PSGE SIX
rrcPFORD MATL TRTPiUKE, MEDFOTin, OTiEC,'ONT, WEDNESDAY. XOYEMPETl 20. 1018
INFECTANT
DISCOVERED BY RE1ER PROVES
ISEASE
" I used not tlie Hlitlitwt indention jt
,j n . , tliu diHt'uKe could be found, The mur-
Cynanide of Mercury Prevents Spread eins of W0lmds Hhowtd Bomo ln.
of Blight in Wounds of Tree but j"rv, fl'0'" .t'v.nni1 of mercury
to a niirrow strip of bnrk n round the
wounds, nnd wns of no material im
portance nK the rnmbinm soon start
ed to push out from underneath the
injured hark and continued to irrow
out over the wound iust as it does in
normal wounds where no injury hus
been produced.
Corrosive Sublimate Must Still Be
Used ior Cutting Instruments.
(Bv F. C. lieimer. Southern Oreiron
Kxpcrimcnt .Station, Talent Ore.)
It is cencrullv known bv pear grow
ers that t ho only wav to eliminate
pear bliitbt (bacillus auilovorus) from
an infected tree is to cut out uad de
stroy all the infected parts of the
tree. It is ulso well known that in
cutting out and throuch these infected
Further KxiierlmcntH
Theso results were rcuarded of such
importance that the worl. was repeat
ed on Itartlett, Anjou, Howell, Co
mice. Hose, and Winter Nelis. In one
series a bouillon bliu'ht culture was
iinrtintw nt'inti hhl,t k,.,.i ,.r, I used, wbile in the oilier sorics the t v-
........ .1 - .....i i ... ! uifiil blight ooze from butllv blielited!
""""" . ., ' .1 lain fart fl n t a hjin l.onn tried llllll
prove thoroly effective the carrying
and ubo of two solutions is cumber
some and not relished by the average
bllBht cutter.
It Is evident that another disinfec
tant should be found which will be
offeetlve on both tho wounds and tho
tools. A search Is now being made
for such a disinfectant.
It Is Interesting to s-peculuto on
why tho cyanide of mercury Is effec
tive on the wounds but not on the
knife, while the opposite Is true of
the corrosive sublimate. The follow
ing suggestions are worth consider
ing in this connection. The cyanldo
of mercury may form a chemical
compound with the metal when
placed on toots which destroys its ef
fectiveness as a disinfectant. Or it
may be effective on the wound sim
ply because it modifies the plant tis
sues by Injury or otherwise mak
ing It Impossible for the bacteria to
develop and enter the normal tissues
beyond. The corrosive sublimate, as
has already been discussed, probably
becomes Ineffective ln the presence
of the organic matter In the wound.
On metal tools, in the absence of or
ganic matter, It Is effective.
A Promising; Disinfectant
In our experiments a number of
Y.M.CLiL WANTS
The Y. M. C. A. Personnel com
mittee for Mcd.'ord and vicinity have
received word of the urircnt need of
men for thut work overseas. Five
thousand men arc needed at once and
ii, en interested in that line of service
are urucd to uive the matter immedi
ate attention. A recent cable asks
OFFICER'S GUEST
Lost, Strayed or Stolen One
Fred Irwin, weight about 135 pounds
height about 5 ft. C, not branded,
light gray suit, when ;as: seen was
going north.
This is the young man that Con
stable Chapman brought from Eu
gene, and as he found him running
the work
the final cuts are made in the clean . '"'i'r experiment the disinfectant
healthy bark some of the bacteria on
the toola are nu'iiin smcarked over the
hcultliy surface. In manv cases new
infections are made in this manner,
nnd the disease continues to spread
from the maruains of the wound, r'or
were used at the saihe strengths as in
the first experiment, while in others
different strengths were tried. In all
cases where the cyanide of mercury
was used at a strength of 1 to 500
not n simile case of bliuht developed
this reason a disinfectant should bciWilh tllc exception of a few wounds
applied to destroy any bacteria that
may thus havo been left on the sur
face of the wound. The only disin
fectant that lias been generally rec
ommended und widely used for this
purpose is corrosive sublimate (bi
chloride of mercury.) This is a pow
erful disinfectant, and has been ex-
on trees making a very slow growth
all of those treated vvllh corrosive
sublimate, crcsol, bordeaux paste,
lime sulphur, and black leaf 40, again
developed blight.
