y- Public Auditorium WTCATJIKK Miixlniiini YeHlci'day, J7; rininnan ToLi y3D. FORECAST Tonight ami Tomorrow: Rain; "Warmer Friday. edford Mail Corir-atjthth Tr. lly TblrlMutH Thi, " V MEDFOBD, OREGON', mmcd,-DECEMBER J2' 3918 NO. 235 UEBKNECH AIM A NEW GOVT M TRIBUNE' V TO RED RADICAL OF MINIS NEW HEAD Bolshevlkl Join Mutinous Sailors In Attack on Ebert Forces First Phase Successful but Later Gov ernment Troops Gain Upper Hand Blood Flows In Berlin Streets- Hundreds Killed Rovolters De mnnd Chanqe. IlEKLIN. WV.lni.Mlnv. Dec. 2.'., (Ilv the Associated Press.) The edi torial rooms iiml the publishing plant of the Sorinlist Vorwnerts were Heir., ed unci nrcnpied it t 10 o'clock louicht ' bv members of iJin Spnrlneus group. P.KHLIN. WV.Iik-.1uv. Doc. 2.V It wns announced liv Hi.' Spnrliicns o rou i) tonight- Hint Dr. Leibknechl, their lender, would proclaim lite over throw of lli F.bert government to morrow morning. .During tho oust few iliiVK the rmlii'iil elements hnve threatened lo suppress t It YurwnarU because of its iitlii.'k on the rrvoln- liomtrv terrorists. . LONDON'. I Imp. '.'(I. The quitirioiti snilors who lnd becn(-lul.ling out in the Hed Pnlitco nt llcrliu. hnve hoisted the white fine iiml hnvo been allowed to Iciivp uniler guard, according to advices from Berlin sent hv the Kt chungc Telegraph corrCspondi-til fit Amsterdam. ' Government Ironns. the message nililH, now occupy the induce and the rovnl slnhlos. . LONDON". Dee. 2(1. Tim Alexander nml rrnnr.cr regiiiieniM limit nni'inv .loined tho revolting sailors in llcrliu nn.l it in predicted in novices sent from Berlin Into ('tirii-liiiim night thnl nearly tho entire Berlin garrison will support Hii'in, leaving Ihu u'V rrnuu'iit without Iriioiw. . Theso advices wore transmitted hv tho Exchange Telegraph corrcspoml rnt lit ('openlingen. Thev n.l.l thnl lnree numbers of Hiiilnrx are reported to ho coming from Kinl lo join thrir comrades in llt'rlin. LONDON. Doe. 2(1. Xonrlv 100 persons were killed in the street f iulil inir which begun in Berlin on Tucs dnv uiorninge. according to lutest re porlH from tho Gerinnn euiiitnl. Irniis milled bv' tho ' Exchange Telegraph correspondent nt Cnpcnhngon. The roptihlicnn guards triod several times to tnko tho rovnl stiiblos umi the headquarters of tha revolting snilors, lint wcro reunified. Mini v soldiers belonging to tho licr lin gunrd ii nil ii few of tha reiii)ilienti guards' joined tho sudors, Vorwuorts r reports. Demand lilolikneclit When those reports wero sent n largo iiiiiiilipr of nrnied civilians wuie oontiniiiiiir to join the sailors, not onlv nt tho rovuPstohles, hut in (he Koen iBstrasso. TIph street with nil its houses, wiik reported in tho IiiiihIh of NiiilorH, who wero Hiiptiorted hv the HpnrtiieiinN. Tlinv deniniided Hint l'remier Khert ninl Scerptnrv lliuise roHinn nnd he rophu'ed hv (lnoruo Lcdohoiir "nnd Dr. Karl Liuhliiincht. Dr. Liehklieehl, tho advices uilil, went to the eliiineellor'H puliieo ni.il )md a lone conference with the min isters, tho result of which wns mi ll nown. Further fiithlinc wns nntieipiitcd. it xviih lidded, ns tho HpurtunniiH nnd tho nnilors hud dccideil to nttempt to i'oroo tho truiinls to return lo l'ols rinm. Tho iruiirds wcro stntioncd in Unter don Linden and on tho W'ordcr Bchon Pin In. Itwl OiHtlo Seized -, Aeeordinu; to tin : E.velinimo Telo ornph disimteli from Copenhniron, n l'oreo of 800 sailors on Mondiiv formed n eiinrd nnd seized tho liod enstlo, one of tho former rovnl pnl- (Oontlnued op Pago Two,) HAnUIN. Moiulnv. Deo. 2,1. (Hv thn Asoseintcd Press.) Clonernl Semonoff wns, wouiulod in llio lens nnd 10 oilier persons wero injuroil when n mnn wenrimr n uniform threw n bomb in n theuler in Chitn roeantly, nceordins lo ml visas', from Hint oily. SOLDIER1THROWSIB0MB GENERAL POUNDED ALLIES AGREED FUNDAMENTAL PEACE ISSUES Wilson Tells American Troons He Finds Ho Essential Differences Promises Them Hapnv New Year Much Affected bv Review of 10.000 Yank Veterans. ON" IIOAHD PKKKIDK.NT WIT. SON'S KI'Kl'IAL TIIA1N KN ItOl TK TO CALAIS. Dee. 211. (Hv the Ah Noclnled I'r.'HM.) President Wilson left Chntiinont for Knulnnd Into ves ler.lnv nfteriioon feclinir more stroiitr