PAGE THREE
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MEDFORD MAT! TOTBUN13, arTCDFORD, ORMfJOX, MONDAY. FEBRUARY 20, 191 1.
r
1
Lime-Sulphur Its Use as a
Fungicide and an Insecticide
-By-Prof.
P. J. O'Gara, Pathologist. Written especially for the Medford
Mail Tribune.
(Copyright, 1911, by Medford Printing Company.)
(Sixth installment.)
Making (lie Llme-Sulpjiur Spray.
So far we have treated mainly of
the chemistry of lime-sulphur and it
will now be necessary to explain how
the wnsh is prepared commercially,
as well as the making of it, by the
grower himself.
As was stated in the first chapters,
the amount of lime and sulphur used
varied with the different formulae
and the proportion of each used had
no bearing on tho chemistry of the
spray and, therefore, it was not very
infrequent that to.o much lime, as well
as too much sulphur, was used. The
firse commercial lime-sulphur com
pounds were used as a sheep dip,
just as the older preparations had
been used many years before lime
sulhpur was used as an orchard
spray. Everyone is familiar with the
Hex, Niagara, Ortho, Sampson and
various other commercial lime-sulphurs.
It is not our intention to go into
the matter of these so-called patent
sprays,' but merely to state that tin.
commercial brands differ from the
home-made vnh or spray principal
ly in that they are in a highly con
oeiinrated state. This high concen
tration has made it feasible to pre
pare the lime-sulphur wash as n
commercial commodity to be stored,
shipped and sold for insecticidal and
fungicidal purposes. Tho home-nindi
washes usually have a low concen
tration while the leading commer
cial brands are approximately nine
or ten times as strong as the home
made mixtures. The best of the
commercial preparations differ mar
kedly in appearance from the wash
made by the fruit grower himself in
that there is no heavy sediment or
settling. This has been excluded b.
decanting off or filtering the cleai
liquid. Another important property
of well made commercial brands i?
that they are comparatively free
from crystallization when subjected
to sudden changes of temperature.
This result has been attained liy lin
ing the minimum amount of lime nec
essary to unite with the sulphur, and
after the wash has been prepared,
by keeping it in air-tight container:.
However, variations in the degree o'
concentration of commercial liihe
sulphurs may occur with different
batches of the same brand. It is
often impossible, even under the bes'
of conditions, to prepare a lime-sulphur
of definite strength. In the
early history of the concentrated
lime-sulphur manufacture it was ver
difficult to make different boilinu
of uniform density and analyses o'
the same brand showed great varii
tion, sometimes all the way from 2."i
to, 34 degrees Beaume. At the pres
ent time, however, all of the better
brands show a very high degree of
concentration and are generally qui'
uniform in density.
The Hoinc-ltoilcil Wash.
To the fruit grower who makes his
own limp-sulphur solution, it is im
portnnt, not only to know that lime
and sulphur are used, but the rela
tive amounts ns well as. tho length
of tune necessary to noil the mix
ture; and, finally, the determination
of the strength or specific gravity
and the amount of dilution necessaiy
to use it, so that it will have tho de
sired effect. It may bo stated thai,
as a rule, the specific gravity or den
sity of the preparation and the
amount of sulphur and calcium in
the solution is increased with the
amount of lime used. When a large
amount of lime is used tho compound
is mo-tly calcmm tetra-siilphide
(CaS4) and when tho smallest
amount of lime is used the mixture
is more nearly the pentu-sulphido
(C'aS.)). In the undissolved portion
or sediment free sulphur is usually
present in largest amounts when the
smallest amount- of limo is used and
the amount decreases when larger
amounts of lime arc used. Calcium
sulphite (,1'aSCKl) is piesont in sinrl
lot;t amounts when tho least amount
of lime is used. Just how much lime
to use for making the host mixtire
depends somewhat upon the quality
of the lime, but, in general, oho
pound of good lime to two pounds of
sulphur and slightly moro than one
gallon of water, which whoa boiled
down so as to have about one gallon
of total concentrated product, will
give tho desired result. In some
cases thi tiumula may well bo mod
ified; for instanco, if the lime, falls
much bolow 9o per eont calcium ox
ide, or, if the solution is to be ued
at once, it may be desirable to in
oroasa the amount of limo by 10 per
cent. However, any greater increuse
in the liiuois objectionublu boemue of
tho refilling increase in the uiuouut of
resulting uierotifco in the amount ol
aodimont and iu the tendency l"
uryUulisw iu fcturage. Furthermore,
when Hit exee of lime i ued only
tho lower sulphide are formed. T:ie
object in making a rmireiitrat d
wi-h 1-, tu huc u mm-li t -1 1 :t -
sulphide (.iSJi iind pelita sulphide I
(CaS.'i) as possible. It may bo stat
ed then, that tho 3-2-1 fromula
should be followed. Our formula will
then read:
1 pound lime.
