3!-""V.....
I.
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SfEDFORD ' MATE TRTBTTM3. MTSDFQWB. O'HTCOON, OTTTCRnAY, MAY.'- 20, 1919
REPEAL OF
(Continued from pass one.)
uniiied, tlio international settlements
which must form tho subject mattor
of the present treaties of peace and
of our national notion in the inline
chain future. It would he premature
to disenss them or to express a ww
ment about them before thev are
broueht to their complete formula
tion hv the nereements winch nre
now heme sought at the table of the
conference. I shall hope to lav them
before vou in their manv aspects as
soon as arrangements have been
reached.
I hesitate to venture nnv opinion
or press nnv recommendation wjtli
rnimrd to domestic legislation while
absent from the I nitod btates and
out of dnilv touch with intimate
Bonrecs of information and council
I am conscious that I need, after so
lumr an absence from Washincton, to
seek the advice of those who have
remained in constant touch with do
mestic problems and who have known
them close at hand from dav to dav
and I! trust that it will very soon be
possible for me to do so. But there
nre Several questions pressine for
ronsiderntion to which I feel that I
nmv and indeed must, even now di
rect vour nttention. if in only eener-
nl tonus. In spenkimr of them I shall
I dure snv. be doint' little more than
speak vour own thoughts. I hope
that I shall speak vour own indir
ment also. The Question which
stands at the front of all others in
every eountrv amidst the present
ereat awnkeninc is the uuestion of
labor, and perhaps I can speak of it
with as ereat advantage while en-
urossed in the considration of mter-
. ests wluuh nntnrullv most nffeet mv
tlinuirht, because thev are the inter
ests of our own people. : '
'' Men Who Work ...
Bv the Question of labor I do not
mean the Question of efficient mans
trial production: the Question of how
labor is to .be obtained and "made el
fective in the ereat process of sus
taining populations and winnine sue
cess amidst commercial and indus
trial rivalries. I mean that much
greater and more vital Question, how
are the men ond women who do the
daily labor of the world to obtain
proaressive improvement in the con
ditions of their labor to be made hap-
pier, and to be served better bv the
communities and the industries wnicn
' their labor sustains and advances
How are thev to be given their riaht
advantage as citizens and human be-
. inesf . ..
We cannot eo anv further in our
present direction. ' We have already
gone too" far. , We cannot live our
right life as a nation or achieve
our proper success as an industrial
community if capital and labor are
to continue to be antagonistic instead
of being partners : if thev ore to con
tinue to distrust one another and
- contrive how thev can get the bet
ter of one another. Or.' what per
haps amounts to the same thing, cal
culate -bv what form and degree of
coercion thev can manage to extort-
on the one hand, work enough to
make enterprise -profitable: oh the
other, mstice and fair treatment
enough to make life tolerable. That
bad road has turned out a blind al
lev. It is no thorouebfare to real
prosperity. We must find another,
leading in another direction and to
a very definite destination. It must
lead not merelv to 'accommodation
but also to a genuine cooperation and
partnership based upon a real com
munity of interest and participation
in control. .
: Capital and Labor
'There is now in fact a real com
munity of interest between capital
and labor but it has never been made
evident in notion. It can be made
operative and manifest only in a new
organization of industry. I he ge
nius of our business men and the
sound practical sense of our workers
enn certainly work such a partner
ship out when once' thev realize ex
actly whnt it is that they seek and
. sincerely adopt a common purpose
with regard to it.
Labor legislation lies, of, course.
chiefly, with the states: but the new
spirit and method of organization
which must be effected are not to be
brought about bv legislation so much
as bv the common counsel and volun
tary .cooperation of capitalist, man
ager and workman. Legislation can
go only a very little wav in com
manding what shall be done. The
organization of industry is n matter
of corporate and individual initiative
and of practical business arrangement.-
Those who really desire a new
relut'onship between capital and la
bor and can readilv find a wnv to
brine- it about and perhaps' federal
. legislation can help more than state
legislation could.
. ' Democratize Industry
The object of all reform: in this
essential mutter must .be the gen
uine democratization , of industry,
based upon a full recognition f the
. right of those who work, in whatever
rank, to participate in some organic
'wav m.overv decision which directly
aficcts their welfare or the part thev
nre to plav in industry. Some pos
itive legislation is practicable. The
congress has already shown the wav
to one reform which should be world
wide, bv establishing the eiclit-liour
day as the standard day in eVcrV field
of lubor over which- it can exercise-
control. It tins xoiisilit to find the
wav to prevent child labor, and will
I hone and believe, presently find it
It has served the whole country bv
lending the wnv in developing the
means of preserving and safeguard
ine life and health in dangerous in
j.... - n ...... I...I.. ;.. n.