Iv thnn ever the iniiunificent pnrt Amerieun soldiers look in tho winning of the wnr. Veslerdnv's review, in which 10,000 America nHoldiers milrched before him, erented n deep impression on the president, ouite iipnrt from the historic siunifieiinec of reviewinir ImhlinL' men on foreimi soil for the first time, A Iliippx Srw Voiir When nddressainr his troops ns "fellow count r.vmen" he told them Ihut be helieved thnl he could prom ise them n Imppv New Yenr. This wns ciiiisi.lere.l the keynote of the iiddreis nnd friends nlioiit Mr. Wilson construed his words to meiin thnt he huh hcuinniiii! to boa the wnv Ikh, lenrlv toivunl the iittuiiiuieiit of the ohjeclives ho bus set for himself nt the penno conference. At lenst ono verv important ad dress innv he cxiieetcd from the prH ident whilo ho is in Kiiclunil. llo mnv define his line of thouuht more elenr Iv on issues in which Orent Itritnin is ho dceplv interested. He will dike op portunity lo do this in tho course of conferences he will hold with Premier Llovd lieorup. A. J. Itnlf.iur. secretnrv of stnte for foreiirn nl'fnirs, nnd An drew Honur Low, chnnccllor of the oxcheouer, hut whatever public speeches ho will muke will of course he in explanation lo the Knulish peo ple themselves, who he believes nro in accord with tho principlo op which tho pence eonterences wero hctrun. No l'liiKlanieiilnt Differences In his nddress to tho Amerienn troops veslei'dnv President WUson said ho hud found no diffenrenco in principles or fundnmcntiil purposes lie expects to return to Pnris lo con tinue the work of tho iieneo confer ence with whnt mnv lie dlfforenecs of opinion c Ion red nwnv or-on tho wnv to iieeommodiilion. Yeslerdiiv's review was n picture worthy of n crent pninter. The siuht of .10,000 Aitiericnn voternns onr- rvintr tho I'nited Slntes fine on the soil of a sister republic, n conirndo In arms in u crent cause, wns just n lit tle too -much to permit the president to suppress his emotion, lie frankly admitted heiutr "nil choked up.",. ' President Is Kissed Mr, Wilson's visit to soldiers' bil lots in nearby (owns will lonir ho re membered. At one plueo he climbed n bidder to the loft of a stable to tulk with soldiers sttitinnd there. Kverv wheio I be bovs nnd L'irls of tho little villiivns brouebt native flowers or uifls to him. One sprv little miss ne tuiilly hopped into his cur nn.l planted n kiss on his cheek before the presi dent know whnt wns eointr on. Am- hnssndor nnd Mudiimo Jusseriind. who iiccompiinied Presidenl nnd Mrs. Wil son to Chiiumnnt, loft, for Pnris nt the same time thnt Mr, Wilson's train started townrd Cnlnis. 91 ST DIVISION ARE HELD OVER THERE fV, SALEM, Oro... Deo. 26, Soldlors from tho Pacific count nnd Northwost status, who nro with th'e 01st divis ion, which wns oi'Ranlzod at; Camp Lowls, are not slated for onrly roturn homo, according to a letter recolvad today iby (lovornor Wlthycombo ,f roin Major aonornl William H. Johnston, commnndVr ot tho dlvUlon. Oonornl Johnston polutod out that tho 01st had boon soleclod ns ono of tho thirty combat divisions doslgnntod to re main In Franco tor further training nnd posslblo sorvlco. ' The lottor gives In dotall the movements ot tha division slnco It lundocl In Franco nnd commends Its niombors for ynlor shown In battlo. WILSON FORCED TO SPEAK TO THE TOMMIES British Veterans Insist on a Word From American President Hopes Soldiers Will Enlov Fruits of Vic tory . Is Introduced to Lloyd . George at Charlnrj Cross. LONDON. Dec. (!. As soon ns President Wilson and his purtv enter ed lluckiniihum Paliice tho crowds outside, includiiiir several hundred wounded soldiers in the palace vard beuuu cb.'crintr. 