2 pounds sulphur.
1 gallon water.
In order to make up fifty gal
lons at one time, all that is neces
sary to do is to multiply the above
formula by the factor 50. Tho mat
ter of boiling the mixture is of very
great importance. There is as much
to be said against over-boiling as
under-boiling. It is well known tint
the largest amounts of soluable sul
phides are formed when it has beei.
boiled about one hour. Of course,
tho boiling should be constant and
the pot or cooker should be tightly
closed by a cover so as to retain as
much heat as possible. With a brisk
fire the amount of sediment in
creases with tho length of boiling,
owing to the increased formation of
calcium sulphite (CaS03). The
amount of free sulphur, however, de
creases with tho length of boiling.
Where there is any sediment in the
bottom of tho cooker, this may be
used in making another batch in
stead of throwing it away.
Tho most economical and conven
ient way to prepare the home-boiled
lime-sulphur is to use live steajn if
possible. A good steam boiler, with
tanks or barrels for boiling the
spray, is very convenient. The main
steam pipe may be connected to smal
ler pipes which pass into the barrel,
these pipes being fitted at tho bot
tom with u cross perforated with
holes through which the steam is
sues. The iipc sliould be three
quarters of ifn inch and the perfora
tions may bo one-eighth or one-sixteenth
of an inch in size. When the
lime, sulphur and water are put into
the barrel and mixed, live steam is
turned on and the cooking is usu
ally very rapid if the steam pressure
is high. With this method, tho use
of the steam eliminates the shrink
age of water as in tho case of the
kettle. Enough pressure, say 17")
pounds, should bo used to develop
a vigorous boiling and avoid un
necesasry condensation, since the
condensation of the steam would
tend to increase too much tho quiri
tit3 of water.
Where accurate control of volumes
and greater densities may be desired,
the steam may be used in closed coils
or in steam jacketed kettles, with or
without mechanical agitators. Such
kettles holding 100 gallons and
upwards, are obtainable, but are us
unlly very costly. In using a cooker
or kettle, it is a good plan to mark
a certain point on the kettle so that
one may know the right amounts of
water to use for tho limo and sulphur
employed in making a batch. Either
this should be done or a measuring
stick made from a lath and accu
rately marked.
We will now give tho details of
tho preparation of making fifty gal
lons of concentrated lime-sulphur.
The materials are:
r0 pounds best, woll burned limo.
100 pounds flour, or flowers, of
sulphur.
r0 to 55 gallons totnl product when
boiled.
Put about ten gallons of water In
tho kettle and start the flro; place
the limo In the kettle, and, after
slaking has well started, add tho dry
sulphur and mix It thoroughly, add
ing water enough to maintain a thin
paste, which requires about five gal
lons. It Is best to sift tho sulphur
so that It will not enter In lumps,
thus making It difficult to dissolve.
Aftor the slaking and mixing nro com
pleted, add water to tho height of
about 50 gallons on the measuring
stick or to tho mark on tho sldo of
tho cooker, and boll, stirring until
tho sulpnury scum disappears; then
add wator to about the height of CO
gallons on the measuring stick or sldo
of tho pot and boll down to 50 gal
lons. It will not bo necessary to boll
down to tho 50-gallon mark If It Is
desired to uso tho spray at onco, hut
tho holllng may bo stoppod at about
55 gallons. Tho matorial should be
kopt woll stirred, especially during
tho early stago of the process, and
any lumps of sulphur or limo should
ho thoroughly broken up. If tho sul
phur has boon sifted, however, thoro
sliould bo no troublo from this source.
Tho tlmo of boiling should bo until
tho sulphur granules are dissolved.
This Is dotermined by dipping and
slowing pouring -some of tho mato
rial, observing It vory cloioly. An
a rule f0 minutes of vigorous boil
ing Is sufficient to causo tho sulphur
to unlto completely with tho limo. It
may be necessary to Increase tho time
or to decrease tho tlmo somewhat,
depending, of course, upon the qual
ity of tho lime, as wall as the bent of
boiling. A slow fire will necessarily
take louger. If attention is glveu to
the above details good results should ,
he obtained and a minimum amount
of sediment will be found in the bot
tom of the cooki-r.
Our Correspondents
EDEN PRECINCT ITEMS.
f
Tho usual amount of orders arc:
going out of Korth Taleit for garden i
seed.
