COOLIDGE DELIVERS
; FIRST MESSAGE TO
AMERICAN PEOPLE
(Continued From Page One)
KOne. . We remain. . It is our duty,
under the inspiration of his example,
, to take up the burdens which he was
permitted to lay down, and to develop
and support the wise principles of
government which he represented.
Ixwguo Ik Dead
For us peace reigns everywhere. We
desire to perpetuate It always by
granting full Justice to others and re
quiring of others full justice to our
selves. Our country has one cardinal prin
ciple to. maintain in its foreign policy.
Jt is an American principle. It must
he an American policy. We attend to
our - own affairs, conserve .our own
strength, and protect the interests of
our own citizens: but we recognize
thoroly our obligation to help others,
reserving to the decision of our own
Judgment the time, the place, and the
method. We realize the common bond
of humanity. We know the inescap
able, law of service,
, Our country has definitely refused
to adopt and ratify the covenant of
the League of Nations. We have not.
felt warranted in assuming the re
sponsibilities which its members have
assumed. I am not proposing any'
change in this policy; neither is the
senate. The incident, so far as we are
. concerned, is closed. The league ex
ists as a foreign agency. We hope It
.will be helpful. l!ut the United States
' sees no reason to limit its own free
dom and independence of nction by
Joining It. We shall do well to recog
nize this baste fact In all national
affairs and govern ourselves accord
ingly. Favors World Court
Our foreign policy has nlways been
guided by two principles. The one Is
;the avoidance of permanent political
alliances which would sacrifice our
proper independence. The other is
the peaceful settlement of controver
sies between nations. By example and
by treaty we have advocated arbitra
tion. Forvnearly 25 years we hove
; .been a member of The Hague Tri
bunal, and have long sought the cren
tlon of a permanent World Court of
Justice. I am In full accord with both
of these policies. I favor the estab
lishment of such a court intended to
.include the whole world. That is,
and haa .long been, an American
policy.
Pending before the senate is a pro
posal that this government give its
support to the Permanent Court of
International Justice, which Is a new
and somewhat different plan. This is
not a partisan quostion. It should not
assume an artificial Importance. The
, court is merely a convenient instru
ment of adjustment to which we could
. go, but to which wo could not be
brought. It should be discussed with
entire candor, not by a political but
by a Judicial method, without pres
sure and without prejudice. Parti
sanship has no place In our foreign
relations. As I wish to see a court
established, and as the proposal pre
sents the only practical plan on which
many nations have ever agreed, tho
It may not meet every desire, I there
fore commend it to the favorable con
sideration of the senate, with the pro
posed reservations clearly indicating
our refusal to adhere to the League of
Nations.
Can't RcooftniM Russia, 'et'
Our diplomatic relations, lately so
' largely Interrupted, are now being re-
' sumed, but Russia presents notable
difficulties. We have every desire to
see that great people, who are our
traditional friends, restored to their
position among the nations of the
earth. We have relieved their piti
able destitution with , an enormous
: charity. Our government offers no
objection to the carrying on of com-
-fnerce by our citizens with the people
of Russia. Our government does not
propose, however, to enter into rela
tions with another regime which re-
1 fuses to recognize the sanctity of in
ternational obligations. I do not pro
nose to barter away for the privilege
of trade any bf the cherished rights
of humanity. I do not propose to
"make merchandise of any American
principles. These rights and princi
ples must go wherever the sanctions
of our government go.
But while the favor of America is
not for sale, I am willing to make
very large. concessions for the purpose
of rescuing the people or itussia. ai
ready encouraging evidences of re
turning to the ancient ways of society
can be detected. Bui more are need
ed. ' Whenever there appears any dls
The Secret
of Good
Baked Beans
KITCHEN BOUQUET
does for baked beans
what it does for gravies
greatly adds to their
flavor and improves
their color.
