f POTE SIX
' MEDFORD MAIL TRTBTTNTC, MEDFORT). OREOOK. TUESDAY. 'ATTiFST 1.". Ifltfl
RURA
CREDITS
BILL Fi
TILLERS OF SOIL
Details of Farm Loan Bill Explained
Places Farmers in Position to
. Borrow Money on Easier Terms
Wlien Secured by Mortgages Re
' "if
suit of Thorough Study.
.. . .. Hy Sam T, lluli-s.
' WASHINGTON, Aug. 15. For the
fii;Bt time l oi"" history the federal
government lnm enacted u luw for the
purpose of nroniotltiK the (Illum ing of
the fiuinoin. That luw Ik now In cf
fert. It Is called the federal farm
loan act, and la the result of long
limitation and for the reform, culled
ly wrllern tind BpeakerH "rural
rredlts."
"The federal farm loan' net deals
B-lth I he matter of liiitlliiK farmers
nil over the United States In position
to borrow . money on easier terms
hen secured, hy inortKuties on their
farms. It does not, deal w"h ,ii1k
ness of loinliiR farmers money on
their iniKer1iii;ed, promissory noles or
on notes secured by chattel mort
gages.. ConnresH felt tha,t this should
lm a laler development. ,
ltcttci' l''iuniliiK,'Mon I'VxmI.
The federul farm loan act Is simple
In' principles and In purposes. The
government and the luw's fiamors
iope to jiut I lie huslness of farmiiiK
on tt more liusliiess-ljle hasHtnUie
end that this nation shall have,' more
farming, and hotter farming and,
therefore, more food, hotter food,
cbeaped food, while the farmer him
self shall, at the same time, find his
business more prof liable. There are
no opposltes In this statement. llotli
propositions ore entirely feasible.
The problem before the framcrs of
the hill was to draw a luw which
would work In America. The obstacles
to a law exactly like that of Clor
jnany, Franco or Italy are partly legal
and partly in the fact that farmers In
this country urc not situated economi
cally or socially like those of Europe.
The bill wus drawn with an eye to the
benefit of the farmers, and with no
other purpose, Onco In a while con
gress does a good thing and this is
one. No bill of which I have any
knowledge, not oven the federal re
nerve act, was ever labored over more
unremittingly, more painstakingly.
. Two commissions went to Europe
to study the question hi fore any bill
was drawn. The people of the Hulled
Slates may hovo a good or a bad
rilrul credit act; but It Is certuln
tlhat It was honestly drawn, after long
filnily on the part of hundreds of aide
snail, and when finally passed wus as
ood a hill as honest purpose, greut
Btujdy and ability could make It. It Is
jirobably Imperfect, however, unit will
need amendment.
alien' Will lie 11! KtNlcml Lund Hanks
I'mler the federul farm loan act,
mortgages will nut be held by Individ
uals at all. Tlitiro wll I, e 12 federal
banks, situated In different parts of
the country, a good deal us the fed
eral reserve bnukB are situated, and
each of these federal land bunks will
hold ull l,he mortBKBes Issued lu Us
one-twelfth of the United Stales. The
mortgages will nut be sold. They w ill
be held by the system. Much federul
land bunk will Issue land bonds se
cured by the mortgages It holds.
These laud bonds will be in different
denominations, some as low us $!'.",
so that any person with suvlngs
amounting that t lint sum or more run
Invest In lund bonds without having
to' wait until he m-hii have a whole
10' wait unlll he eau buy u whole
mortgage.
These land bonds will lie safe. They
'will not be taxable. They w ill he m'.
cured in three ways. First, by the
endorsement of the federal land bank
which Issues them, handling one
twelfth or the Pulled Stales. Second,
by all the other 1 1 federal laud hunks.
Third, by the national farm loan as
sociation, which Issues tliem In the
first place, and which Is a co-operu-;tive
organization of borrowing far
mers In the vicinity of the land mort
gaged. Fourth, by the land mort
gaged, which must he worth at least,
twice as much as the face of the mort
gage, according to the appraisement
of t!e loan committee of the associa
tion and a government appraiser.
,.. (ioil um tiovceiimcnt IIoihLs.
