raoB FOUR
MTCDFORD MATT; TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OR. WON. KKM OAV. .TTXF. 28. 1012,
Medford mail tribune
. AN INDKPENDRNT NEWSPAPER
rum.iHiint) rcviaur afternoon
EXCEPT BUNDAY, HY THE
MKDKOltD 1'RINTINO CO.
The Dcmocrnllo Times, Tho Medford
Man. Tim jieoroni Trimmr, Tito sown
ern OrfKontan, Tho Ashlnnd Tribune.
Office Mall Trlbuno nmidlnr. S5-27-S9
North Fir mrcct; phone, Main 30S1;
Home 75.
QKOnOE PUTNAM, Editor and Manager
Entered nn necond-clnsa matter M
Medford, Oregon, under the act of
March 3, 1879.
Official Paper of tho City of Medford.
Official Paper of Jacknon County.
BTXBHOniTTIOH RATES.
One year, by malt "-25
Ono month, by niall. 60
Per month, delivered by carrier In
Medford, Jacksonville and Ccn-
trat Point .JJ
Saturday only, by mall, per year.. S.gO
Weekly, per year 1 80
SWORN CIBCUI.ATIOK.
Dally average tor eleven month! end
ing November 30. 1911. 27S1.
rail Xtaied Wire TTulted Preia
DUpatchea.
The Mall Tribune la on sale at the
Ferry News Btami. Han Francisco.
Portland Hotel News Stand. Portland,
llowman News Co.. Portland. Ore.
W. O. Whitney. Seattle, Wash.
msoroKo. okiook.
Metropolis or Southern oresoa nnd
Northern California, and the fasteat
Krowlnp city In Oregon.
Population U. S. census 1810 SS10:
estimated. 191110.000.
Five hundred thousand dollar Gravity
Water System completed. Rlvlnc finest
upply pure mountain water, and 17.3
miles of streets paved
Postofflco receipts for year endlnp
November 30, 1911, show increase of 19
per cent.
Banner fruit city In Orecon Ropue
Ittver SplUenberR apples won sweep
stakes prUo and title of
"Appla Xlsjr of the World"
at tho National Apple Show. Spokane.
1909. and n car of Nowtowns won
First rti in 1910
at Canadian International Apple Show,
Vancouver. B. C.
rirst Prise la 1911
at Spokane National Apple Show won
by carload of Newtowna. ,...,. ,
Rocuo River pears brought highest
prices In all markets of tho world dur
fnp tho past alx year
Write Commercial Club. Incloslnjr 6
cents for postage for the finest commu
nity pamphlet ever published.
TO COMMON PEOPLE
BALTIMORE, Mil., Juno 25. The
Chicago convention had Us "peacock
alley" and its "peacock" very
splendid birds of fashion who came
to see and be seen.
The Baltimore convention Is home
spun, like, ho that smokes five cent
cigars and stogies; that dines at the
eat-whlle-you-walt restaurants; that
wears shirt waists (meaning the
feminine gender othat) Instead of
panlers; that doesn't hesitate a
second to take off Us coat when It's
hot
Tho Chicago convention was far
away from tho life of the stock yards
district, -which scarcely knew that
tbero was a history making event on.
In Baltimore tho convention is every
body's show and after six o'clock,
Tvhen supper Is over and tho dishes
washed, Baltimore goes down town,
bqby In tho go-cart, mother without
her hat and father In shirt sleeves
and vest. Every night Is carnival
night In Baltlmoro during tho con
'ventlon. The democratic great are easier to
,lopk. upon than the republican. They
don't glitter so, Senator Ollle James,
of Kentucky, cats his breakfast at a
lunch counter and Senator Stone's
trousers need pressing. No such
revolutionary thing as a delegate tak
ing off his coat on tho convention
floor happened at Chicago, but the
Baltimore convention is full of shirt
sleevo delegates.
BARON PETERN0 FACES
LIFE IMPRISONMENT
ROME, June 28. Convicted of tho
juurtler of Princess Trigoiiu 1M Sent
Tolln, lndy-in-wuilinj: to Queen Hel
ena, in March, 1911, Baron Yinoenao
Petenio, former cavulry officer in the
Itnlinn array, faces today a sentence
of life imprisonment, be via years of
which must be bpent in solidity con
finement. The baron col':ipel when
sentence was pronounced. lie has sev
eral times attempted suicide,
Zionists to Meet in Cleveland.