In Boston, where the
preparation of all kinds
of beans has reached a
perfection that is the
despair of all other sec
tions, KITCHEN BOU
QUET is most liberally
used. '
Preparing for the oven,
add a tablespoonful to
a quart of beans. Pre
pare your beans the
Boston way.
mam bodquct
position to compensate our citizens
who were despoiled, and to recognize
ihut debt contracted with our govern
ment, not by the czar, but by the new
ly formed Kepublio of Russia; when
ever the active spirit of enmity to our
institutions is abated; whenever there
appear works mete for repentance:
our country ought to be the first to
go to the economic and moral rescue
of Russia. We have every desire to,
help and no desire to Injure. We
hope the time is near at hand when
we can act.
Foreign Debts Must Be Paid
The current debt and interest due
from foreign governments, exclusive
of the British debt of $4,600,000,000.
la about $7,300,000,000. 1 do not
favor the cancellation of this debt,
but I see no objection to adjusting it
in accordance with the Principle
adopted for the British debt. Our
country would not wish to assume the'
role of an oppressive creditor, but
would maintain the principle that
financial obligations between nation
are likewise moral obligations which
international faith and honor require
should be discharged.
Our government has a liquidated
claim against Germany for the ex
pense of the army of occupation of
over $255,000,000. Besides this, the,
mixed claims commission have before
them about 12,500 claims of American
citizens, aggregating about. $1,225,
000,000. These claims have already
been reduced by a recent decision, but
there are valid claims reaching well
toward $500,000,000. Our thousand?
of citizens with credits due them of
hundreds of millions of dollars have
no redress save in the action of our
government. These are very substan
tial Interests, which it is the duty of
our government to protect as best it
can. Thnt course I propose to pursue.
It Is for these reasons that we have
a direct Interest In the economic re
covery of Europe. They are enlarged
by our desire for the stability'of civi
lization and the welfare of humanity.
That we are making sacrifices to that
end none can deny. Our deferred in
terest alone amounts to a million dol
lars every day. But recently we of
fered to aid with our advice and coun
sel. We have reiterated our desire to
see Frnnce paid and Germany re
vived. Wo have proposed disarma
ment.1 We have earnestly sought to
compose differences nnd restore
peace. We shall persevere In well-1
doing, not by force, but by reason.
Fiscal Condition
Our main problems are domestic
problems. Financial stability is the
first requisite of sound government.
We can not escape the effect of world
conditions. We can not avoid .the
inevitable results of tho economic dis
orders which have reached all na
tions. But we shall diminish their
harm to us in proportion as we con
tinue to restore our government fi
nances to a secure and endurable po
sition. This we can and must do.
Upon that firm foundation rests the
only hope of progress and prosperity.
From that source must come relief
for the people,
Support tho Budget
This la being accomplished by a
drastic but orderly retrenchment,
which is bringing our expenses within
our means. The origin of this has
been tho determination of the Amer
lean people, the main support has
been the courage of those in author
lty, and the effective method has been
the budget system. The result has
involved real sacrifice by department
heads, but it has been made without
flinching. This system is a law of the
congress. It represents your will. It
must be maintained and ought to be
strengthened by the example of your
observance. Without a budget system
there can be no fixed responsibility
and no constructive scientific econ
omy, .
This great concentration' of effort
by tho administration and. congress
has brought the expenditures, exclu
slve of the self-supporting post office
department, down to three billion dot
lars. It Is possible, in consequence, to
make a large reduction In the taxes
of the people, which is the sole object
of all curtailment. This Is treated at
greater length in the budget message,
and a proposed plan has been pre
sented In detail In a statement by the
secretary of the treasury which has
my unqualified approval. I especially
commend a decrease on earned in
comes, and further abolition of ad
mission, message, and nuisance taxes
The amusement and educational value
of moving pictures ought not to be
taxed. Diminishing charges against
moderate Incomes from investment
will afford Immense relief, while a
revision of the surtaxes .will not only
provide additional money for capital
investment, thus stimulating Industry
and employing more labor, but will
not greatly reduce the revenue from
tha source, and may In the future
actually increase it.
