Mebforb Mail
nn
The Weather
Maximum yesterday.... 78
Minimum today 52
BUNE
Predictions
Fair.
pally Sixteenth Year.
Weekly Fifty-First Year.
MEDFORD, OK KG ON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8, 1921
NO. 67
SLILDIERS AID
BILL CIIS
Hygiepic Marriage and 60
i Day Legislature Bills De-
feated Close Race Women
'i Jurors Veto Bill Approved
Only Two Measures Carried
i On Ballot.
PORTLAND, Ore., Juno 8. Ko
turns from yesterday'B special election
. compiled at noon today giving virtu
ally complcto figures from 22 cum
plete counties in the state, including
Multnomah,, gave:
. Legislative, for 26,110; ugainst 30,
47. : Bonus, for 53,7'.0; against 18.452.
Marriage examination, for 31,:J.l;
against. 38,056.
Women jurors, for 35,013; agaiiiBt
30,043.
Veto omergency, for 37,010; ugainst
20.201.
PORTLAND, Ore., Juno 8. Aid for
ex-service men in the shape of bonus
of $15 a month for each month served
Jn tho world war, with nn alternative
of a real estato loan not exceeding
$1000 was approved by Oregon voters
at a special election yesterday by a
vote of about thrco to one, according
to returns from all except a few re
mote counties reported early today.
A measure referred by the legisla
ture providing for physical examina
tion of both men and women seeking
marriage licenses was defeated on the
face of returns available this morning.
A measure to lengthen the biennial
legislative session from -forty to sixty
days and to increase pay of legislators
from $3 to $5 a day also waB defeated.
Available returns showed close vote
on a law permitting women to serve
as jurors. The votors approved a
measure enabling the governor to
veto provisions in bills which declare
emergencies without affecting other
provisions of tho bills.
Returns from 403 out of .413 pre
cincts In Multnomah county gave:
. Legislative session, yes 11,243; no
13,443.
rionus, yes 27,588; no 7133.
Emergency clause, yes 19,290; no
10,018.
Marriage bill, yes 14,009; no 19,681.
' Women jurors, yes 19,197 no 13,441.
- While tho sixty day session is ahead
in Multnomah county by less than
1000 votes in tho 403 precincts, tho up
state countios are against it. A simi
lar amendment was defeated in tho
last genoral election.
Complete returns from 403 of the
413 precincts in Multnomah county in
dicate that the bill empowering tho
governor to appoint members of tho
port of Portland commission has car
ried by a substantial majority. The
vote was, yes 16,923; no 12,566.
PORTLAND, Ore., Jno 8. Com
plete returns from 377 of tho 379
.precints in the city of JPortland
show that a charter amendment vot
ed on at the special election yester
,. day authorizing tho vacation of
streets for railroad terminal develop
ment was passed and that a charter
amendment authorizing a $200,000
', bond issua for additional fire .fight-
: Jug equipment was lost. - ,
Tho vote in the 377 precincts was:
Terminal amendment, yes 24,091; no
7,694.
Fire apparatus bonds: Yes 8564;
no 23,750..
' SALEM, Ore.. Juno 8. Two meas
ures, the soldiers' state aid nnd emer
gency veto amendments to tho consti
tution,' out of tho five submitted to
the voters of Oregon at yesterday's
election have carried in Marlon coun
ty on tho face of complcto returns
from 65 of a total of 74 precincts at
10:30 o'clock this morning.
The complete returns for the 55
precincts gave the following totals:
Sixty-day legislative session Yes,
13B7: no, G4f8.
Soldiers' aid Yes 4352: no, S841.
Emergency clauso veto Yes, 3395;
no. 3141.
Marriage test Yes 3457; no, 3716.
Women Jurors Yes 2772; no, 4104.
FILES ANSWER
YOVKERS. .X. Y June 8. Mrs.
Anne I'. Stlllman, defending the suit
for a divorce brought against her by
James A. Stillman, New York banker,
todav filed an amended answer nam
ing a woman known to her only as
Clara, as a second co-respondent. The
first woman named was Mrs. Flor
ence leds, a former lirnadway cho
ilia girl.
HE 0
Bandits Raid Dance
Lady Saves Diamonds
Via Cup of Coffee
CHICAGO, Juno 8. "Lino up
hero or you'll get shot," com
manded a young man with cap
pulled down over his eyes and
a pistol In each hand as ho step
ped out on the dance floor of
a roadhouso north of Evanston
early this morning.