1 hen fume shouts of "Wo want Wilson! We wiuit Wilson!" In response the president and Mrs. Wilson, together with Kine Oeornc and Oueen Mnrv appeared on the sec ond floor balcony. President Wilson lunched nnd wav ed his hand, indicating that he would rather not speak. Mrs. Wilson wnv ed a small union iack. Tho crowd. however insisted on a speech, so the president waved tho chorus of voices to silence and then addressed him self especially to tho wounded sol diers. Itelu.ii.nt to Talk "I do not want to nuiko n speech." ho said, "lint I do want to tell vou how numb 1 honor vou men who have been wounded in this ficht for free dom and to thank you all for tho wel come vou have so irencrouslv eiven me. I hope each nnd every one of vou will sonic tbrouub sufclv to eniov the fruits of the victory for- which voii so eoiirneeouslv foment." "'- As soon ns the president's spcecli wns concluded, the party re-entered tho palace whore Kinic George re ceived n Inrt-e croup of American newspaper correspondents, ineludine thoso who preceded President Wilson to Krnnee on the stenmer Orir.uhu. Kntlliisiustie scenes marked the ar rival nt the Chimin.' Cross station. As the president, accompanied bv Kimr Oeoruo omemed from the station, the crowds .iammiiiL' the streets broke into nrolonued cheers. At the same time ituns hecun lo thunder out n salute and dor.eiis of airplanes soared over head. The bells nnd chimes all over the city nlso pealed a welcome. Durinc the procession, flairs, hats and handkerchiefs wcro waved. The president wns uncovered throughout tho drive to ncknowlcdce tho cheers. Moots Lloyd George The scene inside tho Chorine Cross station wns not less cordial although uot so noisy. The reception purtv in cluded Kine florae. Oueen Mnrv, Priuecss Mnrv, Premier Llovd Gcorec nnd nil tho members of tho cnbinot, tho heads of the nrmv nnd navy, pre miers of the various dominions, a rep resentative of India and other offi cials. There wus a euard of honor from (ho Scots Guards, whilo the bund of the Grcnndier Gunrds played the "Star Spnnelcd Banner." The kine nnd oueen nnd Princess Mnrv erected President- Wilson with cordiality. President Wilson, iiceoni panied bv Kine Gcoree and tho Duko of. Cannuucht -.inspected the trunrd of honor. Premier Lloyd Georse nnd tho members of tho reception committee were then presented to the. president. Kits With King - The procession in which President Wilson traversed the streets of Lon don to ltiickinelinm Palace today was a short one. There wero intervals of 100 feet between tho units. . First .'lime a detachment of police and then a general and his staff with the troops of the Household cuvalrv four abreast in khaki and with drawn swords. Next came the king's carriugo in which President Wilsoji sat on the rieht of King Georco. The Duke of Connatiglit sat opposite them. Another group of envnlrv followed and thoiKcamo the envrinee with Oueen Mnrv, with Mrs. (Continued on Page Two.) MILITARY EQUIPMENT O.A.C. OHKOON AGIUCt'LTl'RAL C'OL LKGK, Corvnllis Dee. 20. .Some ot; the military ontilpmenl used bv the S. A, T, C, nt tho pplloao is being ve tuined for military nsfl hv spccinl nr rniiRcmeiil with the wnr department. This eouipinent. includes 300 eoniplelc uniforms, 300 cots nnd mntlresses. 10 lingo tents for usn in emorgenev hos ptnl work and on field trips, H00 lal pst model Reminclon rifles nnd the snmo number of Russian rifles, FATHER OF HERO KILLED IN ACTION HELD AS TRAITOR f YAKIMA, Wash., Dee. 20; L, W. Peters, whose Son was re- eeiitlv killed in- icti.m with tbe Cnnndian nrmv, was today held on n charge of esnirmaee nrefer- f f f red nt n hearing before K. K, ('leaver. I'nited States couimis- missioner. I'elprs is alleged to luive circulated literature ridi- culine the government of the I'nited Stales ' and uoholilintr Germanv as a Inodel. lie is of German birth but n naturalized t Kritish subject who has lived in v i.rumji nuun i. mi mi the I'nited States thr Pond was fixed at $2.0 ree venrs. 000. . i '''.-' El POLICY BY Readjustment of Costs to Increase Merchant Marine to Meet; Needs After War LaFollette Seaman's Act Upheld bv Senator Fletcher ' NecessltvisvAciite'.:'-' v ''--r- WASHINGTON. Dee. 20. Formu lution of a definite government policy relative , to the construction of ships and their cost in order to increase the Amerienn merchant marine to meet our needs after the war was urged during n discussion of the ship Ques tion today bv the senate. Senators Ynrdamnn of Mississippi, and Weeks of Massachusetts, favored n readjustment in the cost of con struction. Charges that the seamen's net had driven tho American fine from the Pacific ocean were branded ns ,-ut-terlv absurd" bv Senator Fletcher, chairmnn of the senate commerce committee. "The necessity for ships now is al most ns acute, for commercial pur poses, as it wns for military purpos es." Senator Fletcher said. ' He added thnt Knglnnd is plnnning to build 2.000,000 tons annually nnd Frunee 3,000.000 tons, while the Unit ed States had the yards to build 6. 