CLEVELAND, O., Juno 28. Zion
ists, from all part's of tho country will
meet hero tomorrow when tho annual
convention of tho Federation of Am
erican Zionists will assemble for n
three day's session. Tho convention
Is, expected to bo one of tho most
Important over held by tho federation.
TUcro are Indications also that tho
gathorlng will bo larger than usual,
many dologates coming from Oregon,
California, Texas and other distant
parts of tho country.
k Knew Premiers of Lonrj Arjo.
LONDON, Juno 28. Kow men to
' tjdy posses a greater fund of Interest
lug personal recollections of tho Eng
lfoh public llfo than Sir Francis S.
Powoll, who today colebratod his
eighty-fifth birthday. Blr Francis
entorod parliament in 18G3, when
Vulmorston was premier and ho on
'jo'yod a mo ro or less intimate acquain
tance with tho Earl of Derby, Lord
John nussell, William E. Gladstone
Lord.Jleacousflold and their success
oi's lutho promlorship,
CONVENTION
AN EXPLANATION IN ORDER.
F
ROM flip nublishcd renorts
school districts, tho following comparison is made:
AMilnnil
Llotuloil Inilobteilnoss $ 97,000.00
OutstninlliiK warrants Nono
Hstltnnteil value school
uiiUiUiiks 17R.000.00
Insurance carried 91,000.00
School census 1,499
Toachors '2
School rooms '''
Hnrollinimt above eighth
grade 20S
N'mnlier of library books 1.000
Receipts during past year 1 1 1,503.77
Expenditure 9S,2tU.0S
Balance cash on hand . . 13,241.69
Palil for teachers' salar
lea 22.220.9 t
Paid for fuel 1.322.30
Paid for Janitor work . ... l.fiSO.GK
Paid for new school
houses riS.61S.25
Paid for school sites Nono
Tho renorls sneak tor themselves and show that A
land evidently has tho best of
results.
Medford has a bonded indebtedness of $120,000 as
agaiust Ashland's $97,000, has $18f000 in school buildings
as against Ashland's $175,000, and has 117 school rooms as
against Ashland's 49.
But the feature that instantly attracts attention is
Medford s warrant indebtedness of $I7,IWS, and cash on
hand of $Sf)S. against no warrant idebteduess for Ashland
and her cash balance of $13,2-11.
Inasmuch as the new Medford school buildings like
those of Ashland, are paid for out of the proceeds of bond
issues, and the cost of operation in Medford is only a few
thousand dollars a year more than in Ashland, an explana
tion is in order from the Medford school board as to the
cause of this warrant indebtedness, the why and where for.
In common with other taxpayers, the Mail Tribune
would like an official explanation. Its columns are open
for it.
DODGING THE RESPONSIBILITY.
ATTORNEY E. D. Briggs. who in behalf of his Ashland
clients has secured a temporary injunction against the
construction of the Medford bridge, states in an interview
in the Ashland Tidings:
"It is not the intention of the plaintiffs in any manner, by Inference
or othorwlse, to repudiate or Invalidate any pre-existing county warrants,
but the defendant Perham, who has the contract for the brldgo, asks
for any injunction restraining the paying out by the county treasurer of
any money until he has been paid the contract price, J34.000, for the
bridge. He sets up in his pleading that tho outstanding county warrants
to the amount of over half a million dollars. Issued without authority, are
illegal and constitute no liability against the county for that reason. If.
during the course of these proceedings, the court should find, as claimed
by the contractor, that all debts were Illegal, and the Injunction Is granted
against the payment of any debts, it will not be because of action of the
plaintiffs, but solely because the contractor asks for relief."
Messrs. Bowers, Briggs, Carleton and Company are
thus trying to shift the responsibility for the program of
repudiation they have inaugurated, upon the contractor.
Naturally the contractor is interested solely in securing
money for his contract, money raised for the purpose
which was on hand at the time the contract was let. In
doing so, he has simply taken the allegations and admis
sions made in Mr. Briggs' application for the injunction
viz., that the existing county indebtedness is illegal.