The guc3ts laughed, but throe
other bandits stepped In and
fired several shots Into tho ceil
ing and then gathered up money
and jewelry estimated at $15,
000. One woman was said to havo
saved diamonds valued at $13,
000 by dropping them into her
cup of coffee.
TO DANGER OF
PUEBLOFLOOD
Rush Work of Removing Dead
Animals, and Taking Sani
tary Steps Red Cross Aids
Refugees Death List Now
Estimated at 500.
PUEBLO, Colo., Juno 8. (lly Asso
ciated Press.) A bright sunshine to
day played over flood stricken Pueblo
and mado the more imperative tho
work of removing bodies of animals
and clearing of debris as a precaution
ary measure against disease.
All night gasoline pumps worked on
flooded cellars throughout tho busi
ness district, 'pouring thousands of
gallons of water into the streots and
again converting them into quagmires.
Tho correspondent rodo through the
district shortly beforo midnight with
tho Colorado rangers. More rtreets
were passable toautomobiles than nt
any other time since tho flood.
Tho Main street viaduct closed yes
terday when Its condition became me
nacing, was opened to traffic, after
ono side of the concrete structure had
been removed.
Completion of the refugee camp
near Mineral Palace park was expect
ed today and arrangements are being
made to bring refugees into it immedi
ately. Another camp is to bo con
structed on the south side. A squad
of marines from Denver arrived yes
terday to assist in organization of the
refugees. i
A convoy of trucks left today to
bring back food and supplies from
Colorado Springs.
Railroads announced yesterday that
refugees would be transported from
Pueblo free upon recommendation of
the Red Cross.
Arrangements for relief of the Mex
icans hero was made by Folipe G.
Teovino, consul at Denver, who has
$10,000 appropriated by tho Mexican
government for this purpose.
Red Cross relief for the ontlre Colo
rado disaster, was placed in the hands
of A. W. Jones of St. Louis by James
L. Flescr, manager of tho Southwes
tern division of the organization, who
Is on tho ground.
Work of recovering the dead has
been subordinated to the work of
cleaning up and restoring sanitation.
Tho search for bodies has hardly be
gun. Great piles of debris are In the
downtown streets ready to be carted
away. It is expected that the cleanup
work will reveal more definitely the
loss of life, which Red Cross estimates
place at 500.
!SE
PARIS, Juno 9. General Von Hoo
fer, head of the tierman defense
forces in Upper Silesia, has formally
assured the allied officials in that
region that his troops, which' advanc
ed several kilometers on the Anna
berg sector after the insurgent at
tacks of Friday and Saturday last,
will advance no further, says a dis
patch from Berlin today.
POrOHKEEPSIE Girls at Ben
nett school. Mllbrook, yesterday play
ed their fathers a game of baseball aa
a feature of commencement.. The
fathers won In six innings, 15 to 12
A feature of the game was two home
runs made by the Misses Mabel
Hanks aud Barbara Ricaurdson.
SUNSHINE ADDS
BETTING ON
JAP WAR IN
SIX II hi;
Club Sports in Shanghai
Wager Even Money That
U. S. A. and Japan Will Be
Fighting Soon No Real
Cause for Trouble Says
Charles Edward Russell.
By CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL
Special Correspondent of the
Mail Tribune.
(Copyright, 1921, by tho Mail Tribune.)
TOKIO, Juno 8. As to the chances
of war between the United States and
Japan, if you listen to the talk in the
foreign clubs and circles of the Orient,
especially wherever tho banner of
England flios, there is no chnnco
about it. War Is certain, assured, on
its way, and there is nothing to specu
late on excopt the first gun fire. When
1 was In Shanghai they wore betting
even money that this would be in six
months and 3 to 2 that it would come
within a year.
And yet there is between tho two
countries no issuo worth tho digging
of one trench or the shedding of one
drop of blood. No issue nnd on tho
part of the Japanese people certainly
no hostilo feeling and no impulse to
fight.