In all of the earlier experiments we
used the pure cyanide of mercury and
distilled water. The disinfectant was
1
l,.iwiv,.l,. ,,, ii,.. i.v Mi,!i,.,ii i prepared fresh each day and curried
in glass reccpucies inm appueu wnn
an ordinnrv clean paint brush. Two
men.
It has often been noted where the
blight cankers have been removed nnd
corrosive sublimate lias been applied
that the disease would continue to de
velop, especially during favorable
weather conditions. This has gener
ally been nllrihutcd to a lack of thor
ough work leaving some blighlcd tis
sue in the margin of the wound. It is
certain that this has been responsible
for such continued development of
pear blight in many cases.
However, often pear blight would
continue to develop from such wounds
where the most thorough cutting pos
sible had been done. For this reason
it wus suspected that possibly cor
rosive sublimate was not always de
stroying all (he bacteria left on such
wounds. Hence, experiments were
started ill June of this year to lest
corrosive sublimate ami other cheiyi
cals as disinfectants lor pear bliulit
genus on the wounds of pear irecs. ,
For this experiment a large num
ber of uniform and vcrv vigorous
three-year old llartlctt pear trees
were selected. These were entirely
free from pear blight when ihe exper
iment was started. On the trunk of
each Ireo two largo wounds were
made, removing I he bark and exposing
the sapwond over Ihe entire wound,
lilight bacteria were then smeared ov
er tho surface of each wound, espec
ially over the margins so that most oC
tho bacteria were deposited on the
cut surface of Ihe margin of each
wound. All the bacteria used came
from one blight culture so as to uive
uniformity. Immediately nfler ap
plying: these bacteria tho disinfectants
wero npplicd covering the entire
wound thoroughly with the disinfect
ant by means of a now, clean paint
brush. For each disinfectant n sep.
nratc brush was used. The following
disinfectants were used, treating w.ilh
two exceptions eight trees, or sixteen
wounds with each disinfectntnt : llor
deaux paste, corrosive sublimate 1 to
MO. Onisol 5 per cent, cyanide of
mercury 1 to .MM), lime sulphur 111 pit
cent, 'llliick Leaf III" ,ri per cent,
Clilorozenc 1 to .'illO. Kiglit trees were
used as checks to the wounds of which
the bacteria were applied, but no dis-
intectant was used.
The results of this experiment were
rather startling. Kvcrv wound treat
ed with corrosive sublimate, bordeaux
paste, rrcsol, lime sulphur, black leal
40, and ehhiror.enc, developed a vigor
ous case of pear blight. The corro
sive sublimate was used twice as
strong as is generally recommended
tor this purpose, and the brands used
are maniilactiircd bv sonic of the
largest chemical firms in Ibis conn
try. The Imrdeaux paste was nui'Ic
bv dissolving I pound of bluestonc in
a gallon of water .and two pounds uf
lime in one gallon of water, and then
mixing the two. The Crcsol used was
Ihe tin nor crosolis compositus. The
lime sulphur was one of the bc:
known commercial brand- mid tested
.'Ii! llaunie. The chloroine is n new
disinfectant now extensively used in
treating human wounds.
It is well known that corrosive sub
limate is n veiv powcvliil disinfect
mil under certain conditions. In pure
water cultures it will readily kill moM
bacteria in a coiiipaiti'clv short time
when imed at a sti'cti;ili of I lo lliilil.
It has been known for manv vent
that its value is impnrcd bv organic
matter, and especially bv albiiitiiiis.
T'nder these conditions it lonus inert
combinations ami ils value as a di.
infectant is largely do.-lrocil. 'this
l.robablv explains our results with this
nialeriiil on Ihe wounds of pear tree
which are largely composed of organ
ic mat I or.
IfV'siills Willi ( jnnlcle of .Mi-miry
The treatment with evnliiilc of nicr-
rurv, in Ihe above experiment, proved
very effective. Not a single wound
t rented with this material developed
Might. In this experiment wo iicd
the pure ofniiiile of mercury lo .""
grams of water. It is unite reinnik
nble that with all the olhcr Ircntnienls
every wound developed Might while
where the cyanide of mercury v
ilrops of bliL'ht ooze were applied to
each wound to make the test a severe
one.
