 1922. antiarentlv
,..,lmln,t in th. wnftwI.hrouHn ln
dust rial . output of the first five
months. 'Following this came a taper-
ing off of activity and an ebbing of
optimism' which almost convinced
pessimistic prognosticators that they
had successfully forecast the future;,
but following this, in turn, came
fair , measure of improvement sue-
cessive gains scored in both wholesale
und .rettili trade over the preceding
year,' a speeding up of the industrial
pace in many lines, and a cheerful
ending, In a record holiday trade, of
on eventful twelve months. All in
all, the year resembled nothing so
, much as a military movement, at first
in the form of an advance along an en
tire front, later cheeked, and suc
ceeding In turn, came detached ad
vances or. retreats, accordingly as re
sistance developed or the Inequalities
of the terrain provided obstacles. In
dividual conditions. In other words,
either called for the putting forth of
renewed efforts at an advance, the
I consolidation of positions already won
or in a few instances made necessary
withdrawals, pending preparations
for n new advance. It is probably
wife to miy that the year was a dis
appointment alike to the over-san-
f'viruine and to ihe umlulv pessimistic,
although no doubt, both could ad-
cluce ahunuant proots from me years
happenings of the essential soundness.
of their varying predictions.
Itookiug rorwaid.
"In considering prospei-tg for the
coming year in trade and industry. It
is worth recalling that the tone of re
cent months has been much more
cheerful than that; say, in tho early
summer, or even in midautumn. Kor
this, the failure or many pessimistic
predictions In midyear is partly re
sponsible, and it is ev.dent that mas
psychology has had. and will have, an
important bearing upon the way men
will face the uncertainties of the
coming year. Thure Is no disposition,
however, to ignore the fact that
prices, and therefore all costs, in
cluding labor, are high, and history
may be cited to show that high costs
have tended to decline as the dis
tance from the war, which swelled
these costs, inVrenses. Hence the dis
position will be apparently to go for
ward cautiously, and to keep near
shore as regards buying for the fu
ture. In this direction, undoubtedly,
safety lies. JJut, on the other hand,
the prospects seem to favor a con
tinuance of the big construction pro
grams, especially (n building and rail
way betterment for which 1923 was
notable. Stirht must not be lost of
the fact that high labor prices have'
brought:,ln their train btgexpenditures
which in themselves have constituted
a powerfuj support for general trade
and industry. The automobile trade
continues one of the wonders of the
world, both as regards enormous out-
put and likewise In respect to the Im-
mense buying power revealed. Not
so much Is heard now of location of
the saturation point in the buying of
these things as of tle question as to
whether there will he room on the
..,i., t it ihnuu in iitjo tbnan
hfn.r v.im nr thrK rvneniori to ho
built In the years to come. As to the band jailed for disposing of $50,000 lation of the world ever Increase to
fact that the year now opening will worth of liberty bonds belonging to sUcn numbers ,that the food supply
see a presidential election with pre- her without her consent. win run ()Ut, ..Vo .. predicts Profes
sumably considerable excitement, it j Mrs. Gamble sued for divorce in fiop c c p,elm Qf th( departm(!nt of
Is' worth observing that research does -Paris last spring, and In September economic8 in tne University of Call
not altogether confirm the popular of this year society was startled to forn(a
Idea that a presidential election of and learn that the two Gamble children I(ut fhe profC8W)r qualifies his
by itself necessarily constitutea
diinger to business. There have been
some presidential elections when busi
neBa was very good, and othera when
It certainly was poor. To instance a
few, it may be remarked that 1892,
1900 and 1912 were good yeura in
l.ulnf.au u-htln TSlSJ 1 X fl R 11)04 fllld
1908 were rather poor specimens, in . wnimt ueuiiin.n-u " lation.
fact, examination of business history her husband on the ground that ho yet, he concedes, in certain coun
rather reveals other causes as mainly had failod to repay loans of $150,000, tries ,nls economic over-population
operative in both the Rood nnd bad .that she spent huge sums of her own ,aa OCCUrred. He cites tho annual
years. "Caution and conservatism may money in supporting herself nnd trhll- fainnes i china und India, which ho
be esteemed desirable, hut it may bo'dre". "1 "UU sne had paid many of contends, are due to the fact that the
observed that they have both been in ! her hUHbnnd s personal bills. birth rate never has been kept clown
evidence for manv months past, and1 Mrs. (Iambic inherited most of her ln thoso countries and consequently
no doubt will be found governing moat
It
operations in the yenr to come.
might well be wished that our legls
lators were inclined to ahow as much
caution as does nnd will the business
community, but perhaps this is too
much to ask. The one really comfort
ing reflection the public has, however.