Being opposed to war taxes In time
of peace, I am not In favor of excess
profits taxes. A very great .service
could be rendered through immediate
enactment of legislation relieving the
people cf some of the burden of taxa
tion. To reduce war taxes Is to give
every home a better chance.
Taxes Must Be Reduced
For seven years the people have
borne with uncomplaining courage
the tremendous burden of national
and local taxation. These must both
be reduced. The taxes of tho nation
must be reduced now as much as pru
dence will permit and expenditures
must bo reduced accordingly. High
taxes reach everywhere and burden
everybody. They bear most heavily
upon the poor. They diminish Indus
try and commerce. They make agri
culture unprofitable. They increase
the rates on transportation. They are
a .charge on every necessary of life
Of all services which the congress can
render to the country, I have no hesi
tatlon in declaring this one to be
paramount. To neglect It, to post
pone It, to obstruct it by unsound pro
posals. Is to be" co me unworthy of pub
lic confidence and untrue to public
trust. The country- wants this mea-
sure to have the right of way over all
others. ,
Omtoseft Tax Kxenipllon
Another reform which is urgent In
our fiscal system Is the abolition of
the right to issue tax-exempt secur
Ities. The existing ' system not only
permits a large amount of the wealth
of the nation to escape Its just burden
but acts as a continual stimulant to
municipal extravagance. This should
be prohibited by constitutional
amendment. AH ;the wealth of the
nation, ought to contribute Its .fair
share to the expenses of the nation.'
Let Tariff lw fttand - - I
The present tariff law ha accom-'
arEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE,
pllshed its two main objects. It has-
secured an abundant revenue and
been productive of an abounding
prosperity. L'ndwr it the country Iiuh
had a very large export and import
trade. A constant revision of the
tariff by the congress is disturbing
and harmful. The present law con
tains an elastic provision authorising
the president to increase or decrease
present schedules not In excess of 50,
per centum to .meet the difference in'
cost of production at home and
abroad. This does 'not, to my mind,
warrant a rewriting of tho whole law.
but docs mean, and will be so admin
istered, that whenever the required
Investigation, shows that inequalities
of sufficient importance exist in any
schedule, the power to chnnge them
should and will be applied.
Must Have Morel in i it Marine
The entire well being, of our coun
try is dependent upon transportation
by sea and land. Our government
during the war acquired a large mer
chant fleet which should be trans
ferred, as soon as possible, -to private
ownership and operation under con
ditions which would secure two re
sults: First, nnd of prime importance,
adeqpnte means for national defense:
second, adequate service to American
commerce. Until shipping conditions
are such that our fleet can be disposed
of. advantageously under thase'condi-J
tions, it will be operated as economi
cally ns possible under such plans as
may be devised from time to time -by
the shipping board. We must have a
merchant marine which meets these
requirements, nnd we shall havo to
pay the cost of its service.
Railroads Must Pay
Criticism of the rullroud law ha?
been directed, first, to the section
laying down the rule by which rates
are fixed, and providing for payment
to the government and use of excess
earnings; second, to tho method for
the adjustment of wage scales; and
third, to the authority permitting con
solidations.
It has been erroneously assumed
that the act undertakes to guarantee
railrond earnings. The law requires'
that rates should be just and reason- I
able. Thnt has always been the, rule
under which rates have been fixed. 1
To make a rate that does not yield a I
fair return results In confiscation, and
confiscatory rates are' of course un-,
constitutional. Unless the government
adheres to the rule of making a rate
that wilt yield a fair return, it must
abandon rate making altogether. The
IlOW U1IU llIlJOI lUJJl ICUIUIO Ul HUll
part of the law is the recapture and
redistribution of excess rates. The
constitutionality of this method is
now before the supremo court for ad
judication. Their decision should be
awaited before attempting further
legislation on this subject. Further
more, the Importance of this feature
will not be great if .consolidation goes
into effect.