HuuMriVM. 11 l mi nun m-iu in ...
difficult task of giving a new form
and spirit to industrial onrnnimUioii
hv Cfi.nrfliiintinp the several lliren
cies of conciliation and adjustment
which have been brought into exist
ence bv the difficulties and mistaken
policies of the present management ut
industry, and bv scttiiis up nnd d
vclopine new fderul agencies of
advice and information which mnv
serve ns n clearing house for the
best experiments and the best thought
on this great matter, upon which
every thinking mini must be aware
that the future development of society
directly depends.
Agencies of international counsel
and suggestion nre presently to he
created in connection with the League
of Nation's in this verv tield: but it is
national action and the enlightened
policy of individuals, corporations
and societies within each nation that
must bring about the actual reforms.
Tho members pf the committees on
labor in the two houses will hardly
need suggestions from me as to what
means thev shull. seek to make the
federal government the agent of the
whole nation in pointine- out and, if
need lie. guiding the process of re
organization and reform.
Returning Soldiers
I am sure that it is not necessnrv
for me to remind vou that there is
one immediate nnd verv practical
Question of lubor that we should meet
in the most liberal spirit. We must
see to' it that our returninsr soldiers
nro assisted in every practicable wav
to find tho places for which 'thev nre
fitted in tho daily work of the coun
try. This con be done hv develop
ing and maintaining upon an adequate
cale the admirable organization
created bv the department of labor
for placing men seeking work : and it
can also be done, in at least one very
great field bv creating new opportu
nities for individual enterprise. The
secretary of the interior has pointed
out the wav bv which returning sol
diers mav be helped to find and take
up lands in the hitherto undeveloped
regions of the country which the fed
eral government has prepared or can
readilv prepare for cultivation and
for manv of the cut over or negelect-
ed areas which lie within the limits
of the older stntes: and I once more
take the liberty of recommending verv
urgently that his plans shall receive
the immediate and substantial sup
port of the congress. '
Great Opportunities Ahead
Peculiar and verv stimulating con
ditions await our commerce nnd in
dustrial enterprise in the immediate
future. Unusual opportunities will
presently present themselves to our
merchants and producers Jn foreign
Markets and large fields for profit
able investment will be opened to
our free capital. But it is not onlv
of that that I am thinking: it is not
chieflv of that that I am thinking.
Many great industries prostrated bv
the war' need to be rehabilitated in
many parts of the world where what
will be lacking is not brains or will
ing hands or organizing capacity or
exceptional skill, but machinery and
raw materials and capital. I believe
our business men; our merchants, our
manufacturers and our capitalists
will have the vision to see that pros
perity in one part of the world min
isters to prosperity everywhere: that
there is in a verv true sense a sol
idarity of interest .throughout the
world of ' enterprise, and that our
dealings with the countries that have
need of our products and our money
will teach them to deem us more
than ever friends whose necessities
we seek in the right wav to serve. '
Tiie Merchant Marine
Our new merchant ships which have
in some Quarters been feared as de
structive rivals, mav prove helpful
rivals, rather, and common servants.
verv much needed and very welcome.
Our great shipyards, new nnd old, will
be so opened to. the use of the world
that thev will prove immensely ser-
icenble to every maritime people in
restoring, much more rapidly than
would otherwise have been possible,
the tonnage .wantonly destroyed in
the war. I have only to suggest that
there are manv points at which we
can facilitate American enterprise in
foreign trade bv opportune legisla
tion and make it easy for American
merchants to go where thev will be
welcomed as friends rather than ns
dreaded antagonists. American has
great and honoiuble service to
perform in bringing the commercial
nd industrial undertakings of the
world buck to their old scone and
swing again, und putting a solid
structure, of credit under them. All
our legislation should be friendly to
such plans and purposes. '
Simplify Taxes .
And credit and enterprise nlike will
be nuickencd bv timelv and helpful
legislation with regard to taxation. I
ope that the congress will find it
possible to undertake an curlv rc-
onsl ruction or federal taxes in order
to make our svstem of taxation more
simple ond easv of administration
nd the taxes themselves as little
burdensome as thev can be made and
vet sufficient to support the gov
ernment und met all its obligations.
