Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989, February 12, 1914, SECOND EDITION, Image 1

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

    "CHMIM HlM.-H,M (,MB,
207 Second Street
Medtord Mail Tribune
SECOND
EDITION
WEATHER
Itnln tniijght nnl Friday
.Mat. n.1; Mill. 11.1.
1
rnrty-thlnl Tmr
Dolly -Klulidi Tut
F
Genuine Mining Activity nt Famous
Sterlliin Placer Mine In Anplegalo
Section Power and Pumplnu Plant
Installed to Hoist Water to Level.
Ileal, genuine mining ni'tlvily, like
it huh fifteen nml twenty year ago,
will noun lm n predominating feature
in lint vieiuity of (lm Sterling mlitn
ulmii the Hullirt eouipniiy ahull have
eoiuuiciiced tin) nctuiil work of tear
ing down mill windilng ttwny tlic huge
hunk ul' pttieer ground.
Tin HiiIIU pcopln luivu hint it gront
niiiiilii'r (if iiIVii ul work on the Hter
I imk pruptuty fur evernl month, mid
n hi ! there l till much lo do, they
i'hii mo it good piopeet in night for
t lie hi'IumI mining of real gold within
tin next few iiiontliH,
Tim Sterling property embrace
M'WthI IhoiHtuul nrri'H of html hihI
enver h ilwtHiii'H of fully mix mile
hIouk Him ereek bed nml olil rrrik
i'IimiiiikIm. Of lliin nerenge, lean tlimi
Imlf of it Iihm been worked over.
Mining oponttioiiH with m(iM'I on
thin mine u few your nno when n
I tt tin t wit reached above which tlm
ground vun found to ho too hiitli to
uuh Willi water from llu old Ster
ling ditch, which hud formerly been
llcd.
I'iiiiilntt W'nlcr up
Tim lliilli company htm dovim-d n
mean whereby tlm witter from thift
nwtio diteh may he utilized to work
till of the liinnv hiindri'd iiercn of tin
woiked ground. To inert litis enter
genoy tlm Hull! company is now In
Mulling it gijniitiii electric power mid
pumping plant nt it Vi'int where the
wntor front the diteh flown into the
worked-ovor ctiHitttel. Here n large
Henry witter wheel i being put in,
mid by thl u large, elect lie motor
will he oporwtcd hihI tlm iniwit gen
united liv lhi elect no motor ih to
he lined in opflHtnig u In me Worth
inglnu tnrhine immn which will pump
wnlcr into two giant. ""'I "l,n
thcun the golddienring bank will he
wnaheil down, Onlv n miiiiII part of
the witter from the diteh will he re
quired to fuiiiUh power, lluw giving
the grimier volume of wnler for net
iinl ground vvtitdiiug.
Ten (iiiiuiiN of I'Ih
Some iih'it n lo the hi;r.e of thin
pump limy he hnd when it in Muted
Hint it wtdttlit "(I.IKlll pound mid thnt
it re(iiired two large (motion en
gine mid. ten diiyn' lime to liiuil it
from Jnckonvillo to the mine, it din
tmice of ten milcM,
Ten imiiIoiuIh of henvy sheet tdecl
pipe have heen ordeieil for libit nt
the mine, iind thee it ro now nriiving
mid the pipe in being limilcd to the
mine with four foiir-borm) temiiH.
(Inn thoiiHitnd feet of thin pipe in
fivn-Mixtoi'titliK of mi inch thick mid
livcted. Thin pipe in front ltf to UO
ineliCH in diiiinnter, mid n HO-fool
length wclglm IL'lll) pound. Over
.'lllllll feet in nil of this pipe in hciii:
put in.
The 27 inilert of ditch lum Iff"
oveihniiled, entlro new I'litiiiin hnv
inj: heen put in nl nil place where
flimu'H me rriiilri'd. To do this
work econoinlimlly tlm Hnlliit com
puny hiHt Htnniner put in hhwiiiIU
nt Iho head of Iho dilch for tlm Hole
pnrpomi of HiixvittK fluiim lumber. The
hitwinill Iiiih now boon moved to the
mine, where it will lm iikciI in KVt'iiiK
out lumlioi' for ImililliiKA and niiuu
timheiD.