Consolidation Favored
The law. for consolidations' :ls not.
sufficiently effective to be expedi
tious. Additional legislation Is needed
giving authority for voluntary con
solidations, both regional and routo,
and providing government imnchinery
to aid and stimulate such action, al
ways subject to the approval of the
interstate commerce commission. This
should authorize the commission to
appoint committees for each proposed
group, representing the public and the
component roads, with power to nego
tiate with individual security holders
for an exchange of their securities
for those- of the consolidation on such
terms and conditions as the commis
sion may prescribe for avoiding any
confiscation and preserving fair val
ues. Should this permissive consoli
dation prove ineffective after a limit
ed period, the authority of the gov
ernment will hove to be directly
Invoked.
Consolidation appears to ,be the
only feasible method for the mainten
ance of an adequate system of trans
portation with an opportunity so to
adjust -freight rates as to meet suqh
temporary conditions as now prevail
in some agricultural sections. .Com
petent authorities agree that an entire
reorganization of the rate structure
for freight Is necessary. This should
be ordered at once by congress.
Enforce Prohibition
The prohibition amendment to the
constitution requires the congress nnd
the president to provide adequate
laws to prevent its violation. It is
my duty to enforce such laws. For
that purpose a treaty is being nego
tiated with Great Britain with respect
to the right of search of hovering
vessels. To prevent smuggling, the
coast guard should - be greatly
strengthened, and a supply of swift
power boats should be provided. The
major sources of , production should
be rigidly regulated, and every effort
should be made to suppress Interstate
traffic. With this action on the part
of the national government, and the
cooperation which is usually rendered
by municipal and state authorities,
prohibition should be made effective.
Free government has no greater men
ace than disrespect for authority and
continual violation of law. It b the
duty of a citizen not only to observe
the law but to let It be known that he
Is opposed to its violation.
. The Negro
Numbered among our population
are some 12,000,000 colored people.
Under our constitution their rights
are just as sacred- as those of any
other citizen. It Is both a public and
a private duty to protect those rights.
The congress ought to exercise all Its
powers of prevention and punishmont
against the hideous crime of lynching,
of which the negroes are by no means
he sole sufferers, hut for which they
lurnisn a majority oi tne victims.
Civil Service
The maintenance and extension .of
the classified civil service is exceed
ingly important. There are nearly
550,000 persons in the executive olvil
service drawing about $700,000,000 of
yearly .compensation. Four-fifths of
these are In the classified service. This
method of selection of the employes'
of the United States la especially de
si ruble for the post office, department.
The civil service commission has rec
onmended that postmasters at ;flrst,
second, and (third class offices be
classified, Such action, accompanied
by a repeal of the four-year term of
office, would undoubtedly be an im
prove me nt. 1 also .recommend that
the field force for prohibition en
forcement be brought within the
Lclasaifled civil sec vice .without cover
lng In the present membership. The
best method for selecting public ser
vants Is, the merit system.
Illiteracy a Peril '
Having in mind that education In
peculiarly ft local problem, and that
MEDTFOKD, ORE(iOX, -THURSDAY, DECEMBER
it should always be pursued with -the
largest freedom of choit-e by students
and parent. nevtM-thflt'ss, the federal
government mtKbt well give the bene
fit of Its counsl ami encouragement
more freely in this direi'tton. If any
one doubts the need of concerted
nction by the states of the nation for
this purpose, It is only necessary to
consider the appalling figures of Illit
eracy representing a condition which
does not vary much In nil parts of the
union. I do not favor the making of
appropriations from the national
treasury to be expended directly on
local education, but 1 do consider It a
fundamental requirement of national
activity, which, accompanied by allied
subjects of welfare 1b worthy of a
separate department and n place In
the cabinet. The humnnltnrlan side
of government should not be repressed
but should be cultivated.