000,000 tons nnnuallv. ' Senator Jones of Washington, said if tlic I'nited States kept pace with Knglnnd and France in the construc tion of ships the American govern ment would hnve to assume the same attitude toward private enterprises that those governments assume. SECY BAKER ASKS T TO WWASII1NGTON. Dec. 2fi.Imme- diuto legislation; nuthomine resump tion of voluntary- enlistment in the army and the repeal of provisions of the seleetivo servico net limiting en listments to tho period of the wnr, wus urged todnv bv Sccretarv linker in n letter to Chiuvman Dent ot the house military committee. ; Without tho legislation. Secretary Raker said, tho nrmv fitter the proc lamation of pence. . would not hnvo sufficient forces to perform essentiul military duties, including the policing of the military border. . .... v- "This legislation is urgently neces sary," he wrote, "because as soon after tho proclnmntion of pence ns tho existing emergency will permit those who hnvo enlisted or boen draft ed to servo during tho' emergency,- must nil, in uceordnnco with tho law, be dischnrged, , , '-. "Tho only men who will remain in the servico nro those men enlisted in tho regular army on or prior to April 1, 101", and whose enlistments have not vet expired.. This small number has been cut down bv ensualties nnd oilier yicisiludcs,'.' . " 0 NT SHIP URGED SENATORS GREAT OVAT ON GIVEN WILSON flN ENGLAND On Journey From Calais President and Mrs. Wilson Accorded All Hon ors Ever Given Royalty Masses , Line , March, American t Flao Is Worn Cheers Rock Streets. LONDON, Dec. 26. President and Mrs. Wilson were In Buckingham Palace this afternoon after a Jour ney from Calais to London during which they were accorded all the honors ever given royalty. Never has a royal progress, except those of great national ceremonials, excited such interest here as the first state visit of an American president.. The drive ot the short procession from the station to the palace was made thru streets lined with the guards regiments in khaki. Fresh flags bung overhead and covered buildings, white windows, balconies, sidewalks and open spaces were fill ed with people, many of whom wore the American colors. ., It was a brief spectacle. First came the sovereign's escort of troops from the household cavalry, , with helmets and steal cuirasses. Then came the carriages with King George and President Wilson and Queen Mary, Mrs. .Wilson and Princess Mary. These were followed by three others,, which passed almost unno ticed, as all eyes were on Mr. and Mrs. Wilson and-the royal family: - Pass Xelson Monument : Altho the trip was a short one, It lay thru a most interesting section of London. . From Charing Cross the route ran along the north side of Trafalgar Square- with the Xelson monument towering -on the left and the national gallery on the right, its gray walls almost covered by huge American and British flags. It con tinued along Pall Mall, turning northward at St. James Place and up St. James street to Plcadilly tho chief landmarks along this stage be ing solid, somewhat worn buildings ot the old London clubs now decked with bunting .they keep for special occasions. The procession drove west ward along the north side of Picca dilly passing a tract of clubs and big hotels and palatial residences, not ably the home ot the Duke ot Devon shire,: with Red Cro6S flag over It, and. the residence of the Duke ot Wellington, at the entrance of Hyde park where the procession turned. Between Piccadilly and Bucking ham Palace there stretches Green park which was dark with people The parly drove past Wellington arch and along the southern side of the park, flanked on the right by the wall of the palace ground, and then Into the broad plaza before the pal ace and thru the iron gates Into the palace. - . . , People Crowd 'Xear : Probably