TJiti lniKO luinlc upon which tin)
(Continued on pnga ,)
IN HANDS OF FINDS
NBW OltldOAKS, La., 1-Vb. 1'J.
l'rcHideiit IJucrtaV icHinniitiou in in
Iho IiiiiiiIh of IdH eloi-o pui-rionitl
friend, Aiuolinno Meijjurojo who nr
rived liiiie yehtciilay on tlm federal
Kiinbniit .ariiKOHii. rlKiirtji ud
milted us much today. The roHipm
llou will only hccimio effeetlvc, how
ever, lm lidded, if I'raiiclhco do lit
Ilunn, now 'Alu.xlean iiiiniHim in
TaviH, Will accept Iho preHiilenoy.
Mclpirejo hiiIiI ho won on bin way lo
I'iiiIh In prpHi'iil llm piojioHlliou to
Mm,
WORLD'SLARGEST SELLING SMALL
PLACER SOON IN IK LAND ON
OLl OPERATION
MOUNTAIN TOP
New Land Swindle Bclnjf Worked.
Woitliless Brush Land Cut Into
Tcn-Acrn Tracts, Morluaijccl and
Mortiiaijcs Sold to Innocents.
The i1iiinii of it coinpiirntivcly
worthlcHH piece of mountain land
into tcii-iicm Irnclw, the uppnreut
hitlu of each true!, the mrtKHK'"K
to jjivc the Imiil a ficlilioiH value,
mid tint Hutu or trmle of the nun t-
U'kkih iw vahiHble eoimiileratioui,
evidently contitttle a new HehcMie
for dcfrnuiliiiK tin public, broiiKht to
li;lit by le(ten of impiiry to the
C'ommcreial cluli.
The Imiil in iUelinn h in Mccliou
'J, toMihii :itl, rmipi 'J cunt, about
ten mild due cunt of ltrowuxhoro.
It in hruxliy, rocky, mountain laud.
The rii'iinU kIiow that it wan patent
ed by .lulili A. Troeb, who deeded it
to (Icorije K. Quiijule, who deeded it
to .lame It. I Illicit of I'oitlaud for
uoiuiual coiiiderntiou.
Iluilil deeded tlm land to ClmrlcH
JoueH in November, KM'.', at n valu
ation of 80U0. .lones nvo t-iht
niortniiKcM upon ten acre trncU of
the land for W(I to .fXin on each
tea nctoM to Mnilil, mid itftcrwardH
deeded tlm Ulld hnck to Illicit.
Three of (he inoilKiiKeH on three ten
acre true In him) been diipoiod of,
uenordmi; to the rccordi.
Counlv AKiKor (Irtevc HityM con-
norniiiK the preperty: "Thin land in
Incut oil in the mountain on halt
iircok, u branch of Little ltutto rreok
ami in very ioiikIi and rocky. It in
iiMHiwui'd nt $10 mi aero, every cent
it i worth. I believe tlm jmrtie
could be proheeiiled under the blue
kv law, in they cut 120 norw of
tbiit kind of luud into mnnll Irartx,
which will probably never return nny
imeniio."
The matter hn been turned over
to l)i-lnel Attorney Kelly.
DEATH SPECIAL
TO
DKNVMt, Colo., lVb. 12. How he
went nlionl tbo work of hreakinj;
mine mid railroad HtrikcH was told to.
day hy A. ('. IVUh, Colorado inaniiKer
for tlm Haiti win- Felts Detective
au'ency, before tint cniiLTcstdnuul com
mitten ensured in iuisti;ntiii; the
coal mum war bet worn cmploycrx mid
employes in the southern part of the
state.
That firearms were lined freely he
did not try to deny, hut in all tlm en
CUKcmcutH ho mentioned ho Hiild tlm
HtiikciH were the aKresHiirfl, his men
noting on tlm defensive. In the "bat
tle of Liullow," iik ho referred lo it,
when n force of dcputioH attempted a
run in an armored train to tlm htiik
on' camp at Ludlow, IiJh forces wero
oven repulsed. A thousand idiots
wero fired, lie said, on ouch side.
Ho assorted, too, that several of
his men were individually attacked
and churned that a "unionist, at the
indication of union nr;iiiiUurH," as
sassiuated Dutcntivo Joseph Holohor.