Mere intelligence, however, Is not
enough. Enlightenment must be ac
companied by that moral power
which is the product of the home and
of religion. Heal education nnd true
weifnre for the people rest Inevitably
on this foundation, which the govern
ment can approve nnd commend, but,
which the people themselves must
create. '
' Immigration
American Institutions rest solely on
good citizenship.' They were created,
by people who had a background of
self-government. New arrivals should
be limited to our capacity to absorb
them into the ranks of good citizen
ship, America must be kept Amer
ican. For this purpose, it is neces
sary to continue a policy of restricted
immigration.
Opposed to Ron us
No more Important duty falls on
the government of the United Statest
than the adequate care of Its veterans.
Those suffering disabilities incurred
in tho service must have sufficient
hospital relief and compensation.
Their dependents must be supported.1
Rehabilitation and vocational training
must be completed. All of this service
must be clean, must be prompt and
effective, and It must be administered
in a spirit of the broadest and deepest
human sympathy. If investigation
reveals any present defects of admin
istration or need of legislation, orders
will bo given for the immediate cor-:
1
HT7
, . -;.
ing patronage. .
freution of administration, and recom
mendations for legislation should be'
'given the highest preference.
At present there art) H.'iOO vacant
I beds In government hospitals, I rec
ommend that all hospitals be author
used at once to receive nnd care for.
without hospital pay, the veterans of
all wars needing such care, whenever
t there are vacant beds, and that im-I
mediate steps be taken to enlarge and
build new hospitals to Berve all such
cases. . ' '
t The American Legion will present
to the congress a legislative program
too extensive for detailed discussion
here". Jt is a carefully matured plan.
While some of It X do not favor, with
much of It 1 am in hearty accord, and I
I recommend that a most painstaking
effort be mnde to provide remedies
for any defects la the administration
of the present laws which their ex-
porience has revealed. The attitude !
of'tho government toward these pro-'
posals should be one of generosity. I
But 1 do not favor tho granting of a
bonus.
Help for Farmer '
, Aided by the sound principles
adopted by the government, the busi
ness of the country has had an extra
ordinary revival. looked at as a
whole, the nntlon is in the enjoyment
of remnrkablo prosperity. Industry
and commerce are thriving. For the
most part agriculture is successful,
eleven staples having risen in value
from about $5,800,000,000 two yours
ngo to about $7,000,000,000 fur the
current yen.r. But range cattle nre
still low n price, and sonic, sections of
the wheat area, notably Minnesota,
North Dakota, und on west, haVe had
many cases of actual distress. With
his products not selling on a parity
with the products of Industry, every
sound remedy thnt can be devised
should be applied for the relief of tho
farmer. He represents a character,
a type of citizenship, nnd a public
necessity that must be preserved nnd
afforded every facility for regaining'
prosperity, ( .
The distress. Is most acute among
those wholly, depondent upon one
crop. Wheat acreage was greatly ex
panded nnd has not yet been suffic
iently reduced. A large amount Is
raised for export, which has to meet
the competition In the world market
of large amounts raised on land much
ANNOUNCING
j .0
The Formal
Fine New
Joh
J
ewelry Store
t 4''-.. Ll
1 p. i
Saturday,
Afternoon
i. a f (
'i- 1 .i
We welcome you to our, new store with considerable pride and pleas
ure, not only from the fact that it is Southern Oregon's finest Jewelry
store, but from the knowledge that your .good will and patronage has
made such a store possible. ( .
We have added every modern convenience and 'installed the latest
equipment to take prompt and efficient care of our constantly grow
With enlarged quarters and greatly increased stocks,
this fine new store will rank with the best of the state.
. t
Favors for
l: ft ' I .JJ
6, 192..
cheaper and much more productive.