Yap Not Vital
Even about Yap, where the Japauosc
it must bo admitted had under the
Versailles treaty a most plausible case
nobody Is angry here. Part of the
press has had Borne bitter comments,
but nothing compared with the shriek
ing? of a part of ours. One- of the
Tokio papers this morning complains
acridly that Japan is tired of being
always in the position of yielding hor
rights beforo tho overbearing attitude
of the United States, but that is as
violent an utterance as nny I have
seen. As to the masses, they are as
irresponslvo as the Daibutsu himself.
Yap, they think, Is nothing to fight
about, nnd they nro perfectly right In
that thought. The treatment they are
getting In California is rough, they
think, but nothing to fight about, aud
once moro their thinking is sound and
sane. But there is one point of fric
tion between tho countries that seems
not to have occurred to them, and yet
Is far more Important than any of
these casual things. In truth, the
casual things, Yap and tho cable com
pany's roar and the rest, really grow
out of this and the Japanese press
never mentions it, although it contains
the only grave chance of producing
between those countries a row that
might call for guns.
Japan, as I havo pointed out beforo,
is driven into China not by land hun
ger or a mad purpose to annex every
thing in sight, but because old Econo
mic Necessity demanding raw mater
ials has the pistol at her head and she
can't do anything else. She has blun
dered in left-handedly, but she Is in
seeking the things she needs. .
Japs Monopolists
Now It is not to be denied that
Japan, with all the remarkable keen
ness and ability exhibited by her busi
ness men has one fundamental theory
of business that doesn't agree at all
with ours. She does not fancy a field
open to everybody and equal chances
to all. For some reason she seems al
ways fearful of competition and to
look for a closed market; that is to
say, a market closed to everybody ex
cept herself. Why this is so has been
the subject of much speculation among
observers, whether she doubts the
quality of her goods or tho ability of
hor merchants or is awed by the great
cr experience and bolder methods of
other nations; but of the fact there Is
no kind of doubt.
In other words aud iilain, what is
really at stake Is the exploitation of
China. I have no doubt it will be neat
ly disguised with something else Yap
or California or tho horrible ambition
of the terrible man-eating Jap, or
something but this Is what it is all
abont. For one handy disguise the
United States has for the Orient
traditional policy exactly the reverse
of what Japan's is supposed to be. It
Is about the only discernible thing1 we
have in tho shape of a foreign policy
and we are therefore, the more likely
to insist upon it; particularly in sight
of all these exploitable treasures. As
Japan works her way Into economic
China she will assumably try mpre or
less to keep other people out and her
policy and that of the United States
may be on a grade crossing with every
chance of some collision; not neces
sarily anything for the wrecking crew,
but some kind of collision.
The Armament Race
On Ihis situation comes the devil
(Continued on lage Eight)
Supreme Ct. Allows
Cost Bill in Suit W.
S. Barnum vs C. & O.
SALEM, Ore., Juno 8. Tho
supreme cour; today ordered
allowed a cost bill in the rase of
AV. S. Barnum against tho California-Oregon
Power company.
Proceedings objecting to the cost
bill originated in Jackson coun
ty. SALEM, Ore.. June S.
"County courts are not empow
ered to build court houses by
wholesale," is one of tho re
marks by Justice Horris of the
supreme court opinion handed
down toduy in tho case of J.
M. Dougun company against
Treasurer Van Ripor of Kla
math county, a mandamus pro
ceeding to compel tho county to
pay him about $20,000 under a
decree previously obtained. Tho
opinion overrules , a demurrer
and motions of the plaintiff and
allows ten days in which to filo
a reply.
SECTOF WAR
Z
Tells Graduating Class N. Y.
University it Would Be Folly
for U. S. to Disarm First
U. S. Wealth Craved By
Others Less Fortunate.
NEW YORK, June 6. Declaring
that it would bo, tho height of folly
for tho United States to 'disarm, first,
Secretary of War Weeks, in an ad
dress today to tho graduating class
of iow ork university, said be hoped
to see this nation prepared to defend
its rights, its sovereignty and its citi
zens until tho day comes when nil na
tions by mutual consent dismantle
their fortification and scrap their na
vies. Tho university conferred upon the
secretary tho honorary degreo of doc
tor uf laws.
"I do not lovo war," tho secretary
declared. "I abhor it. i do not an
ticipate war, but there are active' and
foveiish military preparations among
those with whom wo might possibly
conio In contact. And 1 want to say
1 cannot give a moment's serious con
sideration to tho possibility of war
with Great Ilritaln."