Is that these gentlemen cannot, after
all, do much more than retard busi
ness, which has a way of going around
obstructions, although the task is
sometimes a trying one. 'At the pres
ent writing there does not seem to be
much disposition to expect any great
change in. .the fairly even tenor of
business ns a whole, which through
out the past year ranged from fair to
good."
Purdy Is Candidate Again.
SALEM, Ore., Jan. 2. Will E.
Purdy Of Salem yesterday announced ,
himseir.as a candidate ror the demo-
cratlc nomination for congress for the
first Oregon district.
VbAdk Standard Cold Remedy!
n disagreeable weather always
1 keen Kilia hanrfv. $tAtvfrf
cold mrtcdv world over fiw twn
gmcrations. JSafc and dependable.
uenuna
i nu iihu mnia,m na srvr fliecu n
Demand H
red bar
NEW SPIRIT IN '
BUSINESS NEEDED
10 CONQUER REDS
CINCINNATI, Jnn. 2. Lack of
i uuiiur unmng uuHinesy men is tne enier
re"Hon fr their work not helnir in
eluded 'he professions. Dr. Rudolph
Kinder, head of the department of
sociology. New York university, said
toi,ny at the meeting of the American
ior me Advancement
Science.
of
UuSlneSH
conditions had been ag
gravated, ho said, by war profiteering
an" subsequent slipshod methods of
trade, and the high business honor of
the few was not sufficient leaven to
raise the whole amount of "dough"
acquired by their many co-workers.
Schools of commerce were unable
lo mimm-sn a proit-ssnm uuuu
training -alone was insufficient, he de-
clared,
"If various forms of radicalism are
to be prevented from getting the up
per hand." he added, "all business
men must acquire a new spirit. Capi
talism has achieved wonderful re
sults and in order to preserve Itself
and civilization. It must odd, a new
achievement, that of genuine service,"
POllTLAXD, Oro.. Jan. The
body of J. Kmoto, a Jjtpane.se, 25, was
found early today beside a bunkhouse
of (h rmvU nn(i Wilson I.umhe
company ut ijnnton, suburb, under
conditions which led detectives to be
lieve that he was killed by a blow
upon the head with a club and pos
sibly thrown to the ground from a
second story window of the bunk
house.
Detectives were unable to gain any
Information as to a quarrel In the
bunkhouse, however, A workman
found Kmoto beside the bunkhouse
and trying to rouse him by a tup on
the shoulder, discovered him dead.
K. Ntauma, foreman of tho Japa
nese workmen of the mill, and head
of the bunkhouse occupied by Emoto,
told detectives he knew of no trouble
in the bunkhouse.
LITTLE MISS LONEY
NEW YORK Jurists of Paris. New
York and Jacksonville, Florida, are
growing slightly dizzy with the do-
mestic troubles of the Itobert H. Gnm-
hies.
This society pair, well known both
here and at Newport,! as well as in
the Southern resorts, have broken out
Into one of the most complex and.
long-continued legal battles ever
staged in the courts here. j
The latest move on the part of Mrs.
Gamble, who was . Virginia Bruce
T,onev. survivor nf tho Tusttanln dls-
aster, is an attemnt to have her hus-'
nad uisuppeaieo.
Kldnaping was feared and Mrs.
Gamble later enargeel ncr uusnunu
with huviliK stolen their children.
'PORTLAND JAP IS
FOUND MURDERED
wheli tho little tola wei-o found with Ho explllnB tn.lti UH a maUei- of atn
hlni In Florida. i tlstlca. thl.s prulmhly never cun hnp-
Fnllowrd In eitilik suceeaaion three i ..nt nnd cnniiitinna ni.
suitH. In the civil i-oui ta. In which
mother's eatnte of $1,000,000,
The
mother perished when the Lusltnnia
sank, but Miss Ivoney, tnen oiuy n
swam until she was rescued.
