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Irrigation
by Electric
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Data Compiled by the California-Oregon Power Company
Wa Wy iwi 4
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Owing to tho climatic uoiutilions. nn
aYtificlnl means of npplyrnffttwater to
growing crops is osstnliht tjo the' highest
agricultural development in practically
every section of the west. Under can-fid
application irrigation has thus brought
forth results on western lands unsurpass
ed iu the world.
Irrigation by pumping with electricity
offers more advantages tlinii nny other
system of irrigation It has been thorough
ly tried and proveh successful in every in
slahcc. In many district's where ditch wa
ter is available pumping plants are being
installed beeause of the convenience and
ivliajnlity 'of electric irrigation. Wherever
electric power 1s available for pumping
the general prosperity of tho irrigators is
high and crop failures are unknown.
First cost Tor eaeh aero put lindor irri
gation is, on most laud, cheaper than liny-,
ing dileh rights Tho plant can be located
to deliver water at the most favorable
point, thus reducing in many instances
cost of checklrig and ditching. Tho ex
pense of sinking wells is not. great, while
the pits and buildings required arc simple
in construction.. The pumping and elec
trical equipment is of the simplest and
most reliable.
Cost of operation will compare favor
ably with any other method of pumping.
Xo attendant is required. The water is
delivered at the time it Is wanted, avoid
ing long waits, as is sometimes necessary
with ditch- irrigation. The quantity of
water can easily be regulated by the irri
gator. The typo of. pumping plant most gen
erally installed is a centrifugal pump
belted to an electric motor and set in a
pit near tho water level. Centrifugal
pumps are built in two styles, vertical and
horizontal, each meeting certain condi
tions. A good centrifugal pump will draw
water as far as a plunger pump, or about
2 feet. However, it will operate with
much less power when set near the water
level. For this reason pits are usually dug
with tho floor at or near the level or the
water in tho well or stream, when the
pump is not running.
TABLE SHOWING SIZE AND CAPACITY
AMOUNT OF WATER PUMPED
Rlie of
rump
.Suction and
DIscharKH.
No. Acred
will cover 1
In. deep
Very liour.
Gallon
IKT
ininutv.
Number
of i1Inr
Indtfeii.
1
2
'2t.
3
ai
4
ft
(I
i
8
10
20
f)0
100.
iro
225
.100
100
700
!)00
1200
1000
3000
1.78
' -lift
1,0
13.4
35.7
&
80.
1Q7
143
2(18
.04
.1
o
C
.0
.0
1.5
o -
2.0
3.5
O.fl
Other lifts in proportion.
.,
On account of friction losses in small sized pumps, it- is not advisable to uso
smaller than a Olio Horse Power Motor in the smuller installations even if the
amount of power should figpro less than one horse po'wcr. In any event the nearest
couuiiierqia) size, of motor is tho one to use. For example: A four-ineh pump, ten
fool, lift, should bo ten times .2 or 2 horso power; a three inch pump, thirty foot
lifti.VJMibl lJu thirty times 10 or 4.8 horso power 5 horse power would bo jiearest
qonuncri'iid swe,
The base or bedplate of tho puuip and
motor should be hold firmly to the floor
by holts imbedded in tho concrete or tim
ber foundation. In digging the pit enough
room should he allowed to permit easy ac
cess fo every part or the pump and motor.
A substantial stairway or ladder should,
lend down iu the pit from the ground level.
An clectrii light should be hung in the
pit and low enough to light every part of
the pump nnd.uiotni. A beam carried liy
studding in the house frame, should bo
over tltt pit. This should be strong
enough, and carried by studding equally
strong, that a pulley and rope may be
used for lifting out pipe, valves and parts
of the pump that may need inspection anil
repairs. The pump is primed by connecting'
a small pitcher or suction pump to the top
of the pump ease or suuetinu elbow. Its
connection and method or opor.it inn de
pends on the use (if a Toot cheek vnlve
for keeping tho pump full of water whon
not running.
A centrifugal pump consists of a rap
idly revolving runner or wheel turning
inside n casing. Tho water is led into the
vanes, corresponding to the spokes, at the
huh and is thrown outward by centrifugal
force. The runner has no rim or tire and
tho water is thrown into the collection
chamber cast in the casting, and surround
ing tho runner. From here it is carried
iu suitable piping to the point of use. It
is .self-evident that the faster the runner
revolves, the greater the force with which
the water leaves the pump. Likewise, tho
smoother tho sides of the water passages
and tho fewer turns made in passing
through the pump, the less power will be
taken up by friction.