If as Messrs. Bowel's, Briggs, Carleton, etc., claim, the
outstanding indebtedness is illegal and contrary to law,
there is of course, no legal obligation for the redemption
of the illegal debt. Having no legal indebtedness, the
county can therefore devote the money on hand to con
tracts now in process of completion, like the bridge.
The contractor's position is a logical one, and to the
layman, sound. He is forced in self-protection to accept
the admissions of illegality and consequent repudiation
made by the Ashland enjoiners, and upon their own
showing, request enforcement of his legal claims in prefer
ence to the claims outstanding which they assert illegal.
If the outstanding indebtedness is held illegal, the
warrants void, and the black flag of repudiation flies over
Jackson county, it will be because it has been raised by the
Ashland coterie and nono other.
Full Details of the
(By Grupevino Telegraph Direct from
Convention Hull.)
CHICAGO.- The rent Amoriean
champion prize fijrlit was staged and
fought out on schedule time.
The rinic hud been erected with
great care, in the midst of which lay
an old rough-rider hut that looked
like it hnd passed through a Texas
cyclone. Joe Dixon and Billy Flinn
were in Teddy's corner, Herbert Hud
ley nnd Bill Borali were time keep
ers, nnd Melfnrg and Henry were
bottle holders for Teddy. George
I'erkins stood outside the ring with
u big roll of inoncv, ready to hot
ten-to-one on Teddy. Billy McKinlcy
and Billy Barnes were in Tuft's cor
ner. Hurry New and Murray Crane
were time-keener nnd Secretary
Ilillfs and Jim Hemenway were bottle
holders for Taft.
There was immense cheering when
the principals appeared. Both men
seemed to be in fine fettle nnd trained
to tho minute, Taft was heaviest hut
was trained down (ill his muscles
looked like great Knots. Teddy was
chipper nnd walked around tho ring,
aminiu.' the padding, nnd surveying
the nudience, whoso cheers entwined
him. Twice he essayed to make a
speech, but his seconds told him he
was there lo fight, not to talk. "Oh,
well," said Teddy, "I'm n fighter from
way back, nnd I'll knock that old
duffer out tho first round." Taft
stood in his corner smiling, His train
ers advised him to keep cool nnd piny
for tho jaw, tho biggest part visible
The referee, called "Timol"
of the Medford and Ashliiud
.MciUonl
Uonilotl lulobtPiltU' $ 12', 000. 00
Outstanding warrants .... 17,338.20
Estimated valuo school
buildings .1S5.000.00
Insurance carried 123,700 00
School census , 1.S17
Teachers 12
School rooms 37
Hnrathucut nbovu eighth
grndo 222
.Vutnber of library books 1.600
Receipts during past year S6.753. 1 1
Expenditures S5.S95.I3
Halancc cash on hand....
Paid for teachers' salar
ies Paid for fuel
Paid for janitor wnrR... ..
Paid for new school
houses ...
Paid for school sites . .
S5S.ll
26.I52.SS
1.07S.00
2,613.00
26.7S5.00
9.500 00
s!i-
it in school management and
Great Prize Fight
Hound 1. Both men udwiurcd to
the middle of tho ring. They dunc-d
around each other feintinrr. Taft was
wary and careful, with his guard well
ip. Teddy was a two-to-ouo favorite
in foot work, but his every effort to
land wus neatly parried. Finally,
Teddy rushed in, and in nn effort to
land a body blow, Taft countered and
landed u pile driver with his right,
Mtiure on Teddy's jaw. Ho went
down in a heap. Tho bell save tin
count. First knock down for Tuft.
There was tremendous excitement.
"Foul!" yelled Teddy, and his seconds
nnd hackers took up the cry. The
referee said the blow was above the
belt, and, according to tho rules, was
fair. "D n the rules," said Teddy,
"change 'em."