John Hobinson of iWngoner creek
was down to Phoenix Friday attend
ing the funeral of the (lato C. 13.
Houston. j "
C. Carey says it doe.- pay to ad
vertise in he Mail Tribune. After
tho first notice he hipped u ton of
his fine early sunrise seed potatoes
to Ashland, and' he is cleaning up
the last of them for this season. His
fine quality seed has gained wide
reputation, he having taken the med
al at the Seattle exposition in 1000.
C. W. Wolters of Talent has his
now fixtures in his bank, and one
going in would feel as though he had
stepped into one of the larger city
banks. Every modern convenience
is supplied.
' Mr. and Mrs. Ike Wolf of Medford
came out to Phoenix Friday.
W. E. Hartley of North Talent
war a Medford visitor Saturday.
Mrs Samantha Hewitt of North
Talent went down to Medford Thurs
day to visit her brother and family,
Mr. and Mrs. George Chandler.
Mrs. Charley McClain, u former
Phoenix resident came up from Myr
tle creek, the last of the week, and is
visiting relatives here.
i'.JoHiu Patterson, former pounty
commissioner, and . wife, were in
Phqcnix Friday.
S. S. Stephens of North Talent was
in Medford Saturday.
Ed Hamlin of Eden valley came
into Phoenix Friday to attend the
funeral services.
Mr. and Mrs. Otto Caster of East
Medford were in Phoenix Friday.
W. S. Stanciiff of North Talent
is laid up with the grippe.
Mrs. M. Smith, neice of Mrs. James
Allen, came down from Ashland to
consult Dr. Malmgren of Phoenix,
and found that an operation for ap
pendicitis was necessary. She went
to the Southern Oregon hospital at
Ashland Sunday and was operated
on Monday.
Phoenix came near having a blaze
last Monday when the flue in the
Theo Englo building, which is being
occupied as a general merchandise
store by Peardsley and Croy burned
out, setting fire to tho roof. Only
(puck action by Mr. Heardsley in
playing his hose upon the roof saved I
the building and its contents.
Miss Clara Allen of North Talent
went to Ashland Sunday to spend a
few days.
C. Carey did his trading in Phoe
nix last Saturday morning.
The funeral services over the re
mains of C. E. Houston at Phoenix
Friday were largely attended. Three
lodges were represented.
The public school, beside tho en
tire populace for miles around, at
tended. There were many beautiful
floral offerings. The music was fur
nished by the Phoenix quartet, and
was a beautiful tribute to his mem-
CENTRAL POINT ITEMS
A. W. Moon mndo a business trip
to Grants Pass Saturday.
. Mrs. Getsle and daughter of Ash
land are visiting Mr. and Mrs. Par
ker. Mrs. Smith returned from a two
months' visit at Los Angolos and oth
er southern cities.
Dr. Ray of Medford was transact
ing business hero Friday.
Tho Central Point Junior club sang
n special song at tho Y. M. C. A. Sun
day afternoon.
L. L. Horrlck, president of the
Grants Pass bank and Trust company,
nddressed the Y. M. C. A. Cunday
afternoon.
Mrs. Leo Ingram returned homo
Saturday evening from a visit with
relatives and friends at Chlco, Cal
.X'al.
i Kow
Mrs. Wilson of Mllllonalro
loft Friday afternoon for hor old
homo at Chicago. Sho will bo ab
sent until the first of May.
Mr. and Mrs. Manning returned
from Grants Pass Friday.
Edward Kahlor has boon on tho
sick list for tho past week and his
many friends will bo pleased to hoar
that ho Is convalescing.
Harloy & Orma Welch, formerly
of this place but now of Portland,
wero visiting friends horo tho last of
tho weok.
J. W. Morrltt made a business trip
to Gold Hill Sunday.
S. M. Caldwell made a trip to the
lowor end of thu valley Sunday.
J. H. Grace and Mr. Case returned
from Los Angeles Saturday ovenlng.
A. C. Walker made a business trip
to Grants Pass Saturday.
William Hammutt spent Sunday at
Ashland.
Among tho many Central Point
people wlto spent Saturday afternoon
at Medford were Mrs. Campbell and
Mrs. Chloblor, Paul Lake and wife.
Miss Sarah Ileuini, and Miss Heul&h'Z
Caldwell. Mrs. England, Henry Riley,
George ParuumTfc II E Iledford, Qu
Tex. K Scott, S. A. Pattlxon Hoimi
Purt, Hairy LlndH and Ons Mor
ii4
EAGLE POINT EAGLETS.
(By A. C. Howlctt.)