WHILE BIG BUILDING
WAS MOVED 85 FEE!
CHICAGO. A seven-story 7500 ton
brick building was moved 85 feet here
with Its elevator, light and telephone
servlco Intact and during which Its
offices were open v to tenants who
found u necegaary to enter.
. Tne minols Central railroad
terminal improvements now
in Us
being
made, was presented with the alterna
tive of dismantling the building, or
moving it. The structure was erected
about 30 years ago but it was In such
excellent condition the latter course
was taken. The actual moving was
accomplished in 24 hours hut it re
quired three months' preparation.
1 lorsoshoe Pitchers In A. A. I.
WILMINGTON, Ohio. Horseshoe
pitchers are now recognized as full
fledged athletes, the National Horse
shoe Pitchers' association having rati
fied an agreement with the Amateur
Athletic union to become part of that
body.
Announcement of the ratification
wns made by K. B. Howard, secretary
of the National Horseshoe Pitchers'
association.
Eats Moderately, But Has
Gained 723 Pounds Since Birth
Mot . 3t
Teoiiulo Vuloiiziiolo of I.os An-:
roles, Californlu. who weighs 74b
pounds despito the fact that ho '
eats but two moderate meals a day i
llo was 22 pounds at birth and ho (
EXPECT TO FIND
KING TUT JEWELS
N NEXT CASKET
U'XOIl, .lan. 2. ( lly the Asso
ciated Press): With the removal of
the roof of the great canopy over the
, sarcophagus of Pnraoh Tutenkhamon
the next operation confronting the ex
cavators Is the dismantling of the
sides of the outer shrine. The com
pletion of this task will virtually con
clude the preliminary work of this
season nnd Howard Carter's men will
then enter upon fresh discoveries.
Hopes are high here that the sec
ond casket, which the correspondent
is assured, has never been opened.
will contain one of those rich and
beautiful finds of royal jewelry with
which the records of Egyptology are the liberals and conservatives to sup
starred. I l01t the Pa Id win ministry on some
The exuuinlte golden crowns, neck-
laces, bracelets, mirrors and daggers
belonging to the princesses of the,
twelfth dynasty, known as "the treas-
tire of Dahshur." which are now in ;
the Cairo museum, show what heights '
of artistry tho goldsmiths of that ;
flourishing era of ancient Egyptian j
history were capable of attaining.
F
TO FEED POPULACE
BERKELEY, Cal. Will the popu
negative by saying that if the popula-
tiQn Qf the worlrf evpr increnH(JH -l3
fuI afi u hjlR the power l0( lhftre
,...!, ...in i,0 .. slm-t:iire of food,
wny8 intervene to prevent over-popu-
tne f00(i supply proves inadequate.
Dread diseases always follow fam
ine in the train of excessive popula
tion nnd shortage of food," the pro
fessor points out. and he states fur
ther that as population increases the
land Is proportionately overworked.
"In America, especially, population
has always been held in cheek. People
nre made to realize the importance of
keeping n balance between the popu
lation and the food supply- Farmers
manage, to produce enough food to
satisfy everybody, even though agri
cultural methods Improve more slowly
than the population increases. The
I amount of effort expended in labor
Land machinery for getting food Is in
I creasing steadily, so that, although
population tends to Increase more
rapidly than food, there never will be
danger of food giving out." i
WASHINGTON, Jan." 2. Colonel
William P. Burnham, commanding at
tho I'residio. San Francisco, has been
appointed brigadier general, filling
the vacancy created by tne promotion
of Major General Gordon last No
vember. General Hurnham Is tho senior In
fantry officer of tho army and rose
from the ranks. During the world
war he commanded the 164th Infantry
brigade nnd later the 82nd division In
France during the St. Mlhlel and
Meuae-Arsonno offensives.
has put on weight ronilstendy
since that tlnin. with lilpi In the
photo aro Mrs. Vulenzunlo and
their two children. Theodore and
Kdward.