Hound 2. Both men were in the
middle of the ring ut tho call of tiiu
Teddy's jaw was swollen, but still in
working order. But ho (lid not seem
to have tho confidence credited to
him. Again he -pranced around his
opponent seeking an opening. He
dnnced around and worried his big
adversary with jabs and uppurculs
hut the punishment was more annoy
ing than dangerous. Suddenly Tedh
came square in front with ail effort
to land u solar plexus, when the big
one neatly parried tho blow, let go
his loft and caught tho cow puncher
full on tho jaw, and ngain he went
down in a heap. Again the bell saved
him. "That blow was foul," yelled
Teddy. "That was not foul," yelled
Hoot. "The rules permit a blow on
tho jnw." "I'll fight under no such
The D..Uy Hint from wk
Aii 1. 1 . ilw tmkr t i t f t i i ;
Tj.n lukoiul iUU) Willi i.uiiul i.ulli tr ut
lull f
rule. They iuil-1 be Hindi-lied. l)
you think 1 m jjomic to fiht with a
man who Im no ieHvt fitr m uw
.My jaw i- sartvd. If he l id ,i i
lv-pcct for iimnlnMiil he would ii'it
hit me in the jnw. It- Foul1 Fnd'
Foul! I'll fight o more und r lu-
rule-. Here l)i.on. mi and I liI
Ftiini rent n ball ami we'll t ir the
euiiiitrv; we'll Ihim- a ngul.ir x.iudi
Ullc; l'ctkiii- will toot the bill It
will pa."
IS
A photoplay entitled "The Co i-
ict's Parole," written b W. (i. Win
stock, general manager nl the IV i
ple Amu'-einent eouipauy, iitul based
upon the honor jy-tcni of (iovernor
Wo-t, will be pliftwn tonight at the
Star theatre iiPthi eity. Mr. Win
stock utter writmir the plnv secured
uemor West's endorsement. While
the story is ibiiiu-ly overdrawn in
order to make the play interesting, lit"
tact that it is bnscd upon We-lV
prison policy imjke-. it doubly iuter-e-tiiig
here. i
.Mr. Win-tnrk;is a firm friend or
tho governor ntfdjbi'fon1 writing the
photoplay eiilledAipuii ,Mr. West iimiI
di-eu-seil the milrji'Vt with liim. The
play will be shown tonight and Sat
urday. in every r.iimy nun iiiitk rui iii-i j
of tho convrnion ball. In i-IohoIh and
You Oouldn'i Hire ,
Me to Woar Dress
Shields Again !
I Uso That Marvel, PERSPI-N0!
Illp out tho ilroni nhlI1i from your
dreue, Klrlil Illp thorn outl Yim iloa't
need Hit-in unr more. nUlutcly iiovur
more I Novur nifnln will your uowu not
Simply a Powder
Ono, Two, Thraa, and tCs Dona
NUlncd, fade, net stltl" umllio ruliiod
lx)coiio of a bin oppy poraplrntlon iipot
at tho nrnwltj.
It doo-n't mntor how llulit or heavy
your clotlilmr, or how Htully nnd hot It
may ho iniloom, In tlio thentro, lill
rooin or toncorl-lmll, l'KUHI'I.NO will
lioop your urmplt jut in frh and dtr
a the Imrk of your band, Jtut Klorlotul
Tlniro'll lio no jnoro runnlnc of cotora
In colored irownn, at tho ann.plti. No
moro inlwry from rolled up dremi shlolds
tlmt form n ropy wad under tlio arm.
Ho moro humiliation I Just a llttlo
I'KHBI'I-NO will do Jt all. It's a pow
dor, applied with a pad. A pad In enidi
box. It'n do no in n minute. Never ln
Juresomtnltm thu fuhrln, uhaolutoly wife,
BatUfactlon iruaranteod or monoy baclf.
IKa PI-NO U for ado nt your drua
irliit'NntSiSanlios.rjrsontdlract.ou receipt
of prico. hy tlio IVmpo Co., 1715 Idiieoln
A vo.i OIilciiBo. lfor wil'i and recommended
In Miilfonl iy CIim. Strang, L. II, Iluklai,
Medford i'lmrniiicy.
$tAm$tyntt
- I'ortland.Urvcoa S ,
'JlMlilent (D4 I)r Hrhool for Olrlf liT
Cnlll, Aeidtmlo n4 ClimnUrr Dlpllmo, I
llll, Art, Elocution, Ojraoilom, I
i'crcuiog.i.ii..Tin: Kisn:it stirKiuoiil
Offli eM.Bt. lltli'iillnll
ImmniiiMiU woi'o hlddtMi today tloiuMiN
of campaign banners for tmo during
I lio nominations, Tho piiltitcil ban
imh bear thi portraits nf all candi
dates They aro Million to prou'iit
tliolr being stolen lt r'val outliushiMtH
Alexander
The Suit Man
Call and look over twcho hiiiidi'd
samples of tho latent weaves In
Men's SultliiKH.