.. The guarantee of the local loan as
taociatlon is bucked by a ' per cent
guur.inly fund. One loan out of 20
might be a loss before this gnurunty
fund would be used up. Altogether,
it. looks as ir the lund bonds would
be considered as good ns government
.bonds but of course, the govern
ment doeir not guarantee them. Tin'
government, however, does .subscribe
to the I stock of the federal
land banks the 12 I mentioned
provided that private capital does not
INANCES
take thu slock. They have $750, 000
capital each.
Ten or more furms may establish
a national loan association and begin
Issuing tnortguges. It i a simple and
easy thing, but under strict govern
ment supervision. All they need to
do Is to meet, declare that they want
to borrow on mortgage and proceed.
They will each have to buy l.'i of
stock 111 the federal lund bank of their
region for every $100 borrowed, but
they will get this money back when
they puy off their mortgages, and In
the meantime will get their dividends
If the federal land bank earns any,
which It Is expected lo do.
Vny Interest and Alo lCiirn Dividends
In other words, instead of paying
a !i per cent commission for a loan, us
some now do, the borrower will pay
the same sum for stock which will
probably earn dividends for him, ;ind
which he will get buck when he pays
off his debt.
Tho mortgago Is not allowed to
draw a higher rate of Interest thun
the legal rate of the locality. It will
draw as low a rate as will be proven
plssible by the sule of the lund bonds.
If Investors and savers think so well
of the land bonds that they are wilt
lug to buy them on a basis of 4 per
cent, tho mortgages will not. draw
over five. They may not draw as
much ns one per cent ubove the l-'iu'l
bond rale. That depends on experi
ence. Anyhow the farmer will get
his money at actuul cost to (tie great
system of banks handling the busi
ness. .
He cannot borrow over $10.00(1. If
he wants more than that he w-III have
to borrow In soino other way. Tills
federal farm loan uct provides for
federul Joint-stock bunks, which can
also lssuo land bonds under govern
ineiit auspices.
It Is thought by some that these
hunks will be organized promptly and
so rapidly that they will cover the
field and prevent the organization of
very many of tho eo-operntlve orgnnl-
zutlnns of borrowers which I have de
scribed. If so, peihnps It will ,ho bc
canse the American farmer liken to
deal with private banks rather than
to organize co-operatively. If this
proves true, the farmers will hnve
themselves to blame.
1'iiylnjf Off tho lxmns.
Tt Is also among the possibilities
1'iat tho private Joint-stock bunks,
orgunUed under this new law, will be
able to furnish money a cheaply as
ro-oporutlve associations can do, and
thus nave the trouble, slight as It is,
and the small Investment In stock.
vAftor five years any mortgagor
under this system may pay bis loan
off whole or In part. Hut loans under
this system either through a co-operative
association or a Joint-stock bank,
are made on the basis of paying a lit
tle of the principle whenever Ihe In
terest Is paid. Thus these loans will
be extinguished, principal and interest
In from 20 to ill! years by paying lit
tle, If any more, than whut mere In
terest amounts to on ordinary loans.
This Is called amortization, and offers
the easiest known way for the grnduul
payment of loans.
IAN I
OTTAWA, Out., Aug. l.V-Thc
uiilitiu department tiuiiouiici'd today
tliut the t'nuudian troops at the front
have been li'iiiisl'ei'ied from Ihe Yprcs
salient to the Solium-. The troop
comprise tour divisions. The nu
nouncemcut is taken to menu llml the
'iiiuiiliaiis have I n called upon to
join tin- Hriti-di, Australian and New
Zealand troops in the threat oll'ciiMtc
on (be Sommc I'roul.
lu the lime Mie.v held Hie Ypre
iilicnl, the Canadians' work was es
sentially ilelViisivc. Tliey I'oimlil al
St. .Iiilicii. Si. i:i..i .. .ilh'iieke, llooue
and I'Vsiubi'il uilli total i;iimltic- of
:iil.lilill.
TURN FOR WORSE IN
XKW VOliK, Aug. K.-Tlie epi
demic of lufunllle puruMiis has taken
ft turn for the worse, despite the con
tinuation of unusual cool weather.
Iiurlng the 2 4 boms ending at 10 n.
in. today, Id:! new cases of die dis
ease and !'.! deaths were reported,
an Increase in new cases of nearly
100 per rent over yesterduy's figures.
Failure of physicians to report cases
over (be Sunday holiday was sug
gested as a reason for (he Increase.
rillice the epidemic began II. ere
have been ii,.".:!2 rases and l.till
deaths.