Since my last, which was 'on the
11th lust., I, have been confined to
this house so that I have not been nblo
to gather the general news as initial,
but herewith submit what Items I
have been nblo to gather.
Since my last Mr. Reed of Dudley
has been out to Medford to be a wlt-
noss lu n ,aml caso 1)ofo10 Commls-
sloner Cannon
Mr. Payne, who bought the Alfred
Gordon place on upper Rogue river,
hns spent tho night here on his way
home. He hns Ills children attend
ing school In Medford.
Charley Marine of Elk Creek was
also a lodger with us.
Two men were here from Medford
who were attracted by a wind puff In
one of the local papers lu which It
was announced that we were going to
build u largo nmount of cement side-.best
walk, a $25,000 scioolliouse, etc.,
to seo about getting a contract for
cement work, nnd our postmaster, A.
J.Florey, who Is school clerk, has
received quite a number of cards rep
resenting tho different styles of
schoolhouse8. You seo tho advan
tages of advertising. Also two men
were hero to feel the pulse of tho
people with regard to opening up a
saloon or two here, while qulto a
number hayo been hero looking for
different locations for business, nnd
sonio changes have been made In real
estate.
Albert Anderson of l'lerco, S. D.,
was hero looking over tho situation
for business, and W. 10. Huchanan of
Sunnyside, Wash., also spent a day
and night with us. Ho wns on his
way to Butte. Falls, where ho expects
to go Into tho dental business. Mr.
P. M. Kershaw of the Oregon Gran
ite compnny of Medford was nlso with
us on his way up Ilutto Creek.
Anson Lord, formerly of Central
Point, but now of Ilutto Falls, was
also a guest at tho Sunnyside.
J. D. Amies of Medford was horo
Inquiring for the Hradahaw place,
whore two of his brotber-ln-laws are
In chnrge of the placo; also Messors.
IOd nnd Mlko Hnnloy caino out, spent
tho night, procured snddlo horses
horo and went up tho country, ro-
Repeat Your Medford Experience BUY GRANTS
PASS PROPERTY NOW "HSSSS'&SSSrlng
A cholco ncreago tract Inside tho city, only $300 per aero.
A cholco acroago tract, just outside tho city, only $200 per acre.
Another cholco acreago tract just outside tho city, only $150 per aero.
A choice business corner, 50x100, only $8000, with Improvements.
A. N. PARSONS
References: First National Rank,
Main Street Business Property
Nets Over 8 Per Cent Interest
Best location. Great increase
in value. Lot 50 feet by 140 ,
ii
feet. Splendid buy for invest
ment or speculation. Special
price for quick action. Address
ALFALFA LAND
SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Choicest dalry'nnd alfalfa proposition In tho state, located on tho
main lino of the Sofitbern Pacific railroad, between Sacramento and
Sail Francisco.
IDKAL CLIMATK
ABUNDANCE OF WATKH FOR IRRIGATION
Write Uh for Information
DIXON ALFALFA LAND CO, I LYON, CAL.
Nothing Just as Good as
EAOLK 1'IIAHMACY,
109 Kat Main St.
Phone: Home (13; I 'up. 232
Eagle Drug Co., Inc.
Tlios. Bartholomew, Pli. C, General Mgr.
1'ho Rexull Stores Metlfortl, Ore.
turning In time to Join in colebrnt-
lug the Hfith birthday of Lew nnd
I Hoy Smith, twins. Mrs. Howlctt bad
i prepared a special turkey dinner for
all the boarders and a number of In
vited guests, among whom were 'A.
H. Wamsley nnd daughter, Miss Ma
bel, Mr. McNutton, Miss Lnnimo, our
photographer, Ed CIngcade, Miss Co
ra Sewell, Hay Hnrnlab, John Foster,
Ed Foster, Nick Young. Carl ltlnger,
Chnlnier ltlnger, Mr. Hell of Chicago,
who hn!B(e(''n hero looking after the
interests of the company who have
boon putting up he wntor tank for
the P. & 10. Knllroad company, Geo.
West of Medford. To sny that wo
or rathoi1 thoy, for I was too sick to
oajoy anything but quiot, but those
who expressed thomselvos said that
they had ono of 'the times of their
lives.
Sunday evening tho 12th Inst. John
lllglnbotluun, two of the MeKeo boys,
Mrs. Fort Hubbard of Medford and
her sister, Mrs. John Hlglnbothani,
came In with their father, John Mc
Keo. They were accompanied by Dr.
Holt, our local M. D. Mr. MeKco was
suffering so much that It was thought
to bring him out whero ho could
liavo the best of euro. Dr. Holt Is al
ways prompt to attend to his patients.