A mado to jour lueamiro suit, ab
solutely guaranteed to fit, guaran
teed all ptiro wool mid guaranteed tti
hold It h shape. .Mitilo lo your lurus
uro suits,
$ lH.no to $ io.oii
llooiu S. I 'a I in HnlMIng
The Best
For All
Motors
Rk&x
Btr V yr
KtM
S.SS
If an old nora oxUtoil slraply bocattao tho llonh win dl.via.nntl nt that
particular pot, It woul 1 bo tut muy matter to apply nouio routody tllrwlly
to tho place that would kill tho goritiit; or thu (ll.wimiil iloslt might bo
romovoil by tv mtrgloul openitlou and u euro otfeoteil. Hut tho very fact
that old fiorus ro.iint overy form of local or oxternal treatment, tun I uvuit
raturn after bolnu cut nwnv. tthowa that tmclc of ilium I tv morbid eaitw
which must bo romovod boforo iv euro can result. Jtut an long an the
tHillutlon contlnttiu In tho blood, thu ulcer romnln an opon cesdpool iir the
deposit of lmpurltlctnvhlclt tlio circtilnllon tnrowsoii. a.n. w. cures um oorer
by purifying tho blood. It rnmovoii every trace of liuputlty and taint from
tho circulation, and thuo completely dona nwny with tho cnttso. Whon
S, S. S. had cloiuisod tho blood, thu ori begins to honl, and it 1.1 lint a
mirfnco cure, but tho hoallug procosu btinlnit at tho botteut: ou the tlla
charge cotuia, tho inflammation luuvo.-i, ami the place tills in with llrtn,
healthy Hosh. umiur thu puruying ami touio onoeta oi a. a. a. mo nyaioui
l.i built up, and thooo whoso hotilth biu boon impaired by the drain and
worrv of an old noro will bo doubly bouufltud by lt uso. liook on Sznt
tutd Ulcon und any medical ndvlco froo to till who write.
XJIE SWIFT 3PCinC CO., ATLANTA, OA.
GROWERS
V.
friic prospocls .'in' gootl for a hiinipci' fruit crop
in tho Pafifit: northwest. We would advise all grow
ers of Teaches, Apricots, Canteloupes, Tomatoes, Po
tatoes, etc., to get in touch with us. 1 1 is'a part of our
business to find a market for the fruits and produce
grown in the valley. Wo have our arrangements
completed to handle the crops that will bring good
returns lo the grower. J L will pay you lo investigate.
ROGUE RIVER COMMISSION CO.
Tfledford, Oregon
Pacific S(i21.
fmmmmmxmmammaimmtajinMmam4MMmmmmmtmitmammBamauixiMimm-&sianmmmmmmBmmm
S3 VK MLA .
When a New Perfection Comes
in at the Door Heat and Dirt
Fly Out at the Window.
What would it mean to you to have
heat and dirt banished from your kitchen
tills summer to be free from the blazing
range, free from ashes and soot ?
Mgw "Berjcctiott
iTTnrrTTT;rTrrTTriiMni
Oil Cook-stove
Willi tlie New Peilcclion Oven, lite New Peiffctlon
Stove it the inoit complete coolim; device oq the nutlet.
It it jud ijuick and Imnd, too, (or wtiltint) ind ironing.
STANDARD
(lncorportd)
3n rr.nclicoCnl.
m Anvtrl.., (-nl.
an Dli.', Cal.
San Jo.e, Cl.
filoclitiin, Cl.
Sacramontu, Cat,
II an uii.'i
mimtuti-mratit
iy MVvmiihmTtfHUrffHtfraimaiiaiTwaM.i
Kee Lox
Typewriter
Ribbon
Are I he only ones made
which are inked lo siul
the HU)V of llH'dilTcr
eul makes ol' typewrit
ers. 7.V to $1.00
MEDFORD
BOOK STORE
gHv JHrfV
LEAVES
PRACTICALLY
NO CARBON
For Kilo Kwnwl rn
STANDARD OIL COMPANY
(luiorpnrated)
CURES
OLD SORES
Home 307.