PLAN TlTrEORGANIZE
IMPROVE KEY ROUTE
OAKLAND, Cnl Fob. 12. OoorRo
C. Mooro, now owitor or tlto Koy
Itouto syBtom la itoKutlutlm; In Lon
don for n limn of flK.OOO.OOO with
which to rolmbllltitto and extern! tlto
Koy Itouto lino. This la In mhlltloii
to tliu J'J 0,000,000 for which ho lias
boo nuKotlntliiK to buy tip outstnuJ
I UK lioiula. AnunuiiL'oinuiit to this
offoct was mtulo hoio today by A. W.
MuLlont, luouliloiit anil uouonvl inituu
Kor ot tlio comimny,
"In addition to tlio gonornl Im
provement of tlio lino," isnlil Mold
mont, iri'uhlout ami uoiionil iuiiiiuhvi'
of the couuiuny.
USED
BREAK
VAROUS
STRIKES
MISDFOKD.
TELLS
Asserts Gore Attacked Her When
She Scuijlit to Get Job (or Hus
band Senator Alleges He Is Vlc
time of Frame-up.
OKLAHOMA CITY, Okln., IVb. 12.
Sworn dutuils of tliu assault Mm
alleges mIio Niiffered at the hands of
Thoiuns l. (lore, ()kliihoina'rt blind
scuiitor, wero niveii from the witness
stand here today hy .Mrs. Minnie K.
Ilmul. Senator (lore mid his wife
listened iiituutly as Mrs. Ilmul testi
fied. Mrs. Mmid is suiii" Senator (lore
for ..MI1()00, allcuiK' defmuiitiom of
character. She declared (lore as
saulted her on March 21 last in a
room in tlm Winston hotel at Wash
ington, rented by former Democratic
Committeeman dames Jacobs. She
told of meetintr (lore in WOtf nml de
scribed their political in'tpialutnucc.
Herrllii liilrrxlcw
The witness said Mm saw Senator
(lore first in his offieo repining a
federal apoinlmcnt for her husband.
Tlm next Interview, she said, wax nt
the Winston hotel, after she had do
olined to visit Senator (lore's office
aptiu.
At the hiiKKestion of Jacobs, Mrs.
Mom! said sho took Senator (lore to
Jacobs' room. Shu said during their
interview Unto inquired rejnrdiiiK
her ue.
"Ditrint; our talk," snid Mrs. llond,
"(lore sat in a rocker. 1 sat on the
bed. The telephone rang mid I ans
wered it. When I returned I found
(lore had moved near the bed.
"As I sat down he attempted to
fondle my hands. I told the senator
that I was not the kind of woman
he had heen accustomed to nssoeiat
iiiK with and that if he had no re
spect for mo lm oti;lit to respect his
wife and children, (lore then liepjjed
my pardon ami said ho could not
have my husband appointed to any
federal position.
AIIckc .Wattlt
"As I started bv In1 tried to pull
me into bis lap. 1 remonstrated and
threatened lo call the police. Then
he attempted t assault me.
"My lassos wero broken In Hit
id mettle. Then Mr. Kobertsou enter
ed tlm room. I was crying and
sorenmiuj;. ltobertson told me to go
to the bathroom, (lore followed me
there and tried to got me lo innko
a statement that nothing had hap
pened." Mrs. llond identified broken lenses
which sho said were broken in her
slrugKlo with (lore, (lore showed no
emotion throughout the woman's tes
timony. Alleges a l'lot
Mrs. llond was cross-examined by
Nomina I'ruitt.- Ho attempted to dis
credit the woman's statement thnt she
could not escape (lore when he tried
to scire her. Mrs. llond flatly de
nied tliiit Mm rose when (lore at
tempted to leavo tlm luoin and caught
hold of him.
"Vou seUed him and then ltobcrt
soii broke in? I believe that is cor
rect, isn't itf" nuked Attorney I'ruitt
of Mrs. llond,
"It most certainly is not," was the
answer.
The ltobertson mentioned in the
ease is Thaddoua Koborison, a local
attorney, ono of tlio men tlio dofenso
alleges plotted to destroy (lore.
Senator Qoro cross examined Mrs.
llond personally, Sho admitted situ
married Alvln Farror In 1903, giving
birth to n child four months lator.
Tlio croBa examination developed
that Fnrrnr had another wlfo living,
and that n aocond coromony wob por
formod after Karrar socurod n di
vorce. Mra. llond was then excused.