New Jersey's statewide (puiranliue
against the plague win put illlo ef
fect today. Special guards were
placed at all Icrminnl points to pre
vent children under lli years of iic
from 1'uteriii" the state and local re
strictions of the most stringent
chai'iii'lci were onlcrcd nt die vaii
oils con si l esotU.
SCARCITY EXISTS
IN SUPPLY OF
Employers Finding It Difficult to Se
cure Gunmen to Shoot Strikers
- Most of Class Now Employed In
Guarding Munition Plants Steei
Trust Maintains Army in Ore Fields
lly NII.KOM (lAI.'DN'i:!!.
WASllINfiTOX, Aug. !.-. A
scarcity of gunmen is becoming- an
important factor in the national
slrike situation. With more strikes
in progress than ever before in the
history of the country, employers are
rinding; il increasingly difficult to
get recruits for their ''-.pecinl si
lice" and deputy sheriff private ur
uiies.
Of late yi ais such forces are used
supposedly "lo protect property,"
bill in realily lo guard slnkelireak
ers and to arrest, shoot up and gen
erully terrorize Ihe striking workmen.
Il wus this gunman army hired ly the
Uockefcller interests and enlisted as
4iiilif iaineu that committed the Lud
low massacre in Colorado, and it was
such a force, hired by the Standard
Oil company nt ISayonne, X. J., that
kilhil twenty-seven unarmed work
ers at Hooscvelt, X. J. Likewise it
was the ounmcn of the coal operators
who, in West Virginia, committed the
outrages which were exposed in the
hearing conducted by the senate enm
millec. In that slate miners and
their wives were shut in their beds,
Ihe civil courls were suppressed and
scores of innocent workmen were
railroaded lo the penitentiary lv
military Iriliiinuls calling themselves
courts miirliiil."
Steel Trust Army.
The largest army of this sort now
under anus is that recently enlisted
by Hie United Slates steel trust to
I'iglit its men in the Ilihhing- iron
mining district, seventy miles north
of Pululh, Minn. Sheriff John K.I
Meiuiug of Dnlnlh, on orders from
(iovenior llurmiuist of Minnesota,
lias sworn iu over a thousand men
an irresponsible seini-criminal lot,
picked up among Ihe preferably un
employed of Ihe big cilics and has
turned them loose to carry nut the
purposes tor which they are lured.
riiey urc alined with carbines, revol
vers anil riot-slicks.
The government's department of
Inbor, whose agents have .just com
pleted an investigation of the llibbing
dilution, find thai the character of
the gunmen is depreciating- as the in
reusing demand presses on the de
rcasiug supply. The more reliable
miiimcn - Ilic experienced ami rcfer-
ci d men have found permanent
occupation guarding the munitions
plants. The demand for this purpose
bus been immense, resullingin an in-
reuse of gunmen's wages from to
t.'i a day. Formerly the so-called
Icleolivo agencies,'' which make a
business of supplying gunmen, paid
the men if: I ami charged the corpora
tion '). Xow the mail has to gel .f.'i.
Supply Diiiiiiished.
The supply has been diminished
aKo by the fuel that the fool-loose
and adventurous, who were willing lo
lake this kind of wink, have, in many
uses, enlisted iu ihe regular or vol
unteer army, or joined the foreign'
legions in :nioK'. Some have even:
enlisted In the revolutionary forces
"f Villa and Cnrratlu ill Mexico. j
This difficulty iu getting gunmen 1
has rcMilicd in the prompt set I lenient
of several strikes recently begun,1
-nob as ihe reel cur strikes Iu New I
York and I'liiladelphia. It is pluv-'
lug an important, (hough unofficial,
pari in die deliberations of the rail
load mauageis in making their plans ;
lo deal with the llilcatcncd slrike of.
Inn. nun railroad employes.
If times Here harder and labor and '
tinmen easier (o gel, the opcraloi i ,
feel I In-v would be lieiier able to re
sis the deniauds of iln-ir men.
When lieorge I'. West of the coin- j
millce on itolu-lrin! relations spoke.
to Sbi'tilf Mciniii" iibont die olo-ion
LABOR FIGHTERS
ZEROLENE
ihe Standard Oil or Motor Cars
ty depraved character of his gunmen,
remarking that they looked like
thugs, ihe sheriff replied cheerily
thut "there might he" thugs umoug
them, mid explained that he hud been
obliged lo lake what he could get
without any nice iiiipiirics into the
men's past histories.
fiunmen Itre-uk Strike.