Such a conflict, ho declared, would,
In his opinion, be tho end of civiliza
tion. Mr. Weeks declared tho tlmo had
como when this country must have a
definite military policy. Tho national
dofonso net, which became a law June
4, 1920, is tho policy which he thought
should govern tho army. '
"In many eases. In somo parts of
tho world." he continued, "thero are
developing large excesses of popula
tion requiring expansion of terrltoryf
Tho future can only add to tho rot
quircinents of nations for increased
territory, and there can be no assur
ance, notwithstanding our own disin
terestedness and desire for peace, that
our wealth, will not bo craved by
others less fortunate.
"Tlmo has not lessened the wisdom
of Washington's advice 'in tlmo of
peace prepare for war.' It is as es
sential in tho preservation of the re
public in 921 as it was in 1780."
BASEBALL SCORES
National Lcaguo.
It.
Philadelphia 1
Chicago '. 8
CauHey, Itutta nnd Petei-H;
Vaughn and Duly, O'Furrell.
n.
Boston 4
Pittsburg I"
H. E.
I ft 2
17 1
York,
II. E.
II 4
25 4
McQitflinn, Itrnxton, Watson and
O'Neill; Hamilton and Schmidt,
Skiff.
Cincinnati-New York postponed.
Rain.
American League.
It. H. K.
Detroit 2 11 2
Washington 0 13 1
Oldham Holllng and Alnsmith:
Mogridge and tiharrlty.
H. H. E.
Chicago 9 13 1
Philadelphia 7 14 4
Kaber and 8halk; Harris, Hasty,
Kcefe, Kommcll and Perkins.
It. H. E.
Cleveland 3 S 1
New York 4 7 2
I'hie. Coveleskie and Nunamaker;
Hoyt and Schang.
R. H. E.
St. I.ouls 2 1
Boston I ft 1
Kolp, linyne nnd Collins; Jones.
Morgan and Ruel.
DANGER
HORI
$1$ CALLED
FOR SPEECH
ABOUT IRISH
Admiral Asked to Cable if He
Said ' Blood On Hands for
Obstructions During War"
In Reference to Ireland at
Home and Abroad Secre
tary Amazed.
WASHINGTON, Juno 8. Secretary
Dcnhy instructed Rear Admiral Sims
today to ttdvlso tho navy department
Immediately by cablo as to whether ho
was correctly quoted In press accounts
of nn address he mado to tho English
Speaking unon at a luncheon In Lon
don, Juno 7.
Tho secretary's action was taken
after Senator McConnlck, republican,
Illinois, hud c&llod on tho secretary to
urge disciplinary action against Ad
mlral Sims because of reference, to the
Irish in this country attributed to the
officer In reports of tho speech. Mr.
McConnlck also called at tho White
House to ask that tho matter be
brought to President Harding's atten
tion. "I havo read with amazement," Sec
retary Donby said in his mossago to
Admiral Sims, "certain extracts from
a speech purporting to have boon made
by you in addressing tho 'English
Speaking union." Tho message then
quoted tho pross reports of what Ad
mlral Sims said about Irish in the
United States "somo of them natural
ized and some of them born there, but
none of them Americans at all
including tho assertion that "they
have tho blood of llrltlsh aud Amer
ican boys on thulr hands for tho ob
structions they placed in tho way of
tho most offectivo operation of the
ulllcd naval forces during tho war."
"You will inform the depiirtinont
immediately by cable," Secretary Don
by concluded, "whothor or not you
woro correctly quoted and mado such
statements at tho time and place In
question."
DECLINE SHOWN !N
JUNE REPORT ON
WHEAT CONDITIONS
WASHINGTON, Juno 8. Tho Juno
crop report of tho department of ag
riculture, issued today, giving produc
tion forecasts based on tho condition
of tho crops Juno 1, tho condition on
that date and acreages planted, fol
lows:
Winter wheat: Production fore
cast 578,000,000 bushels; condition
77.9.
Spring wheat: Production 251,-
000,000; condition 93.4; acreage
18,023,000.
All wheat: Production 830,000,000;
condition 82; acroago Bit, 74 4,000.
Oats: Production 1,40.",000,000;
condition 85.7; acreage 44,829,000.
aBrley: Production 191,000,000;
condition 87.1; acrcago 7,713,000.