No complicated scheme of relief, no
plan for government fixing of prices,
no i etmri to the public treoHUry will
be of any permanent value in estab
lishing agriculture. Simple and direct
methods put into operation hy the far
mer himself are the only real sources
for restoration. 1
Indirectly the farmer must lie re
lieved by a reduction of national and
local taxation. He must be assisted
by the reorganization of the freight
rate structure which could reduce
charges on his production. To make
this fully effective there ought to be
railroad consolidations. Cheaper fer
tilizers must be provided.
Me must have organization. His
customer with whom he exchanges
products of the farm for those of in
dustry Is orgnnized, labor Is organized
business is nrrnnlfced, and there Is no
way for agriculture to meet this un
less It, too. Is organized. The acreage
of wheat Is too large. Unless wo can
meet the world market at a profit,
we must stop raising for export. Or
ganization would help to reduce ncre
age. Systems of cooperative market
ing created by the farmers themselves
supervised by compotent management
without doubt would be of nHHlstance,
but they can not wholly solve the
problem. Our agricultural schools
ought to have thoro courses in the
theory of organization nnd cooperative
marketing.
Diversification is necessary. Those
farmers who raise their living on
their tand are not greatly in distress.
Such lonns ns are wisely needed to
nssist buying stock and other mater
ials to start In this direction should be
financed thru a government agency
as a temporary and emergency expe
dient. The remnlnlng difficulty Is the dis
position of exportable wheat. I do
not favor the permanent Interference
of tho governmont In this problem.
That probably would Increase the
trouble by Increasing production. But
It Beems feasible to provide govern
ment assistance to exports, and
authority should be given the ' war
finance corporation to grant, In its
discretion, the most liberal terms of
payment for futs and grains exported
for the dlreot benefit of the farm.
Would Sell Muscle SIiouIh
Tho government is undertaking to
Opening of
nsons
it
and Modern
V.
December
8
and Evening
the Ladies
! 'J
PAGE' - FIVE
11 k . , ' . "m
develop a great water-power project
known ns Muscle Shoals, imi which it
has ex je ruled mairy million dollars.
The work is still K"i"K Subject to
the right to retake in tim of war, I
recommend that this property with a
location for auxiliary steam plant and
rights of vny be sold. . This would end
the present burden of expense nnd
should return to the treasury the
largest price possible to secure.
Appeal for JdcnlH
; It Is 100 years since our country
announced the Monroe doctrine. This
principle has been ever since, and is
now, one of the mnln foundations of
our foreign relations, It must be
maintained. But in maintaining it we
must not be forgetful ,that. a great
change has taken place. ,'e nre n-
longer a weak nation, 'thinking mnlnlj
of defense, dreading foreign Imposi
tion. AV'e nre great and powerful.
New powers bring new responsibil
ities. Our duty then was to protect
ourselves. Added to .thnt, our duty
now is to help give stability to the
world. We want idealism. We want
that vision Which lifts men and na
tions above themselves. These nre
virtues by reason of their own merit.
Bpt they must not be cloistered; they
rnqst not be impractical; they must
not be ineffective.
The world has had enough of the
curse of hatred and selfishness, of de
struction and war. It has had enough
of the wrongful use of material
power. For the healing of the na
tions there must be good .will and
charity, confidence nnd peace.' . The
time has come for a more practical
use of moral power, nnd more reli
ance upon the principle that right
makes its own might. Oyr authority
among the nutlons must be represent
ed by Justice nnd mercy. It is neces
sary not only to have fnith, but to
make sacrifices for our faith. The
spiritual forces of the world make all
its final determinations.1 It , is with
these voices that America should
speak. Whenever they , declare a
righteous purpose there ' need be no
doubt that they will be heurd.' Amer
ica has taken her place in the world
as a ' republic free. Independent,
powerful. Tho best service that can
be rendered to humanity is the assur
ance that this placo will bo main
tained. ' ' 1 '