They took rooms at tho Sunnyside
hotel and tho venerablo old gontle
iikui passed off quietly about 1:15
p. in. Wednesday, the 15th, aged 811
years, 8 months and 18 days. Tho
remains were taken charge of by tho
Perl undertaking company of Med
ford the sanio afternoon and tho re
mains wero shipped to, CVlodford on
tho V. & 13. car. Tho ii;roa.so() leaves
a largo family of chlUlrqn,, grand
children and friends to feel ,tblr bo-
reavonient
TO CUKE A COM) IN ONE DAY
Tako LAXATIVE liKOMO Quinine
Tablets. DiUgcInts refund monoy if
It falls to euro. E. W. GHOVE'S sig
nature !b oa each box. 2Gc.
MEDFORD
CONSERVATORY
FOR MUSIC AND
LANGUAGES
NAT. BUILDING
ALL BRANCHES OF
MUSIC.
FULL FACULTY.
G. TAILLANDIER,
DIRECTOR.
.- -
REAL ESTATE
GRANTS PASS. ORE,
Grants Pass Ilnnklng & Trust Co
Owner, Medford
P. O. BOX NO. 477.
the REXALL Remedies
WKST SIDK IMIAHMACY
200 W'c t M.nii Slioet
Phenes: Home l:i, Pac 1011
A REAL CITY STORE
New, Clean Merchandise Displays
No doubt you havo entered a big city grocery and vlowed
with pleasuro the tastefully arranged displays of clean,
t shining bottle goods and new package goods. You canx
seo the snmo kind of displays in our
New, Modem Store
Everything Is new from floor to celling. Tho groceries
carried in this storo arc FIRST QUALITY and everything
Is sold at rcasonablo prices
Grocery
South Central Avenue
Half a Block From Main Street
Automobile For Sale
A Pope Hartford
(Flvo-passongerlOOS model). Dig easy riding powerful speedy
WI1 bear the strictest Investigation. Over $100 extra equipment,
which Includes tho follewing: Two lame "Solar" headlights,
"I'rest-o-Llto" tank, magneto, storage battery, top and sldo cur
tains complete, Troy wind shlo'd, "Warner" speedometer (GO-mllo),
"Flrostono" doniountablo rims (two extra rims), two extra tires
and inner tubes, besides nonrly now set of tires on tho car at pres
ent, full set of tools, Jack an 1 pump. Will paint car to suit pur
chaser. Havo best reason for selling. Price $1900, or $1750 for
cash. Address
OWNKU, (III HAST MORRISON STltKKT, PORTLAND, OHKCON
&P&HtJJJMJ-JJVO
?
PLUMBING
STEAM AND HOT
5
Z All Work Guaranteed
I COFFEEN
11 North 1) St.. Med foid
t
rr-rj.ex-.r
Uho finest
Sample Rooms
in tho city.
Hotel Moore
Telephone In Kvury Room
RAU-MOHR COMPANY
Proprietors.
EUROPEAN PLAN
Hemingway's
Arsenate of Lead
!Is pure and fully equal in quality io any Lead Arsen
ate obtainable even at much higher prices.
It is guaranteed to show following analysis:
Arsenic Oxide 15 Per Cent
Lead Oxide, about f2 Per Cent
.Soluble Arsenic, under 1-2 Per Cent
.Improperly made Lead Arsenate gives disastrous
results. A good lead arsenate should contain no free
Acetic Acid, only a trace of Free Arsenic Acid, and
from 15 Per Cent to 17 Per Cent of combined Arsenic
Acid. 1 1 should mix readily with water and remain a
long time in suspension.
HEMINGWAY'S LEAD ARSENATE combines
all these good qualities. It is unique in possession of
prolonged slicking power and It Does Not Scorch.
Hemingway's Lead Arsenate is Harmless to the
plant but deadly to the insect. Hemingway's lead
arsenate is used extensively in the Roguo River
Valley by prominent fruit growers with unqualified
success. ,
PRICES F. O. B. MEDFORD
Tn 500 lb. packages 9 l-4e per lb. net
In 100 lb. packages 1) 3-1 e per lb. net
In 50 lb. packages 10 1-lc per lb. net
In 25 lb. packages 11 1-lc per lb. net .
DISTRIBUTING AGENTS FOR OREGON &
WASHINGTON.
Kerr, Gifford & Co-
PORTLAND, OREGON.
Co
WATER HEATING
PriceB Reasonable
(& PRICE
Oro.
Phone 303
Single rooms or en suite
also rooms with bath
WsT
&
SB
9fi
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5
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gag-ir-fflBWn r3teft
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