These particular gunmen are now
(be stu(e government in die steel
liiisl's iron mining part of ilinne-
soia a tract embracing 100 sipiarc
miles mid ".1, 01)0 population.
The local officials. County Prose
color Greene of Dumlli, Sheriff
Meining- and the chief .of police of
I (ninth, mid Governor Burniiist, net
ing for Ihe powerful steel trust, have
not hesitated to use the gunmen aiiuy
und the slates machinei'y of goyrn
men! to break the slrike.
"Agitators" which means , any
body friendly to the workers have
heon arrested hy the wholesale
They are taken seventy miles from
Ihe scene of arrest aml'loThicd in juil
nt Dublin. Amnn; those in jail at
Dtiluth nrc Carlo Tresea, Lawrence
strike leuilci: Frank l.itlle. Sum
Scarlett, ,foe Schmidt, Joseph fiilduy
Leo Stark and others.
These men are held on a fur
fetched charge of murder, on the
silly t henry thut something they may
have said may have incited to the
killing of . a company guard who had
invaded a miner's home.
The department of labor sent two
representatives, I levies and I'airley
to offer mediation, but Ihe steel trust
is unwilling to medinic unything
looking to an eight-hour day and a
minimum wage of a day.
FIGHTS FOR LIFE
VANTOl'VKH, I!. (, An. V. -
StrnpptM to a l:ivy imn rhiiii- :iih'
liystrricnlly riilliri.ir lo be taken back
to (M)iirt, Uoc.ro Kcrraiilc, who was
onviclod on bis own pftitl'cssion nf
tlip munler last ypni- of his partner,
Dick Korea ecu, whose head Kerrante
nt ot'C and dropped down a well, was
handed at the New AVest minster
prison today. Kerninto fouiiht fran
tically niiuiust bis execution and be
fore be could be taken from the death
cell bad In be pinioned and strapped
to a chair in which the' guards car
ried him to the scaffold. lie still
sat strapped in the ebnir when the
trap was sprung. . le was pronounc
ed dead in four minutest
RUSSIAN DRIVE CONTINUES
(Continued from page on)
on the enemy trencher south of
AriuentiereH caused much commotion
In enemy linoH, or which our artillery
took full advantage.
French Take Trenches.
IP A HIS, Auk, 1 ii. Kronen troops
ruptured (lernuin trenches on a front
about "HP yards deep north of the
chapel of Saint Fine, at the intersec
tion of the Kluery ami Vaux roads
on the right hank of the Meuse In
the Verdun sector yesterday, says the
war office statement today.
On the Sommo front, the French
artillery was very active at Helloy,
Ustrees and Kihons. Elsewhere the
night was calm.
The statement says
"On the Sonime front our artillery
displayed great activity In the sectors
north ofthe river, south of Helloy and
Est rees and north of I.ihons. South
of Helloy a Cermau reconniteritir.
party was dispersed hy our rifle fire.
"North of the Alsne an enemy de
tachment, after u lively tioinhardmeut
penetrated n small salient lu our lines
northwest of Ueonlne. It was driven
out by an immediate, counter attack.
"On the right hank of the Meiise,
Verdun front, a series of minor ac
tions was carried out lirtlliantly by
our grenadiers north of tho Chapel
of Saiute Fine, enaldin us to carry
some portions of German trenches on
a front of -too yards and a depth of
aliout 1 1 0 yards. The enemy at
tempted to recapture them hy a
counter attack which was hroken up
by our curtains of fire.
"The bombardment continued with
considerable violence in the sectors of
Finery und Vaux le Cbapitre.
From
Asphalt-Base Crude
the crude endurseJ In Lieut.
Brytn,ji U.S. CJovernnient Ex
pert on motor cylinder lubrica
tion, in his sutemem betbre the
American Society of Nwl Ea
gineen. Sold hy dcalcn everywhere and
it all Servivc Suiions ul the
Standurd Oil Company
(lllihifM.l
Medford
WASIUNOTOX, Aug. JR. The
liouse today approved by a vote of 23
to 51 the senate building protjrani,
including provision for eight 'capital
ships next year. Seven representa
tives voted "present."