Proper sizes of runner hnd casing and
correct shape of the vanes have every
thing to do with tho efficiency or amount
of power required. The best way to be
sure of getting an efficient pump is to buy
of n reputable firm which has had long
experience in building pumping machin
ery. Their designers are, or should be,
familiar with the proper relation of run
ner and casing that givis tho best results'.
Four general methods of irrigating' are
in use. For sowed grains, meadows anil
OP CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND
IN FOUR MONTHS
,vr
w i i
No. Aero
1'ump will
covor 1! In.
runnlnu- 1
8r lr
itay for ISO
dffyu.
Home
Tower
rmrml
for I PL
lire.
Hbrnfl
vawfT
rtqutr-il
for -PI.
Ilfl.
9.0
2G
53
7D
117
1S
210
370-
lW
- 021
(
850
1580
.012
.020
.05
.070
.114
.10
.2
. .31
.100
Wot,
I
o
3
4
5
1
10
15
25
30
-10
75
1,52
""..
$WfV
"!
pastures, water is supplied by flooding,
water flowing from.one ditch to the next.
Laud usually needs to lie corofully gfruted
iT it is to he irrigatud by flooding. '
For crops planted iu rows anil for orch
ards irrigation by furrows is neutrally
preferred.
Instead of either of tho above methods,
tin! ground is sometimes hiid out In frds
which are banked around the sides and
flhndod.
A fourth method, which has for its
Vbjeet, the redut'tioii of evaporation
losses, is by underground pipes of open
seam, perforated or tile construction.
Water escapes to the ground from the
openings iu the pipes.
Sub-irrigation moot with (ho follow
ing difficulties:
Hoss of water downward through loose
gravelly sob-soils.
Failure of water to penetrate lateral
ly for any distance through the, majority
of soils.
Stoppage of openings by masses of
stones, rootlets, etc.
It is advisable to construct reservoirs
whenever possible as a small pump can
be used to fill the reservoir and the tract
to be irrigated flooded in a short time. A
reservoir 101 feet square and four foot
deep will hold enough water to rover 12
acres 'one inch deep. 'Another argument
for using a reservoir is thnt the, water U
raised in temperature and warm water is
better for growing crops than cold water
direct from a well or stream.
Distributing ditches or laterals with
raised banks are usually placed about 10
or 20 rods apart, distance varying with
the soil and the slope and being such that
water will flow from one to another with
out too great a variation in the amount or
water taken up by the two sides of thi
tract. In laterals a Tall of about one inch
to the 100 feet is good practice. For
rapid irrigation the ditches should at all
times be capable of holding water to at
least four inches above Hip llvol oT I It.
field..
Truck Gardening
IScforc setting plants the ground
should be thoroughly wet. 'It is of id
vantage to irrigate immediately after ap
plying chemical fertilizers rich iu nitro-
gen, as an abundance of water romoves
danger of injury to tho plants from tho
concentrated fertilizer, also dissolving
and distributing the plant food.
It would often be impossible to s-jt
plants within a week or more of the de
sired time if it were necessary to wait for
rain to moisten the ground. Furthermore
not only at the time of transplanting, but
also during the period of growth crops
aro rotarded and withered by lack of
rain. In intensive gardening, where prices
are regulated by the time when crops
should bo placed on the market, time
saved by application of water when it is
uiuided will show handsome profits :or
the gardener who has provided nn effi
cient and dependable irrigation system.
nFrpni the above it will be seen that
, the' motive power for irrigation pumping
HluhiM be dependable and available ex
actly when wanted. The apparatus should
alko''rcqiiiro a minimum amount of ')
pair' and attention while operating, for
irrigation is usually done at u time when
the gardener can least afford to detail a
man to attend to the pumps. Krom tlit'.n
considerations an cluotrio motor is lluj
Idi'al po(ver.
The California Oregon Power eompauv
supplying eurivnt to tho territory between
firants Pass and Ashland, is making "spec
ial Inducements to users of electric power
for irrigation. A rate of 125 per horse
power for the irrigation season not' to
exceed six months is being offered, which
is only 5!l mills per hour for 42)10 hours
and is a cheaper rate por hours uso than
any other form or power offbrinl.'
A number of pumping plants are being
installed, especially In tho territory be
tween (Sold Hill and (.Smuts Pass, where
an unlimited supply of water can ho
pumped from Nogue llivcr.
The com puny has supplied the follow
ing instructions for Installing pumps and
tobies of amount of water pumped t
Important Requirements to bo Compiled
With When Installing and Starling
Centrifugal Pumps.