PREDICTS LABOR
ENGLAND SOON
LONDON. Jan. 2. Prime Minis
ter Italdwln is expected to return to
Loudon from his Christmas holiday
in the country today and an early
meeting of the cabinet to complete
the king's speech for the opening of
parliament a week from tomorrow is
foreshadowed. 1
Newspapers whose avowed object is
to prevent. If possible the installation
of a socialist government, renew to-
day stories that a considerable sec-
tion of the liberals Is dissatisfied with
the attitude of Herbert Asqulth and
other leaders nnd is working for un
arrangement, amounting to a fusion of
agreed non-party program to keep
the socialists out.
The Times professes to be able to
correct these reports, saying that
Ramsay Maclonald 'will take over
the premiership before the end of
January with the full consent of the
conservatives and with the assistance
of the liberals.
FREAR IS URGED
'
,, r,.TTmrt .
WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 Ueprcsen-
tativo Frear, republican. Wisconsin, in
renewing his demand for a sweeping
inquiry Into conditions In the Philip-
pines, has taken the position that
the scope of such an investigation
cannot be determined until ordered
by the house or the senate.
BYDEI10CRATST0
PR0BEW00DCA.SE
Urged by Senator Caraway, demo- smaller companies were forced to
crat, Arkansas, and others, to press suspend or reduce their dividends,
forward an inquiry Into the business The automobile Industry had the
affairs of Leonard Wood, Jr., and the ' host year in Its history, nearly 4.000,
stock market trading activities of ' 000 cars and trucks being manufac
Lleutenant Osborne Wood as well assured during tho year. This brought
the administration of their father, (the total cars In use in this country to
Oovornor General AVood, in the approximately 14,000.000, or DO per
Phllipplnes. Mr. Frear has declined to Icont of the world's supply. Production
amend his resolution calling for on 'schedules recently announced by the
investigation which has been referred
to the rules committee.
Mr. Frenr declared yesterday, how
ever, that a "probe should be made
Into some of the reputed Aladdin
Lamp Oil transactions of Osborne
Wood, that finally called for action
by the secretary of war and the presi
dent of the United States," nnd Sena
tor Caraway said he intended to turn
over to the representative some corre
spondence ho has received on the
activities of Leonard Wood, Jr.
II
E
PORTLAND, Ore., Jan. 2. Parents
police detectives today were trying to
find a clue to incendiaries suspected
of starting the fire which Saturday
night swept the synogogue of Congre
gation Doth Israel, the board of trus
tees of the congregation was taking
preliminary steps toward building a
new structure to cost $300,000 on the
site of the building which was reduced
to a skeleton by the flames.
The fire, it been me known today,
destroyed a library including many
rare books. Including relitrlous vol-
um(,H mnv C(.nturieB old. Homo of
these, produced in Jerusnlcm had
neen p,.nt lo America after having
been In Spain several centuries.
CUTS-SORES
Cleanse thoroughly then,
without rubbing, apply
WORLD PROSPERITY
AWAITS SETTLEMENT!
RUHR CONTROVERSY
i
NEW YORK. Jan. 2. (Hy tho As
sociated Press.) Ilusiness in tho
United States during 11H!3 was good in
most lines, with the outlook for
regarded as encouraging by many
business and banking leaders. While
opinion is divided as to the extent
which domestic business has suffered
by the unsettled economic condition
of Europe, there is a unanimity of
opinion among industrial executives
that a satisfactory solution of the
troublesome reparations problem
would stimulate business and in
crease industrial activity in this
country.
Freed from the heavy expenses en
tailed by the prolonged shopmen's
strike and the loss of revenue from
the miners' strike, which caused enor
mous losses In 1U22. tho railroads
generally enjoyed a prosperous year.
Net Income of Class One roads for the
first ten months of 1923, the latest
figures available, totaled approxi
mately $8 20,000,000, an increase of
$20(5,000,000 over the corresponding
period of 1923, with indications that
the year's total net income would
reach 51,000,000,000.