Rye: Production 71,T)00,000;
condition 90.3.
Hay: J'roductlon 101,000,000;
condition 85.
Apples: Production 108,000,000;
condition 41.8.
Poaches: Production 31,700,000,
condition 45.5.
The heavy decline In tho produc
tion estimate of winter wheat was
caused by conditions in Kansas, Ne
braska and Oklahoma. Kansas show
ed a loss of 8,000,000 bushels and
Oklahoma a loss of about 2,000,000,
Tho spring wheat crop promiBos to
lie 42,000,000 bushels larger than
that of last year.
WITH HIS BOOTS ON
LOB HI, Ariz., June 8. K. H. "Hod
Whl8ker" liurnett, ewaped eonvlot
and sunpeeted of the- murder of Mar-
lona TeRRiie her on the. nisht of
May 22, for whom n sean-h han boon
conducted continuously ly rhprit fit'
poMP and rowhoyn. wan shot and Jn-
atantly killed yeMerday afternoon by
a member of the pohhp which had
been clouo on his trail sinco mcning-,
Ashland Woman Is
Drowned, Crossing
Mont. Creek Bridge
ANACONDA. Mont., Juno 8.
.Mrs. M. E. Gray, a wealthy wld-
of Ashland. Ore., was drowned
Sunday night In tho west fork
of Hock Creek, anout 40 ml'.es
southwest of hero, according to
word received in this city last
night.
Mrs. Gray was with a party of
tourists from Oregon and they
had gono to tho upper Rock
crook district to Inspect mining
property. While attempting to
walk a foot log across tho swift
stream Mrs. Gray fell In, It was
reported.
A search is being mado for
tho body.
OUR GEORGE' IS
Johnson Supporters Land Las
, ker Chicago Advertising
Man Heads Bureau Two
Democrats Appointed By
President Harding.
WASHINGTON, Juno S. -Formal
announcement of tho appointment of
A. D. Lnsker, a Chicago advertising
man, us chairman of the shipping
board, was niudo today at tho Whlto
House.
Mr. Laskcr Is appointed for a term
of six years as tho representative of
tho contral portion of tho country,
His nomination and tltoso of tile other
Six mombeis wero sont today to tho
senate, Tho other momhers nro:
T. V. O'Connor, republican of Buf
falo, N. Y., appointed for flvo years
as representative of tho Great Lakes
region.
former Senator Cicoigo E. Cham
berlnln, democrat of Portland, np
pointod for four years as a roprcson
tativo of tho Pnelfle coast.
Edward C. Plumnior, republican, of
Bath, Maino, appointed for tbreo
years as a representative of tho At
lantlc coast.
Frederick I. Thompson, democrat
of Mobile, Ala., re-appointed for two
years as representative of tho gulf
coast.
Hear Admlrnl William 8. Benson
rotlred, democrat, Georgia, ro-np-
pointed for ono year as a representa
tive of the Atlantic const district.
Meyer Llssnur, republican of Los
Angeles, appointed for ono year as a
representative of tho Pacific coast.
In accepting tho board's chairman
ship Mr. Laskor Issued a statomont
outlining his purpose to put tho board
on a sound business basis. '
Tho makeup of tho board Is under
stood to havo boon finally decided nt
a prolonged confereneo this morning
between Presldont Harding and Mr
Lnsker.
Mr. Iisker is nn official of tho Lord
and Thomas advertising agency of
Chicago and part owner of tho Chi
cngo National league baseball club.
Ho was n supporter of Hiram John
son for tho republican presidential
nomination last year. '
Mr. Llssncr, who Is a lawyor, also
was a Johnson supporter. Ho 1ms
been netivo in California politics since
100B when ho organized tho non-par
tisan city central commtttco of Los
Angeles.
Mr. Plummer has had wido cxport
enco as an admiralty lawyer In the
shipping Industry.
" Mr. O'Connor Is International prcsl
dent of tho longshoremen's union.
Mr. Thompson holds tho position of
vice-chairman of tho board. Ho Is
chief owner and publisher of the
Memphis Commercial Appeal and the
Mobile Itcglster and News-Item.
Senator Chamberlain was war time
chalrmnn of the senate military com
ntlttee nnd in that capacity attracted
unusual nttentlon by a scnsationnl
break with President Wilson and Sec
retary linker.