This Stovo
saves TJmo
It saves Labor
It saves Fuel
It snvea YOU
Ml Villi I, 2 ni 3
liurnrn, htnJiamtlr finiilml
lirauiilxul ll 2' mi 3
burner ilovci Willi or willmuj
r.bifiel lci, wliUli Ii (illril with
drop ili.lvrt, luw.lracli, tic,
All cImU-ii c.rry ll Ntw
Vilrtlion Slav., I'rt. CmV.
liMik Willi tyrtYtiuit. Cool
kik iIh given I nvun
fiidioii i ctnli lo cover null
ing UHl,
OIL COMPANY
M.ry.rllle. C.I.
I'r.mo, Cal.
I'orllantl, Oro,
flcatlla, Wath.
Hpokana, Wa.li,
1'acoiua, Waili,
WHERE TO OO
TONIGHT
I Aiv
THEATRE
I'lider illieitlou of
miOI'I.IJ'H A.MINKMKNT '!.
Niiperlnr In I'Moio I'iimIiiHIoiii
Perfect Ventilation and Comfort
rii: mil ihiati'iikh i'ivi:
The featuie of Intel out In Onv.iiiiluliirt
Tin: co.vvtrrs iwhem:
Wnlteii h ,Milln (I WIiimIiicU, (I. mi
Muuni'.er 1'ixipliti Aimniiuut Co. and
pitnlurt'il by (bo Kitlxon Co., with tint
iippnitnt of Hon (iswuM Went. A
drama that will touch your heart
Mtiini.i
im:ATi:ii i.evi:
A wcicru draiiut full of UiiIHm,
.MISTAIiK.N' IIIIJ.NTITV
All iniuedy.
sort, iti:ci,Ai.Mi:i
A Htory true Hi life.
Hern i hey ate again
Till; K T,K I VM.MIIlt KIHK
Ilium nnd I'iIIk uiiiiiiirk lo start noun"
thing w lieu th-y am rompnlliMt in
go In ikIiimiI iikiiIiihI ihclr wInIicm,
hi iciunlliK. tapld-iuovliiK farm In linn
with their UHitiil explolln.
A I. SATIIKH IN NHW HONU
lli'iit (if itttiMlc ttuit rimllillc effort
m.tim:i:h umi.v
A1I111I'. um li ClilMri'ii fr
ISIS
theatre:
.101)11 r,vl nf I'lilitri-. illli Vim. Irvlltt"
Ailiiilimloii 10 nml In rciilH.
MIM.VI.V mill O'NHII.f.
Thu mm tnirk IiiiiIm.
Ititroiliicltir. Utiriitiitty Sliir.lnt: nml
Conn Shoiitliii:.
i.i:.c VK.u i.ornatv cnii:
Conirily
A lil,: inl-iii ulii'it tint wluuliif, until-
Imuh 11 ro olwiiKi'il.
KIIKItUT .II.M'S I.A.ST SHOT
A riittllni; koimI ilraiun.
Till: SALVATIONIST
Aiiii'tlnin ilriiinit,
In ulilcli u Salvation army Klrl wIiik
Ilio iiiliiilnitlnii of 11 wi'iiltliy iilnlitiitui.
Hlto M'fitM'H to liMivn t lit army. I lo
iiioiiIh ullli an milo acrlilitiil. Tim
Klrl iiiirnmt him buck to lictiltli. All
miilri In Um 11 m 11 it I way.
Hpoclal inntliK'uii nvory Hittiinlny mill
Kniiilay at 2 . in.
lOvi'iiliiK ii-rformaiirif, 7:30
A SNAP
HO acrciH, nix inllon from Mudford,
gnml crnilml roud croHHo tho tract,
all froo noil, nt ICO r aero. flOOO
will linutllo, cnay tormi nn bnlunco.
I'urt Ih creek bottom Iniul, in'tablo
for nlfulfu. Rovornl nprliiKi n tho
pltico. Tlmliur nnmiKli to pay for tho
trnct. No ImllilliiK". In tho Oriffln
crunk illHtrlct.
W.T.York . Co.
MORTGAGE
LOANS
AFonoy on hand tti all limns
to loan on ynproved ranches
and city property at lowest
l'atcri with "on or before
privilege."
JAMES CAMPBELL
Phono 3231 320 G -0. Bldg.
Watch Our Addition
Grow
Jurkno nml Summit
Medford Realty and
Improvement Company
M. r. A II. G(. Illtlg.
t
f,