the most interesting part of the spectacle for the president was the people who were crowded every where to greet him. The day being a holiday, workingmen and women had a chance to turn out with their smell children. They made the most of their opportunity and to no stra tum of British humanity could the president have made a stronger ap peal. While the formal features ot the event were well staged and managed. the human factor presented the most Interest. . The Interior of the grimy old station where King George wel comed Mr. Wilson was carpeted with red and tho walls and roofs were hidden behind masses ot flags. Club windows were mostly monopolized by men while the hotels and stores along tl:e way were tilled with gay (Continued on Page Two.) IN PEACE CONFERENCE PARIS, Dec. 2(5. (Ilavns.l Allied representatives hnvo decided that neutral nations will not be admitted to the pence mml'eroneo, necording to nowspnpers here. , Neutrals mnv ad dress their claims to belligerents, however, nnd such claims will be re ferred to a special bo.lv which will ho created bv the pence conference. . It- is reported thnt neutrals will par ticipate in tho deliberations, incident to the formation of a Lcngup of Na tions, . - PLEASURE TO S President Gives Brief Address On Arrival at Dover Common Pur pose Gives Common Spirit Duke of Connauqht Greets the Presiden tial Party at Port. DOVER. England, Dec. 26. The weather was bright and crisp this morning and Dover wore a festal ap pearance with its decorations and its animated throngs ready to welcome President and Mrs. Wilson. Their arrival was signalled by the firing of a royal salute. Large crowds lined the Admiralty pier and its ap proaches long before the president came ashore. The Duke of Connaught with his suite, accompanied by John W. Davis tbe American ambassador, the Earl of Reading, British ambassador to the United States; -Lord Herschell and the mayor of Dover were on the pier to meet the visitors. The mayor presented an address of welcome to the president. President Wilson then reviewed th'e guard of honor from the naval garrison of Dover. . The scene In the harbor as the presidential vessel entered was an animated one. Airplanes and sea planes In large numbers circled over head, while in the warehlps in the harbor, which Joined with the shore batteries in firing the salute were gaily dressed with, bunting. ' The jerewa.. manned ship and cheered -as the presidential boat passed into the harbor.' , : Sirs. Wilson Interested As the Brighton entered the har bor the salute in honor of the presi dent was fired from Dover Castle. This was the first time since the be ginning of the war that this honor had been accorded any visitor. The Brighton's path was along the line ot ships of the famous Dover patrol, all of which were flying American flags and their crews lining the rail. The bands which when the Brighton was sighted had played "God Save the King," now took on the "Star Span gled Banner," each ship's company standing at attention. The Brighton snundron was flying the president's flue. Admiral Key's nennant nnd the British unvnl ensign. Mrs. Wilson, who wns on deck, took the greatest interest in the evolutions of the British destroyers. Strew' ltoses In Path : As President Wilson walked to the train, a ' dozen girls wearing the American colors, strewed pedals of roses in his path. All this time the airplanes had been hovering over the pier and the station and as the special train beariueg the president left for the capital the airmen nlso headed for London, accompanying the train nil the wnv. In addition to the erent crowds in the town, many people gathered along the line of the rniiwnvs nnd nt differ ent stations cheering as the train passed. , In reply to the nddress of welcome. President Wilson snid : "Wo hnvo come through mnnv se rious times together nnd therefore can rcgard'eneh other in a new light ns comrades and associates, because nothing brings men together like a common undertaking: and a common purpose. "It is .therefore, with deep emotions nnd peculiar gratification that I find myself here afforded the opportnnitv of matching my mind with tho minds of those