E
FOR LIBRARY FIRE
HlllMINailAM, Kngluud, Feb. 12.
- Suffragettes wero believed respon
ulliln I'm- n fire which destroyed to
day 111" Carnegie library at North
field, Worcestershire, six miles soulli
of Hlnnliighitui. All the bonks wero
burned.
WOMAN
ASSAULT By
N NA
OREGON, TJlTHSDAY,
THOMAS H. TAGGART, DEMOCRATIC BOSS IN
INDIANA, WOULD SIT IN THE SENATE
"
Tlio photogrn)her caught Thomas
If. Tnpgard, democrit'ie bos in In
diana, in n striking jsisc. Mr. Tag-
gart is a candidate for the I'm ted
States sennte. Th.tt h, lis mime
FIERCE RIOTS STILL
JAPANESE TAXES
TOKIO, Feb. 12. Wjth fierce
riotB Mill in progre-s hero and else
where throughout Jopnt ncrtint the
present eruMiint: tnscs pnrliamcut
passed today a budget providing for
extensive naval expansion nt a ooM
of i?G2,000,000 to be expended in the
course of the next five years.
Parliament houo whs under a
heavy military guard while the law
makers worked mid the latter emo
and went with streng-anned escorts.
Many believed jmsMigo of such a
budget at this time was ill-advised.,
but tlto government win. determined
not to give up its program.
This was the third dav that di
tiers hnvo been iroini; on nnd the
authorities wire straining every
nerve in the effort to suppress them.
PLAN BOYS AND GIRLS
SAI.KM, Ore. Feb. 12. A nn
tloual boys mid plrls Indtintrlal con
gress to be held nt Snu Francisco next
year Is tbo project launched hero to
day by State School Superintendent
J, A. Church, who Is sendlnt; lettera
to the departments of education In
nil the state thnt havo organized boys
nnd girls Industrial clubs, urging
that their club winners be sent for n
week of sightseeing nt tlio Tanaum
Pacific exposition, during tlio same
week Hint Oregon will send Its ten
club winners.
Ten ot tbo boys and girls winning
tbo capital prises In tlio Hoys and
Olrls Industrial club contest aro '.o
bo sont from this stnto to tho big ex
position nt stnto oxpenso, ami Super
intendent Churchill bopoa to ir
range for other states to do llkowlso.
PRINCE OF WALES
TO
F,
LONDON, Feb. 12. The 1'rlnco ot
Wales will visit the United States in
1915 nnd probably will tako In the
l'nnama Pacific, exposition, according
to announcement hero today. A tour
or tho Drltlsb omplro will bo mado
also by his njesty during that year.
LONDON, Feb. 12, What looks
like another "ritual murder ' cneo
was reported by tho Central Nows to
day In a iloupatiii (rout St. l'oton
burg tolling ot tlio arrest near Klotf
of a Jowlsh tailor untucil l'nsuoff on
n ohargo of killing n boy of tho miuta
o( TurnnthQvltch, a Christian. Local
Jews nt ouco Interested thomsolvo?,
tolegraphlug for full'lnformntlon to
correspondents of tltolr own race
near tho scuuo of tho allugad crliuo,
PROGRESS
OVER
FJ3HRITATIY 12, 19J1.
will be placed before the democratic
state convention nt Indianapolis, on
Mnrch 10. Tnggnrt mut fight Sen
ator H. F. Shively, who has won nn
importunt place in the I'liited States
i senate in the tune he hits been there,
.GUNMEN RAID
CAFE IN
NEW
YORK CITY
NEW YORK. Feb. 12. Knit Side,
gunmen early today held up a crowd
ed restaurant and roblftd. .Its. .pa
trons of cash and Jewelry represent
ing more than J-1000. Ono diner was
fatally stabbed. Afterward thrco of
tho outlaws wero captured but not
much of the loot was recovered. The
police wero ransacking tho l'ast Side
for It and tho rest ot tho gang to
day. Thcro wero seven of tho robbers.
The restaurant, known as tho "Trip
oli," Is popular with a good class of
trade. Tho usual midnight throng
filled It nt the tlmo of tho hold-up.