Kxpcrimcnt" :,re now in progress to
determine whelher the cvunido of
mercury tabiets are as effective as
the pure cvunide of mercury; nnd
whelher hard w;ater, metal recepticles
and n sponge impair their ellective
ncss. Preliminary results indicate
that the tablets are effective.
Cyanide of Mercury nt Other
Strengths
In tlic Inter experiments it lias been
found that cyanide ol mercury is not
always effective when used lit n
strength of 1 to Willi. While some of
the wounds on which this strength
was used did not develop blight in n
nninlfcr of eases the disease did de
velop. Hence, it is not sufe to use
this malerial at this weak strength
Kxperitnents will be conducted to de
termine the weakest strength that will
be effective in all cases.
Fxperimciits have also been con
ducted to determine what strength of
cvaniilc of mercury causes lniurv on
the wounds of pear trees. It has
been, found (hat a strength of 1 to .'1110
causes severe injury. For this rea
son it should not be used stronger
than 1 to MO,
Cjnnldo of Mercury Xol Kffertlvo on
Tools
Kxperiinents have also been con
ducted to determine the value of cv
niudo ot mercury as n disinfectant
for the metnl tools used in blight eon
trol work. The results hnve been sur
prising to say the least. A drop of
blight oozo was smeared over the
blade of n steel knife which was then
immersed in the cvauidc of mercury
(I. to 511) solution. A cut was then
made with this knife through the bark
and cambium of n clean healthy pear
branch. This operation was repeated
many times, treating the knife with n
drop of oozo and immersing it in the
disinfectant each time before n new
cut was made. In most of the cuts
no bliuht developed, hut in a small
per eentngo of eases the disease did
levelop. It is evident that this ill
infectant is not a sale one to use on
tools. This is unfortunate but nevr
Iheless true.
Another surprising nnd remarkable
result was obtained with corrosive
Mihlininto ( bichloride of mercury) ns
a disinfectant for metal tools. The
above experiment was duplicated us
ing corrosive sublimate at n strength
of 1 to o00 as the disinfectant. Not
a single case of blight developed
where this material was um'iI.
To summarize: Cvanide of mer
cury 1 to o00 is olfeetive on the
wound, hut not effective on metal
tools: ami corrosive sublimate is not
effective on the wounds hut effective
on. the tools
It Is evident that If the cyanide of
mercury In applied to every wound-
whether n wound from which blight
has been cut or simply a wound made
in healthy bark In probing for blight
It will prove effective. In other
words It will destroy blight bacteria
left on the surface of the wound by
the tools. If the blight cutler wants
to disinfect his tools also, nud this Is
preferable, he should use tho corro
sive sublimate for that purpose; anil
tho cynntde of mercury for the
wounds While ttits procedure will
most of thorn have proved ineffective.
With some, unfortunately, not suf
ficient work has been done to draw
final conclusions. Olio of these ap
pears quite promising and is well
worthy of further work. This is for
maldehyde, also known as formalin.
Experiments have been conducted
to determine the value of formalde
hyde as a disinfectant for both the
wounds and tools. It was used at
strengths of 4, 7, and 10 per cent.
In theso tests tho four percent
strength proved effective ln all cases
as a disinfectant for the tools. The
other strengths were not tried on tbr
tools, but undoubtedly the 7 and 10
percent would be effective.
All of these strengths were tried
on the wounds of pear trees. The 4
percent and 7 percent strengths
proved effective in many cases, but
dovoloped blight in a few caseB.
Hence these strengths cannot be rec
ommended. The 10 per cent strength
has provod effective in all these
ir -in met, for ibi. French nnnv ;in,l 1 loose, he thought that he was per-
many for the Italian troops. The j fectly tame, so when he arrived in
need right now is greater than wil n Medford he entertained him at his
active fighting was going on. home, refusing to take him to the
Ihe latest ativice concerning men , county jail
who may go came from New Yorii this
week. ".Men 37 or older September
12tli may be approved for overseas
and secure passport without draft
clnsMiicnlion or permit to leave th
country. .Men 32 to 37 deferred clas
sifications may now be recruited, but
need permit to lenve country."