DISABLED ENGINE
TOKIO, June 8. Rcimrts have been
received here that the American
steamer Wenatchoe, enroute to Seat
tle from tho Far East, has boon dis
abled by engine trouble In the inland
sea of South Japan. Tugs are said to
be standing by the Wenatchoe which
is reported to be near Mojl, a port on
the Island of Kiushiu. On her trip to
the Far East during April, the We
natchee which took Major Genoral
Ieonard Wood to Manila was serious
ly delayed by, engine trouble.
GIVEN FAT BERTH
SKIPPING BOARD
JACKSON 0
F
3 T0 1
Tremendous Vote Given the
Soldiers' Compensation Bill
in Tuesday's Election AH
But Legislative Regulation
and Woman's Jury Bill Car- (
ried Locally.
ItlCSl'LTS IN JACKSON CO. :
Winning' Measures
Soldiers' compensation.
Emergency clause
liygonlc marriage. , '.
lxwlng .Measures
Legislative regulation.
Womnn jurors. , v
With Medford complete, Ashland
complete, but ono out-lying precinct
and with only a fow Binall country
precincts yet to hoar from the out
standing featuro of yestorday's elec
tion locally was the overwhelming
voto glvon tho soldier's loan and
omponsatlon bill which carried over
three to one. In Medford tho bonus
monsure carried by nearly six to one.
and in Ashland by over two to one;
whilo in overy precinct in the ounty
thero was a majority In favor of the
bill, tho vote only bolng close In Jsa-
glo Point nnd East Phoenix,' 56 to 4t
In Eagle Point and 36 to 32 in East
Phoonix.
The surprise of the election was
tho strong support glvon the Hygenlc
marriago bill with a vote of 1161 for
and 900 against, a favorablo major
ity of 261. Ashland voted against
this measure, and thd country pro-'
clncta still to hoar from will un
doubtedly decrease the majority, but
thero Is no doubt the measure carried
In tho county as a whole.
In Medford every measure was car-
rlod, tho voto on the Hygonlc mar-
riago and Woman's Jury howevor, be
ing very close, while the country vote
wus strong against the latter measure.
particularly In Central Point,, and
Gold Hill districts. ,
In the county as a whole only
about 30 per cent of the registered
vote was cast, and In Modford a con-'
splcuous feature was the large woman
voto, in many precincts the woman
voto outnumbering the men!
The rosult follows: ' . ,
Icglslutlvo regulation r
Yos, 946, no 1014; majority against
68. . ' '
Ilonus Mcnsuro ' .
Yos, 1684; no 516, majority for,
11C8. ' ', ' f:' ;;';;.'
' ' Emergency Clauso ,, .'',''
Yes, 1131; no 682, majority ' for
149. ' " ' ' . , r, .
' ' llygcnlc Mnrirnge
Yob, 1161; no 800, majority for
m. ..,,. - tjl !;
"'Woman's July Bllt '. ' ,
Yos,: i,903; no 1068; . majortty
against,' 160.' ' ' " , . ,
IS. BLUEBEARD N
ON WAY TO MURDER
TRIAL IS CAREFREE
SA FKANCISCO, Juno 8. Mrs.
Lydla Southard "is, not worrying,"
she said today although she. is
charged with murder, of Edward
iMeyor, hor fourth husband, and the
death of throe other husbands, her
brother In law and child Is being In
vestigated to lear nlf they died from
poison. ',-
Mrs. Southard rested In San i"ran
clsco today en route from Honolulu
to Twin Falls, Idaho, tq stand trial.
, iq stana, mai.
V H. Ornjshy. a
s wlfe..j"j;v,
rry?"' she ksk-
Sho is In custody of -j
deputy sheriff and his
"Why should I worry?
cd. "I have documonts showing the
causes of death. I shall say nothing
until I reach Twin Falls, when a
statement will be forthcoming from
my attorney."
Mrs. Southard sat for a photo
graph today and latei was conducted
to points of Interest around San
Francisco by the Ormsbys. Last night
In their custody she attended a vau
deville show and appeared to enjoy
herself Immensely.
Mr. and -Mrs. Ormsby expect to
leave with their prisoner tonight or.
tomorrow for Twin Fnlls,
OR SERVICE
MEN
1