Among them wero Antony Celontnno
nnd bis wlfo. Cclentano was hated
by tho Fast Side gangsters for bar
ing recently shot a gunman to death
In Chinatown.
Tho robbers entered unostenta
tiously like ordinary customers,
ranged themselves nround tho walls
so as to command tho ontlro room,
suddenly drew revolvers nnd called on
tho diners to hold up their bands.
Then ono of them walked deliber
ately up to Cclentano nnd without A
word repeatedly plunged a knlfo Into
his abdomen, inflicting frightful
wounds from which tho doctors said
It was Impossible for him to recover.
This business completed, tho out
laws mado the rounds of tho tablo3.
robbing cveryono In tbo place, in
cluding Raymond I'arretto, proprietor
of tho restaurant, who lost tho con
tents of his cash register.
Tho bandits fled just ns Policemen
Callahan. O'Oormnn and Carlln ar
rived. The bluecoats gavo chaso
nnd, following the gangstors into tbo
Uowory, ovortook nnd captured thrco,
who gnro their nnes as Astonlo
Santtul, Silvia Tagllagatnba nnd Leo
llnllnngn, Snnttnt was Identified as
tho man who stabbed Cclentano.
JAPANESE EXAMINE
MEXICO CITY, Feb. 12. To sat
isfy Japanese dealers in military
supplies that President lluerta can
pay for cannon, rifles nnd ammuni
tion, which ho orders, I). Mori, a
Jupancso official, was investigating
tho government's financial condition
today, lluerta showed him tho
trensury department's books nnd rec
ords. SMALL WARSHIP COULD
PASS PANAMA CANAL
PANAMA, Feb. 12. Colonol
(leorgo (Joothals Bald today that ho
could pass a small warship through
tho cnual at ouco If It should become
necessary to send aid to foreigners at
Ksmoraldns, Kcudaor, whoro fighting
was reported botwoeu government
troops and rebels,
CROWDED
BOLUS PLANS
EXTEND TROLLEY
SEVERAL MILES
Company's Intention to Construct
Two cr Three Miles of Track This
Spring, Though Location Is Kept
Secret New Trolley Car on Way.
The Southern Oregon Trnntion
company is exjteetiii'.' their new
street car will arrive the first of
next month, it hnvintr nlrcadv been
MiipK'd from St. Iinls. This ear
was ordered made at the St. Louis
ear slums the first of last August
mid delivery was promised not Inter
than November 10.
The wood mlcs to support the
overheud trolley wires have been set
front the fire limits eat to the end
of the line. The steel oles which
nre to be set for use inide the fire
limits have not yet nrrived, but they,
too, are expeeted the first of next
week. They were shipped from
Pennsylvania several weeks ago.
When these imjIcs arrive a force of
men will be nt once put to work set
ting them, and it will be but a few
days until car service is established.
When work is again resumed it is
not expeeted there will be any inter
ruption until a considerable more
track is laid. If is the intention of
the company to put down from two
to three miles of street or intemr
Imn road this spring. As to what
streets the line will be extended on
the Messrs. Unllis do not give out.
Representatives of the company
stnto positively that this amount of
lino will be laid this spring, bnt
"wo may go north or south on Cen
tral avenue, or we may decide to go
west toward Jack-on ville," sa:l a
member of the company.
VILLA REPORTED
TO BE AMERICAN
CITIEN IN DISGUISE
EL PASO. Texas, Fob. 12. If Gen
oral Villa really Is an American, cs
was asserted on W. A. Waynes' and
Fred Scott's authority. In despatches
from San Francisco, It was sold hero
today that he has made himself over
Into a marvellously accurate imitation
ot a Mexican.
Tho story was that tho Mexican
commander was a native ot Maryland,
joined troop I), Tenth United States
Cavalry there, whon Hayncs and Scott
wero members ot It, Immediately be
came first sergeant on the strength
ot previous military experience, loft
tho sorvlco and crossed into Mexico
In 1SS2 on account ot somo troublo
at Fort Davis, Texas, entered tha
army, rose to a major's rank and
later became a bandit and then a
revolutionist. Ills name was give.i
as George Goldsby, though It was said
ho went In tho Moxlcan federal army
by that of Itonstozt.
It tho account had rested solely on
tho testimony of Haynes, It would
hnvo been gonoratly believed horo
that a mistake hnd been made, since
he only professed to havo recognized
his old acquaintance's picture, but
Scott said bo had seen and talked
with him.