Uwmg to the tact tbat troops ae
not being sent to the home camps,
we will not want to recruit men for
domestic service. F.xceptionnl men
may however be considered for this
service.
-Men of this locality who are inter
ested are urged to make application
to the local Personnel committee con
sisting of J. C. Mann. George Ii. Lind-
ley. F.. N. Warner. II. E. JIarsh nud
L. Myron Boozer.
WIRE SERVICE CONSOLIDATED
(Continued from page one.)
interruption or impairment of ser
vice to the public.
Cooperation Asked
"I earnestly request the loyal co
operation of all officers, operators
and employes, In order that the ser
vice rendered shall not only be main
tained at a high standard, but im
proved wherever possible. It is the
tosts; as not a single case of blight I purpose to co-ordinate and unify
has developed where this strength
was used. Wounds treated with cor.
roslve sublimate at the same timo de
veloped the disease.
These tests with formaldehyde
wore not started until midsummer,
hence the results cannot be conaid-
orcd final. It In well known that a
pear tree usually will not blight as
readily after midsummer as during
the spring and early summer, due lo
the treat amount of sap and more
succulent growili early in the season.
Next season wo shall repeat the ex
periment at the most critical time,
and I reserve final conclusions until
that time.
While the findings cannot be con
sidered final the writer considers for
maldehyde as an extremely promis
ing dlslnf.ectant for blight control
work, if It proves effective during
the most critical season of the year,
It will be even more desirable than
cynulde of mercury ns It can be used
on both wounds nnd tools. The wri
ter feels that n 10 percent solution
of formnldcbyde can bo safely recom
mended for both tools and wounds
in blight work during the fall and
winter months. The commercial for
maldehyde commonly sold by drug
gists to percent strength was
used in this work. A 10 percent
strength In this discussion means 1
part of commercial formaldehyde
mixed with ! parts water. Tills
these services so that they may be
operated as a national system with
due regard to tho interests of the
public and the owners of the prop
erties. "No changes will be mado until
nftor tho most careful consideration
of all thee facts. When deemed ad
visable to make changes, due an
nouncement will be made.
"Nothing contained in this order
shall bo construed to affect in any
way the censorship of marine cables
now conducted under tho direction
of the secretary of the navy under
executlvo order of September 2(i,
1918."
The charge against Irwin is beat
ing a hotel bill. He appeared before
Justice Taylor Tuesday morning and
hearing was set for tw-o o'clock yes
torday afternoon. As he complained
of not feeling well, and not fully
having recovered from an attack of
the influenza, Constable Chapman
took him to his home again, and left
him there to enjoy himself while he
went to the country to serve some
papers. When lunch time neared,
tho young man told Mrs. Chapman
that ho would go up town land get
some oysters for lunch. He is still
going, probably not being able to lo
cate any on the street that were
strictly fresh, decided to go up to
Pugot Sound where they grow. He
may have had another attack of the
flu and forgot to notify his friends
where he is located.
Ill
strength causes noticoable, but im
material, injury to the margins and
surfuce of the wound.
At this season of the year in hi3
regular blight control work ln the
Station orcbnrd the writer is using
10 percent formaldehyde, for both
wounds nnd tools. IN'ext spring and
early summer bo will use cyanldo of
mercury on tho wounds until experi
ments have decided whether formal
dehyde Is effective at that critical
season. 1 must repeat that for
wounds alone cvanide of mercury is
thoroughly effective nt all seasons
of the year, and whore every wound,
cut, and scratch made by the tools is
disinfected with this material, it will
provo entirely effective.
Reality always surpasses
imagination.
1MPEBIALES
MOUTHPIECE
CIGARETTES,
leave nothing to your imag
ination. They're mild and
rich, fragrant and cool. The
fine tobacco, cooling mouth
piece and mais paper wrap
ping make them the real
thing.
Moline Tractor
Demonstration
The new 4-cyllndcr Moline tractor
arrived In Medford and will be dem
onstrated on Thursday and Friday
afternoons on the Jacksonville road
just outside city limits. Any ono in
terested in the tractor call at the A.
W. Walker Auto Co. for information.
Mow warmincf
2500,000 homes
Why?
Because of the comfort, convenience
and economy in heating with Perfec
tion Oil Heater. Lights at the touch
of a match gives instant, cozy
warmth. No smoke or odor. Easy to
carry about.