Place your pump on a proper founda
tion, line it up thoroughly so that the
shaft runs perfectly free without binding.
Do not support the suction piping and dis
charge piping on the pump alone as it is
liable to spring the base and other parts
of the pump, thereby causing binding and
unsuccessful operation.
Make the distance between the driving
pullby and flic center of the pump suffi
cient so that It may lint be necessary to
tighten the belt to excess. Fifteen feet
belt centers ure rather little, 25 feet belt
centers are about ideal and will allow full
development of rated power of motor ami
reduce friction to a minimum.
If short holt centers must he used
owing to lack of space increase the width
of belt and weight of belt to minimize ab
normal friction as much as possible, in
crease width of pulleys to lake the wider
and heavier bell, avoid short belt centers
iT possible.
v Iu pauking the stuffing box who Stan
dard I lump Packing thoroughly soaked in
oil and iu winding it around thovshnft
place it so that when the pump shaft re
volves the packing will unwind, or iu oth
or words, tin opposite direction that shaft
revolves, shake out the hemp packing and
re-braid softly and firmly, but not loo
firm before packing.
Under all conditions always place a
ohook-vrtlvo on discharge end of pump.
The valve not only excludes air hut pro
tccts the pump shell from water hammer,
i. c, water rushing back in case of sud
den stoppage which may occur, or when
INFORMATION CARD.
Any one desiring estimalu qf (josU o,n proposed irrigation plant will receive
prompt reply by filling out tho following form mid mailing to California Oregon
Power Company, Mcdl'ord, Oregon. ,.
" .i . - , i
Number of acres desired to irrigate , , ,
Total lift in tcct froln water level of well
irrigate ,
Number of feel of pipe required
Number of led of ditch or flume required '. . ,
" i
Water supply (well or stream) and naiueof slrcnni
Signed '...'..'.
P. O. Address ,,",",;
Location Seel ion , . , , ,
Township ,
Ilaugo . , i , ) ..,,...
'slintltiig down when through, operating,
the valve will thko the blow thus protect
ing the point) ""I ''" lfliiino"tu' I ho
form oT cracking, otherwise life opWnttu'
must abide by lift own acohleut. Intake
and discharge pipes should be of niiiplc
she and have as JVw cjbows as possible.
Kctrn elbows ninlcV Tricllnii wliieh may in
terfero seriously wllh Ihe efficiency or the
pump. ,
Ninety-hind times out of a hundred
whPU a pump does nn! raise water, it is
liecmprt It fo not M)p(tfly pilmcd. op there
is a leak in the suction pipe in joints or
through the packing. A pump, In order
'to prime, must be completely filled with
water iu all parts, meaning for multiple
stage pumps that all the stngot should he
emptiud of air, cocks or valves lntH pin
vtdnd for suiili purposes. ,
Never run your pump dry as lids will
invariably luuiw some of tho closer fits
to seizt. As' said before, he sure that yohr
pump is thoroughly primed, that the air
has been exhausted from all parts of the
same otherwise it will not give tho full
capacity and is liable lo cause balancing
troubles.
It Is needless to say thai the hearings
must he provided with ol or grease, as
the case may he. If an oil cup is emptied
at too fast a rate, due to vacuum, adjust
'the samo by reducing the area through
which the oil must pass. This refers 'also
to grease cups. .
It goes without saying that pumps
must oprr:j to at the proper speed Tor the
head inidcr which they aro to pump. Speed
tables iu manufacturers' catalogues will
give tho necessary information and tlnwc
catalogues give considerable additional in
formation on the operation or pumps
which is of importance.
In nearly all cases belted units arc1 to be
recommended, as iu ease a change of spuud
is desired it is only a question of purchas
ing a new pulley, which can be done at a
small expense.
On all high points of pipe lines auto,
matic air relief valvals with saddle flange
to take the valvflM should bo provldud to
allow the free escape of air while pipe h
filling and also io present the formation
of Yneoinn by admitting air when water is
drawn from the pipe. When filling pipe
line tho valves will allow the natural free
dom of flow oT witter and protect shull of
pump from an extreme heavy back pres
sure which otherwise would occur, and
liable to crack the shell of pump espec
ially iu the case Of long pipe Hues. Tim
valves are positive and entirely automatic,
and can bo bought In open market. ,
or stream lo highest point of land lo
, ,
Y
Y
Y
X
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
t
Y
X
Y
Y
Y
X
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
T
Y
Y
Y
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
f
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
4rX"X"KXK
$
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