These figures to which those obli
gations have arisen nre verv great
indeed, but thev are not so great as
to make it difficult for the nation to
meet them and meet them, perhaps, in
single generation, bv taxes which
will neither crush nor discourage.
These arc not so great as thev seem.
not so grent as the unmense sums
we have hud to borrow, added to the
immense sums we have hud to rnise
bv taxation, would seem to indicate:
for u verv large proportion of those
sums were ruined in order t hit t thev
might be loaned to the governments
with which we were associated in the
war. and those loans will, of course,
constitute assets, not liabilities, nnd
will not have to be taken care of bv
our tninvers. The main thing we
shall have to emu for is that our
taxation shall rest as lightly as pos
sible on the productive resources of
the eountrv. that its rates shall be
stable, and that it shall be constant
'n its revenue vieldine bower. We
have found the mniii sources from
which it must be drawn. I tnko it
for granted tb"t its nm'tistiivi will
henceforth be tho income tax. the ex
cess profits tax and tho estnto tax.
All these enn so he adjusted to yield
constant and adequate returns, and
vet not constitute n too grievous
burden pn the tnxnnver. iA revision
of the income tnv has nlrwndv been
nrovided for bv the net of 1018. but
I think vou will find that further
chances enn be made to ndvunliiirc,
both in the rnt of tax and tho meth
od of its collection. The excess
profits tiir need not lo"g he main
tained at te rtes .which wero nee
essnrv while the enormous expen
ses of the war had to be borne! but
it should, be made tho 1"k;s of n per
manent svstem which wWI reach undue
profits without discouraging the en
lerprisc and activity of our business
men. 1 no tax on inheritance ought,
no- doubt, to be reconsidered in its
relation to the fiscal systems of the
several states, but it ccrta:nlv ought
to rem n in a permanent part of the
fiscal svstem of tho federal govern
ment also.
Repeal KxeLso Tuxes
Manv of the minor taxes nrovided
for.in the revenue legislation of 1017
nnd 1918 though no doubt made ncc-
essorv bv the pressing necessities of
wnr time, could hntillv find sufficient
pistiticntion under the easier cir
cumstances of pence and can now
hnnpilv he got rid of. Among these.
hope vou will agree, nre the ex
cises upon which various nianufac-
tnrers und the taxes unon retail sales.
The varo unenunl in thn incidence on
different industries and on different
individuals. Their collection is diffi
cult nnd expensive. Those which nre
levied upon articles sold at retail are
largely evaded by the readjustment
ot retail prices. On the other hand
I should assume thut it is epedient
to maintain a considerable range of
indirect taxes: and the fact that al
coholic linuors will no longer afford
a source of revenue bv taxntion
makes it the more necessary that the
field should be carefnll" restudied
in order that equivalent sources of
revenue mnv be found which it will
be legitimate nnd not burdensome to
draw upon. Hut vou have at hand in
the treasury department manv ex
perts who can advise vou upon the
matters inueh better than I can. I
can onlv suggest the lines of a per
manent and worknblc svstem. nnd the
placing of the taxes where thev will
least hamper the life of the people.
No Tariff Revision
There is. fortunntelv. no occasion
for undertaking in the immediate fu
ture anv general revision of our svs
tem of import duties. No serious
danger of foreign competition now
threatens American industries. Our
eountrv has emerged from the wnr
less disturbed nnd les swenkened than
any of the European countries which
are our competitors in manufacture,
their industrial establishments huve
been subjected to a erentcr strain
than ours,- their labor force to -a
more serious disorganization and this
is clearly not the time to seek an or
ganized , advantage. The .work of
mere reconstruction will, I am afraid,
tax the capacity and the resources of
their people for venrs to in. So
far from there being anv danger or
nred of foreign competition, it is
likely that the conditions of the next
few years will greatlv facilitate the
marketing of American manufactures
abroad. Least of all should we de
part from the nolicv adopted in the
tariff act of 1013. of permitting the
free entrv into the United States of J
the row materials needed to Ktinnle-
OettiruJ rid
of coffee
troubles is
made easy
by chaira
INSTANT
0STUM
a delicious
cereal drink
Mi
uieut anil enrich our onu abundant
supplies. '..--.