Steady, comfortcble heat for many hours
on one filling with Pearl Oil, the ever
obtainable fuel Oil consumed only when
heat is needed no waste.
This Week Is
Perfection Oil
Heater Week
And now is the time to buy Perfection Oil
Heater. Call on your dealer today.
STANDARD OIL COMPANY
(California) '
Are Advertised Medicines Worthless?
There is no more reason to con
demn all iidvenlseil uicillilnes than
there Is to condemn al plivsUbilis or
all ilrutiKlsis. fakes there are In
every protcion and In every Hade.
ion they do not bi-t h'lig. Take a
iiieilMiie like l.vdi.i K. I'iiikbain's
Vegetable Compound, the true lent
of lis merit in Ihe fact ttiat for tony
vears It has hern rcllcvlne winncn ot
lnorhn flom the worst forms of fe
11111I0 ailment, coiistiuitty growing In
popularity and favor. 11111 II tt ts now
reroKiilred from ocean to ocean as
the ulandnrd remedy for female Ills.
Adv.
3EKFECT10N
OIL HEATER
W. E. WALKER, Special Ajjcnt, Standard Oil Co., Medford, Ore.
I l liS V. C, l,wvcr, (TiKial I'oint, W. A. Cowley. IVillral Point; (iarnctt llrov, Modforil: .Modioli!
I'lirnltiiif . HanlMnrc Co., Medlord; Tlios. Simp., 1,, .X.bbmd; IV.ki ln.., Ashland; Krrd i. Kick. Jar !.,.
ville; ,, M, JoluiMin, tiold Hill; I jiilcrs Kept. Store, .Ulihind.
Sae ZfarlHFANTSandlNVAUDS
AbK FOR rm'k . .ZttTT!
111 ' ui-giuai '
mi 1 1 11 1 111 1 i y ir f ,M
Nourlahfntf
Digestible
Nn Coakintf
ForInfants,lnvalids andGrowing Children. I RichMIlk, Malted Grain Extract ft Powder
The Orieinal Food-Drink For All Aces. I
OTHERS are IMITATIONS
1
1
3 tvJ
it KTO
ll
lit
MERICA'STHOMETSHOE POLISH
1 1
1 1
1 1
QH IN Oil A
TEN CENTS
1 1 rifc j 111 M ir
I M j 1 1 I ' l 1
I ARGE quantities of ShinoiA re pur
chased by the Government to be sold
to the Soldiers and Sailors.
.
We aim to make ShinoiA cost the men
serving their country and the public
back of the men, as little as possible.
War conditions turn men's heads to
profit making.' $ We believe friends
and users are more valuable than the
profit of the moment That is why
you can buy ShinoiA at the same price
as always.
BLACK - TAN - WHITE - RED - BROWN
PRICE AS ALWAYS
TEN CENTS
CASH AND CARRY
Is the saving system and gives satisfaotiou.
Yc deliver on request, at cost of lOe, whenever
necessary.
Holiday gouds in profusion at Tlie Truax Store.
Suitable sifts for old and younrj. Selections should
be made early. Now is the time to come in and select
what you may want before the "flu" ban is lifted
and the crowds' turned loose.
Fair Dealing and Courteous Treatment.
The Truax Company
327 E. Main. Medford.
Auction Sale of Purebred
Shorthorn Cattle
Roseburg, Oregon, Nov. 23, '18
20 BULLS 5 HEIFERS
All from Hit' 1-oM tii-nl In tbo noribvir-if, n(,i,)a 8cvtiiI
JiiiniK bull from tho nolnl nillKlnn slmrlbnrn lienl of W. II. Aycr,
nt Cnrlton, Orison,
The uili. N b.-iim b, l,l -l.-r the Jnlnt illivrtlun i.f Hie lmiKla
otinty Cnllli nii nVi Asmm buloi, n.l tbe Wthimt INirr-hrcl Ilrwl
rr's AiMMiiitton.
It. 1 MC'lliH.s, i it K ItlJOWV.
l'iv,bl,.nt of lioiiiilns Comity Cnrlton. (),, ., Snlr. Mnnwror
Ciilll.m.'ii' A.MHinllon. r,,r Hip Xnrtlinpst furrbrwl
Urot-clor- oi Utliin.