The house also concurred hy a viva
voc vote In the senate amendment
Increasing the navy's personnel to
7-1,0(10. ,
WASIIIN'fiTOX, An-, l.'i. Aft
two hours' debate Ihe house lodav
udnpted nil, nl' Ihe.iiavnl bill afrreed
iipun by bouse und sennle conferees
mill proceeded tn a vole on the hi:
huildiiur program and the increase ii
personnel, the only two disputed
points. Their passage was predicted
by adunuistriitinii leaders.
WASIIIN'fiTOX, Auir. !.-. A lively
right was in prospect when Ihe house
look up today lor final ncliim the
coiilciencc report on the naval ap
propriation bill carryino; upproxi-
mntely .f ;u.i,HII0,IHHI.
The principal contests ulicad were
""'i me senaic iiuiiiimi; nnil person
nel increases. These provide for
const ruction of l.',7 ships iu a three-
year program, including (our battle
ships ami four battle cruisers iu 11)17
and an enlislcd strength of 7-l.dllll.
Ihe light was expected to come
when ('hairmiiii l'adgclt of Ihe naval
committee moved that the luuise con
cur in the increases. Advocates of a
small navy were on hand to vigorous
ly oppose Mils step. II is regarded as
virtually certain, however, that Ihe
increases would be agreed lo. lieprc
sentntivc Kitihin of North Carolina,
Ihe majority leader, was on today's
list of speakers in opposition to the
adoption of . the conference .report.-
lie all along has opposed the ailinin
islration's big- army and nuvy in
creases.
WASIIIN'CTOX. Aug. l.Wf'ondi-
tional ratification yesterday hy the
Danish lower house of parliament of
the treaty providing- lor the sale of
the Danish West Indies to Ihe I'nil-
ed States has served lo luislen eon-
Milcrution of Ihe treaty in the sen
ale here. Chairman Stone l,
ailed a mccling of the foreign re
lations committee for tomorrow
morning, und be bones to reiwii-l u
oinnienilalion for its ratification
In ihe venule by tiiniorrniv niobt
IK VOC AKK A SICK WOMAN.
Can you afford to doubt such over-
whelmins evidence, ns that of the
letters constantly being published In
the dally press, showing how l.ydia
K. Plnkhanrs Vegetable Compound.
that good old-l'ashioued remedy made
from roots and herbs, restores suf
fering women to health and strength?
Thousands of women suffered just as
ou are sulTering and in letters over
their own signatures, stale they havH
been made well hy I.ydla K. l'iuk
bain's Vegetable Compound. Why
don't you try It ? Adv.
DAMAGED
GOODS lfifi
This slore U best knewn
FOR IT S HIGH GRADE JEWELRY
FOR IT'S RELIABLE TIME PIECES
FOR IT'S DEPENDABLE REPAIR
WORK
Hut here, silver tableware is of
iuil importance and we invite Your
in-HM-tion of a stock that i both
varied and complete.
Martin J. Reddy
Tlip Jeweler.
House of Quality.
12 East Main Street, Medford
Visitors Always Welnuue-
Falitna
sensible
Because it contains all the
richness and luxury of the
finest Turkish tobaccos and
the substantial smoking qual
ities of the best Virginia.
Because-r it is rich enough,
but not too rich, full-bodied,
satisfying and yet mild
Bec&use it is put up in an
inexpensive package, so that
the value goes where it
should be in the cigarette
1 -JBll a sensible
"VALUES TELL"
L
ON ALL ODDS AND ENDS
All Broken Lines in
nials and Oxfords
Knife in This
To date we h.ivc sold a i;ooilv huihIhm' of
pairs ol' tlicsc hin'o-ains, every pair a real
value. We do .just as we advertise, so don't
delay. We have added another lot of low
shoes to elean up at L-."), values up to !i4.r0. f
Also a lot of Oxfords for Men, Outing Shoes
for Youths and Hoys at very low priees. We
still have a fair assortment of Low Shoes at
oiily .!.!).- it pair.
At the
Sign of
M "GOOD SHOES" BUILT OUR BUSINESS.
rV a i
cigarette
CUTTING THE PRICE
IN HALF
Women's Pumps, Colo
must Go Under the
Clean-Up Sale
SEE OUR WINDOWS.
SclrcdtttJl North
""'oo Shoes" entral Av6'