' Humeri le Protection Needed
Nevertheless there nro' parts of. Our
tariff system which need prompt at
tention. The experiences of tho wnr
have innde it plain that in some eases
too great reliance on fore'gn ' eases
ton great reliance-on foreign nuppIv
is (langerttis, and tluu in determining
certain ivl of our tariff policy do-
aicstice consideration must he. home
in mind which nro political as well as
oeonone. Among these mdiistiies
to which special considivrtitioiV should
h civen is that of tho manufacture
of "dvestufis and related chainicnls
Our eoinpMo dependence uuon Gor
man sunnlicK before the war made
interruption of trade a cause. of ex
ceplionnl ..onnnnudo distiirhnnne. The
close relation. between the mainline
turar of dvest'nffs on the'onn hand.
nnd of explosives nnd poisonous
ffnses on the other, moreover has
ivcn the industry an exceptional
significance nnd value. Although
he United Stntes will gladly nnd un
liesitnt'iiglv ioin in the program nt
intercMiniiul disarmament, it will
nevertheless, be a policy of obvious
prudence to make certain' of the suc
cessful iiiainlenniice of manv strong
"nd well equipped chemical plants.
The Donna n chemical industry, with
which we will he brought into compe
tition nnd mnv ho again, i
thorom-hlv knit monopoly enimliln of
exero-sing n coipetitiou of peculiarly
'nsidious and dinwrons kind.
.Tariff. Retaliation
Hie I'mteil Mutes should, more
over., have . the means of properly
protecting itself whenever our trade
is discriminated against bv foreign
nations, in order that we mav be well
assured of that euualitv of treatment
which we hope to .accord and to pro
mote the world over. Our tariff laws
as thev now stand provide no weapon
of retaliation in case other govern
mcnts should- enact legislation tin
on tin 1 in its hearing on our products
as compared with the products of
other nations, i Though we are us fur
as possible from desiring to enter
upou anv course of retaliation, we
must franklv. face the fact that hos
tile legislation hv other nut ions is
not beyond Mie range of possibility
and that it mav have to be met bv
counter legislation.
This subicct bus fortunntelv been
exhaustively investigated bv the
United States tariff commission. A
recent report of that commission has
Klinn U.pU nluni.li. Hint Ha Iti.tlr mill
that we ought to have the instruments
necessary fortlio assurance of canal
and equitable treatment. The atten
tion of the congress has been culled
to this matter, on past occasions and
the measures, .which are now recom
mended bv the tariff commission are
substantially ffxa same .that have been
suggested by" previous administra
tions. I' recommend that this phase
of the tariff question receive tho
eurl.v nttention of the congress.
Adopt Suffnuco Amendment i !
Will vou not permit me. turning
from these hinttors.. to speak once
more nnd verv earnestly, of the nro
posed at ftdment to the constitution
which w'Wlld extend the miffrngo to
women nnd which passed the house
of representatives at the last session
of the congress f It seems-to me thut
every consideration of justice nnd of
puhlio ndvnntage calls for the im
mediate adoption of that amendment
nnd its submission forthwith to the
legislatures of the several states.
Throughout the world this long do
laved extension or the sultruge is
looked for: in the United States Ion:
er I believe, than anywhere else, the
necessity for it and the immense ad
vantage of it to the national life has
been urged and debated bv women
and men who saw the need for It
and urged the policy of it when it re
quired steadfast courage to be so
much beforehand with the common
conviction: nnd I for one. covet for
our eountrv the distinction of being
among the first to uct in a verv ereut
reform, -i- -
Return Railroads to Owners
The" telegraph nd telephone lines
ft
ivill. of com so, he returned lo Ihcir
owners so suou us their I ni lister can
ho affected without administrative
confusion, so Boon, that is, us the
change can be made with least possi
hie inconvenience to the public and
to tho owners themselves. The rail
roads will he handed over to their
owners nt tho end of the culendii
veil r i if ( were in iiumediutti contact
Mill tho iidniiiiistrative questions
which must govern the transfer of the
telegraph and telephone lines I
could nniiio the exact date for their
return also. Until I am in direct con-
tact with the practical ouest ions In
volved 1 enn onlv suggest Hint in the
ease of the telegriipliR and telephones
as in the case of tho railways, it is
clearly desirable in the iiublm inter
est that soino legislation should he
considered which mnv lend to mnke
or these indispensable instrumental!
ties of our modern ilfo n uniform nnd
co-ordinated system whioh will uf
ford those who use them ns complete
and certain means of comtminiuution
with nil parts of thn country us has
so long been afforded by tho postal
svstem of the government nnd nt
rates as uniform and intelligible. Kx
"ert ndvice is. of course, nvnihihln
in this very practical matter, and the
pulilie interest is manifest.