Freight traffic reached record
breaking proportions, the weekly car
loadings exceeding tho million mark
more than 20 times. The Increased
efficiency In loading and moving cars
was shown by an increase of approxi
mately 30 per cent in net ton miles
over 1922. Huge sums were spent for
new equipment, the purchase of
which was financed largely by short
term obligations known as equipment
trusts. The llaltimore & Ohio rail
road resumed dividends on its com
mon stock during tho year, tho New
York Central Increased its annual div
idend from 5 to 7 per cent, and the
Gulf. Mobile & Northern declared an
initial dividend of 1 per cent on Its
preferred stock. The Louisville &
Nashville railroad declared a stock
dividend of t21j per cent.
For the first time since 1917 the
railroads showed an increase In the
construction of main line mileage.
Important construction developments
under way Include the linking up of
tn SnllIhorn pm.ifln wih mv1 ,-itv
thtJ dou,,ie tI.acklllg of tho SulUrt Fe,
tht! cut.off operations of the New
York Central at Albany nnd of the
mi0s central on Its main line
Elimination of the 12 hour day at
the suggestion of the late Presidont
Harding wns one of tho outstanding
developments of tho steel industry in
1923. E. 1 1. Gary, chairman of the
United States Steel Corporation, est!
mated, when tho announcement was
made, that tho change In Working
hours would increase tho cost of pro-
duction by 15 percent. Reyord-break-
ing building construction, much of
wnicn was delayed by tho war, and
unusually large railroad orders helped
to offset the loss of export bu'iiuess
through tho economic disturbance of
Kurope. Material for reconstruction
work in Japan was an important fac
tor in the closing months of the year.
Tho declaration of an extra dividend
of 14 of 1 percent by tho U. H. Hleel
Corporation on (Jet. 30 was generally
construed as an expression of confi
dence in the immediate business
future.
Heavy over-production of crude oil
in California followed by the discovery
of a big productive field In Central
Texas unsettled the oil market, fore
ing crude prices to very low levels
land bringing about a gasoline price
cutting war in various sections of tho
country, despito tho fact that con
sum,Hi(m WftH Kre(lter than ever bo
fore. The increase in domestic pro
Auction more than offset tho loss in
Mexico, where many wells ran into
alt water earlier In the year. In
order to conserve their cash resources
d finance huge quantities of oil and
gasoline ln storage, several of the
larger companies Indicate that the
output in the first three months of
1924 will exceed thnt of the corre
sponding period ln 11)23.
Production of railroad equipment
also reached new high records as a re
sult of extensive replacements made
by all the leading railroad systems.
GOLDS
GRIP
Fortify the system against
Colds, Grip and Influenza
by taking
which destroy germs, act as a
tonic laxative, and keep the sys
tem in condition to throw off
all attacks of Colds, Grip and
Influenza.
The box bears this signature
Price 30c
MBronw I
Quinine
It Is estimated that the railroads of
the 1'nited States spent approximately
$3,100,000,000 for equipment In 1923.
Forward buying thus far indicates an
other huge outlay next year.
Importation of large quantities of
cheap copper from Africa and South
America unsettled th domestic cop
per market, de.spite the fact that con
sumption was greater than ever be
fore, and in excess of domestic pro
duction. The sharp diminution in
export demand, due to the unsettled
economic conditions abroad, sent the
price of the red metal down to whec
but few companies could operate at
I
a satisfactory profit. One of the out
standing developments In the industry
j was the purchase of tho Chile Copper
j company nnd the American liras
'company by the Anaconda Copper
J company.
j Fear of a sugar shortage In mid
summer, which led to a temporary era
of heavy speculation In sugar futures.
I proved to be unfounded. Sugar pro-
uuviiik i-iJiiii'iuiK-n Aut-t-fvut:u ill ' re
couping somo of the heavy post-war
Iohpos, dividends being resumed in a
few cases.
Cotton prices reached the highest
levels In more than three years on a
shortage In tho crop, due primarily to
the ravages of tho boll weevil. Un
seasonable weather and a heavy de
mand for the raw product were other
contributory causes to the higher
prices.
Relatively low wheat prices, due to
a reduction in export demand, over
production and Increased competition
by Canadian growers, led to sugges
tions of reduced freight rates on grain
for export by President Coolldge and
prominent western legislators. Other
farm products showed material In
creases in value, particularly corn.
Mail order houses and chain stores
did a record breaking business. How
ever, tho leather, rubber, chemical,
shipping nnd motion picture indus
tries had periods of depression from
which they had not fully recovered at
the end of tho year.