An effort was being made here to
day to get In touch with Villa to
loam what ho had to say ot tho
story.
T
CHILI CAUSES DEAIH
SANTIAGO. Chile, Fob. 12 That
llioro was heavy loss of llfo at Ksmor-
'aldas, Ecuador, as a result ot tho
city's bontbardmont by government
troops was reported bore today. Tho
story that It had boon rocapturod
from the rebels had not boon con
firmed aud doubt was felt concerning
Its accuracy, since It canto from gov
or")uc:it sources. Tho town hag a
cousldorablo foreign population, In
cluding a good sized Chilean colony,
aud much anxiety was felt concerning
Its tyfely.
NO. 277
mm m
TRAIN
0
Largest Crowd of Entire Trip Sees
Southern Pacific-Oregon Agricul
tural College Hog and Dairy Spe
cie!, View Exhibits, Hear Lectures.
Greeted by an attendance of 5000
people, the Southern Paclflc-O. A. C.
farm demonstration train reached
Med ford this morning. Tho largc.it
crowd of tho tour was present to
bear tho lectures nnd view tho
exhibits In this city, and far
mers and orchardlsts predominated.
The schools of tho city wero dis
missed to allow tbo students to in
spect the train. Eighty pupils of tlio
Jacksonville school attended, coming
on a special train from tho county
scat. Tho train has been Tlsltod by
an average of 4000 dally. The train
left for the north at 1;30.
Hog Advice (ilven
Tho regular program was followed
and each phaso of tho work was glvon
close attention by all present. Fol
lowing Inspection of tho exhibit car
attention was given, the hog dem
onstration. The hogs had been
bought In Portland In tbo geneVfl
market Just beforo leaving thcro and
were typical of tho class chosen and
were treated as types of market borfs
rather than as high bred onca. In
struction In the Reed and bad points
ot the hog was given, as well as pick
ing out the points of tho ones on ex
hibition. The fundamentals of Intel
ligent hog buying were demonstrated,
showing tho audience bow to pick
good types and tho points to breed
for. General advlco on tho condi
tion and ago for salo wag also given.
Tho best typo for market purposes,
It was pointed out, was tho well
formed hog ot a weight from 17S
pounds to 200 pounds. Heavier hogs
bring less per pound in tho markjt
for tho reason that the 200-pound
hog has less waste In proportion o
wolght, and for all practical purposes
the cuts and parts aro of a moro
salable size.
Iliilliling up Dairy Herd
It. It. Graves, professor ot dairy
husbandry, pointed out the essentials
In building up a dairy herd, tho flrU
points of a cow to bo considered In
choosing, and tho meaning ot tho
development ot tho body. Four good
dairy cows are carried on the train
for demonstrating good points, nnd
with thso nearly perfect types tho
points mado wero easily followed.
Two examples of tho Ayreshlro wero
show, being registered animals with
extraordinary butter-fat records. A
type ot American Jersey, from tho
herd of E. Carey, and a Holstein wero
nlso shown. Tho general points
noted In dairy types were picked out
In theso cows to bear out tho Idea.
In general, It was demonstrated, tho
muzzle should bo broad, there should
bo a deep chest, giving plonty ot
room for heart and lungB, denoting a
stablo constitution, and tho back
lines should be nearly straight. Thero
should be a largo barrel, giving a
good capacity for food. Tho dairy
(Continued on Page 0)
T
OF YEAR PREVAILS
NEW YORK, Feb. 12. The coldest
weather of tho whiter prevailed along
tho Atlantic coast today. From
North Carolina to Malno tho tompera
tttro rangod from. a fow dogrees abovo
zero to twenty bolow.
Hero tho mercury touched two be
low and suffering among tho poof
was intense A thirty-stx mile gale
added to tho discomfort. All munici
pal lodging houses wero packed last
night and today,
Mrs. Barbara Walsh of Paterson,
N, J., collapsed from tho cold on tha
stroota there. Sho dlod before phy
sicians arrived,
Syracuse was one of the eoldett
spots In the country today, the ther
mometer there touching 30 Mw
zero. The weather bureau prdtoi4
the cold wave would continue
row,
COLDES
WEATHER
ALONG
ATM
"
c-.