Neither the telecrnnh nor the tele
phono service of the country. can he
said to li" in anv sense a national
system.- There nro many confusions
mid inconsistencies of rates. The
scient if in means bv which commutii
cation hv such instrumentalities can
ie rendered more thorough and satis
factory hes not been uindn full use
of. An exhaustive study of tho whole
niiestmn of electrical rnmmnmcn
tion nnd of the means bv which i lu
cent rnl authority of the nation can
he used to unify nnd improve it. if
undertaken bv the appropriate com.
mil tes of coiivross would certainly
result, indirectly even if not directly,
in n verv creut public benefit.
Itcmova llccr linn
The dciiiobilizutioii of military
forces of the country has 'progress
ed to such u point that it seems to be
entirelv safe now to remove tho ban
upon the iiiaiiiifucture and sale of
wines and beers, but I urn advised
Hint without further legislation 1
have not tho legal authority to re
inovo the present, restrictions. I
therefore recommend that the act ap
proved November 21. 1!18. entitled
"nn net to enable the secretary of
agriculture to carry out during the
liscul year ending Jane .10. 1018, the
purpose of the act entitled 'an net
to provide further for the national
security nnd defense hv stimulating
agriculture and facilitating the dis
tribution of agricultural products'
and for other purposes," bo amend
ed or repealed insofar as it upplies
to wines and beers.'
I sincerely trust that I shall verv
soon be ut mv post in Washington
again to-report upon tho measures
which iniidc mv presence nt tho peneo
table apparently imperative nnd to
put mvself ut the service of the con
gress in evcrv mutter of administra
tion or counsel that mav seem to de
man executive action or ndvice,
W00DH0W WILSON.
FISH NEWS
CHINOOK
SALMON
Coming in
Fish every day. !
Makes a fine Baked Dinner,
Medford
Fish Market
Kodak Finishing
Film developing, 15o roll.
Printing, post enrd size, 3 for lOo.
2'ax3V4 and smaller. 2 for 5o.
Every dav service.
JAP ART STORE
MEDFORD,
EAGLE POINT,
BUTTE FALLS
Jitney Service
Starts, Tuesday, May 20th.
teuvCH NiihIi Hotel 0 a. ni. nnd llntte
l''nlls at 4 p. m. dully
' . JIM LICHMU,
I'HOXIB 00
MEDFORD IRON WORKS
FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOP
Also aeent for Fairbanks' and Mora
Engine.
17 South Rlvcrslda.
Vulcanizing
All our work atrlutly guaranteed to
be flrnt claw. IS N. Vlt St., Medford
Phono 404-t
MEDFORD VULCANIZING WORKS
HAROLD
LOCKWGDD :
ROMANCE
TODAY
A NEW LOT OF LQWJ3H0ES
JUST ARRIVED
"Vc will sell them nt extra
special prices.
PUMPS Kid or Patent
$5.75
OXFORPS Urown or black
kid, military heel.. $7.00
OX FORDS Brown or hlack
kid, French heels $7.50
You Save $1.00 a Pair.
SCHMIDT'Si 21 N. CENTRAL AVE
Why Does This Store iave Such
' ' a Remarkable Patronage? V
' - . ; ' ' '
One of tho reasons is that I follow the snitnd pol
icy of never allowing any customer to htdissatis
fied. :. . . ' r. .
My customers must be satisfied ; ,
Scores, of new-customers are added to tho long
list each month, ".!"., . ', , ', 7 , '
lie one of them nnd I give you this promise, I'll
make you satisfied. ( ' V ' ',
,Thc biggest little store in . Southern', Oregon.
Johnson
The Jeweler -
' ITf Due Consideration
T)- to Youf Own Interests
II r mil ' 1 ' Thin In noltlior mlHorly nor nolflNli '
m II PW I 11 11 mutter of flnniicliil prudenro , " 11
Irjl '"' lmvo u rcH"rv Mi,d ",,vo "", ' lljlj
WfiV j H,"'t ,,cu '"ml now -wllh tho1, 1 jljll
. Jiiekson. County Jlunk. &3lr
paid on invlngi 7 ''
I r i r liiTl l fi iiiriii
THE :
TOMORROW
... ' . '.' ' . i v'-"' ' .- ,,,) '' .
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