Considerable interest was aroused
in financial and business circles in
the closing weeks of tho year by Sec
retary Mel Ion's recommendations for
a reduction In income taxes, which
was endorsed by President Coolidge
In his first message to congress. The
belief was widely held that the reduc
tions proposed would do much to
stimulate business activity In the com
ing year.
Increase; S. V. Herald Prle
SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 2. Tho
Daily Illustrated Herald, a tabloid
novvspaper, started hero on December
10 by Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr., yes
terday increased Its price from one to
two cents a copy on street sales. The
subscription price remains at 25 cents
a mouth.
Inventory lllanks
Before starting your Inventory call
at this office and see the specially
ruled and printed blanks, made up
In proper columns and tabulated to
make Inventory easier. tf
ft
OF BEAUTIFUL HAIR
35c "Dandcrinc" so Improves
Lifeless, Neglected Hair
Cirlfi! An abundance of luxuriant
hair full of gloss, gleams und life
shortly follows a genuine toning up
of inflected scalps with dependable
"Ihinderine."
Palling linir, itching sculp nnd die
dundniH is corrected immediately. Thin,
THE VICTOR
Medford Book Store
34 No. Central Ave.
Uncle Si Says:
"Prevention is better than cure
and a darn site cheaper"
Look out for your radiator this cold weather.
We furnish the anti-freeze mixture at the
lowest price.
Medford Pharmacy
Phone 10 Free Delivery
W000 IN BOGUS -TEN
DOLLAR BILLS
IN CIRCULATION
CHICAGO. Jan. 2. Counterfeit
10 federal reserve notes of a face
value of more than 9000,000 are being
circulated between the Atlantic coast
and Kocky mountains, according to
leuerai secret service men wno re
cently unearthed 9 00 of the bogus
bills in an underground cache near
here.
Five persons. Including a woman
have been arrested in St. Louis, Chi
cago and St. Paul and government op
eratives nre searching in every middle
western city for the Bource of the
monev. Thn bf 11h nrn nil If I h run rlrt.
bear a portrait of Andrew Jackson,
nre marked Scries 7-G with the num-
her D-333 under the seal, and altho?
slightly off color on tho reverse side.
are said to be hard to detect.
The burled bills were found by
detectives after their location was
told by Homer Sweeney, arrested with
his wife, Mao Sweeney, after they hnd
attempted to circulate some of the
bills In St. Louis and St. Paul, accord
ing to detectives.
KILLS SKLF KATIIKK T1IAV
SIlAlti: HOMK AS LAW IIUECTED
TRFPTOW, Germany Paul Nickel
formerly chief of tho local board of
Treptow, killed himself rather than
surrender two rooms of his dwelling
to a family with many children, ln
accordance with an order by the"
housing committee.
Nickel, who was 70 years old, had
resisted the commnndeerlng" of his
rooms, but when It became evident
that ho would lope the case and be
forced to share his home with stran
gers, ho shot himself. This did not
kill him. so he hanged himself, leav
ing a letter saying he could not bear
to have part of his home taken from
him.
A Good. Thing - ION'T MISS IT.
Send your name and add rest plainly
(rritten together with 5 cents (and thu ;
1 lip) to Chamberlain Medicine Co., Dei
Moines, Iowa, and receive in return a
trial package containing Chamberlain1!
Cough Remedy for coughs, colds, aroup,
bronchial, "flu" and whooping coughs,
and tickling throat: Chamberlain! Stom
ach and Liver Tablets for stomach trou
bles, indi gen tion, gassy pains that crowd
(lie heart, bil'ioiiHneaa and constipation;
Chamberlain's Salve, needed in-every
family for burn a, scalds, wounds, piles,
and skin affections; these valued family
medicines for only 6 cents, Dou't mint it.
dry, wispy or fading hnir Is quickly in-
..p,"-.fi, oui:iifii.ii,
and youthful beauty. "Ihvnderinc" is
delightful on the hair; a refreshing,
stimulating tonic not sticky or greasy 1
Any drugstore
9 Keys to add with
in lc to million.
And only $105 cash,'
$110 monthly pay-,
mcnts.
A machine with less
keys is a nuisance.
V 1 . ...