who. with a like intention, nro proposing to do tho best they enn, thnt -enn be done in tho crent settle ment of the struggle.'' NEUFACIITEL.' Wednesday. Dee. 25. (Unvns.) Christmas wns cele brated bv 5,000 Amerienn soldiers here todnv. Miss' Margaret Wilson. daughter of the president, participat ed. Gifts of tovs and clothing were given to the children of the vicinity. Basketball Starts at O.A.C. OREGON AGRICULTURAL COL. LEGE. Corvnllis, Dec. 20 Basket- hull rtmcticn will ctnrf nt flin m-llmin immediately nfter tho Christmns holi days. U. V. .Hobmson,' lust year s center, will ho tho nucleus nvound which tho quintet will bo formed,: . MATCH M ND SAYS WILSON view U.S. FLEET SAILS INTO PORT Tumultuous Reception Given to Vic toria's Sauadron Under Command Admiral Mayo Parade Uo Fifth Avenue Surpasses All Records for Noisy Enthusiasm Fleet of 21 Aeroplanes Precede Armada Uo the Bay. -;: " " NEW YORK, Dec. 26. Led by the super-dreadnaught Arlzona.'ten great battleships in command of Admiral Henry T. Mayo the vanguard, of America's victory fleet in European waters steamed majestically up New York harbor today in review before Secretary of the Navy Daniels and were greeted with a tumultuous reception by harbor craft and hun dreds of thousands of persons who lined the shores. The fleet reached Ambrose channel late yesterday afternoon and rode at anchor within sight of the city's lights last night. Thunderous Salute The ships weighed anchor at 7:30 o'clock today and escorted by a fleet of 21 airplanes proceeded slowly up the harbor to the Statue of Liberty where Secretary Daniels and a party of distinguished guests on the presi dential yacht Mayflower reviewed tbe Inspiring procession. The shrieks of thousands .of -welcoming - sirens and whistles were drowned by the thunderous salute of 19 guns from each battleship as it came abreast of the Mayflower. ; The dreadnaughts passed up the Hudson and anchored from.. Both tq lZoth street and preparations then were made for 10,650 men to disem bark for the land parade down Fifth avenue this afternoon. The ships welcomed home after 18 months of strenuous patrols of seas infested by enemy submarines were: The Pennsylvania, the Arizona, the Oklahoma, tho Nevada, the, Utah, tho New York, the Texas, the Arkansas, the Wyoming and the Florida. The Reviewing Party In addition to Secretary Daniels, the reviewing party included Secre tary of War Baker, Secretary of Ag riculture Houston, General Peyton C. March, chief ot staff of . the United States army; Admiral Gant of the British navy and the senior naval at taches of the allied nations. " ' After the parade this afternoon the men will be given shore leave and a number of entertainments and dinners will be given in their honor. When the fleet was at anchor off Ambrose channel lightship the snow tell so thickly that the dreadnaughts and their escorting cruisers could not be seen from shore. Scarcely visible, a giant kite -balloon preceded the Arizona, leading the unit of the fleet, to the harbor an aircraft towed, 800 feet up, by the gunboat Gloucester, at the end ot a taut line. Behind the armada two more balloons were pulled along abaft the Florida, the last warship to enter. Above the slowly steaming dreadnaughts airplanes dipped and rose obscure snowbirds which gave to the scene a picturesque touch as they darted about above the basket masts of the -battleships. From each of these masts fluttered a largo American flag and promptly at 10 o'clock, notwithstanding the difficul ty of maneuvering in the snowstorm, the Arizona steamed by the May flower, firing her salute of 19 guns In honor ot Secretary Daniels. OF DEFENSE TO SALEM, Oro., Dec. 26. The Ore gon state council ot defense; will ceaso to exist on January 1, Gover nor WIthycombo announced today. An executive committee named by the governor, with Mayor Goorge Ba ker of Portland, as, chairman, will: deal with any problems arising from demobilization and reconstruction. - The decision to disband tbe de fense council wnB due to the fact that it is operating under a deficit! created by the state emergency board and It was believed It should no longer bo an expense to the stato, ; 1 v